Shabbatשבת

Opening Food Packaging on Yom Tov

Sources address whether opening a sealed food package on Yom Tov is permitted when the wrapper becomes a usable vessel. The analysis draws on Shabbat and Yom Tov law governing vessel-making, container destruction, and the permissibility of actions necessary for food preparation.

מִשּׁוּם דְּקָא מְתַקֵּן מָנָא

19 sources · 17 verified

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What the sources say

The question of opening a sealed food package on Yom Tov when the wrapper may become a usable vessel touches several distinct halachic issues.

Opening sealed containers on Yom Tov

The foundational Talmudic discussion appears in Beitzah 31:2, where Shmuel distinguishes between seals attached to the ground—where one may only untie but not unravel or cut—and seals on vessels, where untying, unraveling, and cutting are all permitted both on Shabbat and on Yom Tov, since the prohibition of dismantling does not apply to vessels.

Shulchan Arukh, Orach Chayim 519 codifies this distinction directly, ruling that the same laws governing untying, unraveling, and cutting seals on vessels and on the ground on Shabbat apply equally on Yom Tov.

The Gemara in Shabbat 146a establishes that one may break open a barrel on Shabbat to eat from it, provided one does not intend to create a vessel—a condition the Rabbis and Rabbi Yehuda share, differing only on whether one may perforate the plug rather than remove it entirely.

The Rambam (Mishneh Torah, Sabbath 23:1–6) rules similarly: one may pierce the seal of a cask from the top to pour wine, but not from the side, since doing so resembles making a vessel; and one may break a barrel to eat from it provided one does not intend to fashion a utensil.

Shulchan Arukh, Orach Chayim 314:1 rules that construction and demolition prohibitions do not apply to vessels in the same way as to buildings, so a barrel bonded with pitch may be broken to access its contents, provided one does not intend to create a neat opening that would constitute making a vessel; a complete, undamaged vessel, however, may not be broken even without such intent.

Shulchan Arukh HaRav, Orach Chayim 314 elaborates that when one does not intend to fashion a proper opening the rabbis did not decree against the act with a repaired barrel, since such a vessel is regarded as inferior; but a complete vessel may not be broken because demolishing a fully intact construction is forbidden even in vessels.

Arukh HaShulchan, Orach Chayim 314 and Beit Yosef, Orach Chayim 314 both explain that the condition 'provided one does not intend to make a vessel' means one must not take care to form a neat opening, since doing so constitutes demolishing in order to build, which is forbidden even with vessels.

Mishnah Berurah 314:31 clarifies that cutting a seal with a knife does not constitute full demolition and is therefore permitted by all opinions, whereas breaking a wooden or metal closure constitutes full demolition and is relevant even for vessels.

Magen Avraham 314 notes the Rambam's position that making a hole designed for both ingress and egress violates the labor of makeh ba-patish, and that rabbinic decree extends even to holes serving only one direction, lest one come to make a fully prohibited hole.

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Kashrus of repurposed packaging

The core concern about creating a vessel on Shabbat or Yom Tov is articulated by Beitzah 32b:10, which explains that the prohibition against breaking earthenware or cutting paper is precisely 'because one is thereby preparing a vessel for use' (מִשּׁוּם דְּקָא מְתַקֵּן מָנָא)—meaning that the act of opening can itself constitute the prohibited labor of completing a utensil.

Shulchan Arukh, Orach Chayim 340:13 codifies this rule: one may not break ceramic or tear paper on Shabbat because doing so is likened to preparing a vessel, indicating that any opening that renders packaging into a functional container raises the prohibition of tikkun keli.

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Source 1 · Chazal
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Beitzah 31

ביצה ל״א — ד"ה גְּמָ׳ וְהָאָמְרַתְּ רֵישָׁא אֵין מְבַקְּעִין כְּלָל

Beitzah 31:2

Shmuel permits untying, unraveling, and cutting fastenings on vessels on both Shabbat and Yom Tov since the prohibition against dismantling does not apply to vessels, but a baraita objects by permitting unraveling and cutting such fastenings only on Yom Tov and not on Shabbat.

אָמַר שְׁמוּאֵל: חוֹתָמוֹת שֶׁבַּקַּרְקַע — מַתִּיר, אֲבָל לֹא מַפְקִיעַ וְלֹא חוֹתֵךְ. שֶׁבַּכֵּלִים — מַתִּיר וּמַפְקִיעַ וְחוֹתֵךְ, אֶחָד שַׁבָּת וְאֶחָד יוֹם טוֹב. מֵיתִיבִי: חוֹתָמוֹת שֶׁבַּקַּרְקַע, בְּשַׁבָּת — מַתִּיר אֲבָל לֹא מַפְקִיעַ וְלֹא חוֹתֵךְ. בְּיוֹם טוֹב — מַתִּיר וּמַפְקִיעַ וְחוֹתֵךְ!

Shmuel said: In the case of fastenings made of knotted ropes that are attached to the ground and that serve as closures for doors of cellars and caves, one may untie the knot, but one may not unravel the rope itself into its constituent fibers nor cut the rope. This constitutes the prohibited labor of dismantling the cellar or cave on Shabbat. With regard to fastenings that are on the doors of vessels, e.g., cupboards, it is permitted to untie, or unravel, or cut them if necessary, both on Shabbat and on a Festival, as the prohibition against dismantling does not apply to vessels. The Gemara raises an objection to this from the following baraita: In a case of fastenings that are attached to the ground, which are on doors, on Shabbat one may untie the rope but not unravel or cut it. Although it is permitted to do so by Torah law, the Sages prohibited it. However, on a Festival, one may untie or unravel or cut it, as this is not prohibited even by rabbinic law. This appears to contradict the opinion of Shmuel, who does not differentiate between Shabbat and Festivals.

Source 2 · Chazal
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Beitzah 32b

ביצה ל״ב ב — ד"ה גְּמָ׳ מַאי טַעְמָא — מִשּׁוּם דְּקָא

Beitzah 32b:10

The sugya discusses actions involving vessels and fuel on Yom Tov, including concerns related to creating or repairing usable objects. It is a primary Talmudic source for the principle that vessel-making issues can apply on Yom Tov even amid food preparation.

גְּמָ׳ מַאי טַעְמָא — מִשּׁוּם דְּקָא מְתַקֵּן מָנָא.

GEMARA: With regard to the issue of breaking earthenware and cutting paper, the Gemara explains: What is the reason for this prohibition? Because one is thereby preparing a vessel for use.

Source 3 · Chazal
Verified

Shabbat 146a

שבת קמ״ו א — ד"ה מַתְנִי׳ שׁוֹבֵר אָדָם אֶת הֶחָבִית לֶאֱכוֹל

Shabbat 146a:3

Discusses opening and creating an opening in a container, including the relationship between a preexisting opening and the prohibition of making a functional opening. This is a key basis for analyzing sealed packaging.

מַתְנִי׳ שׁוֹבֵר אָדָם אֶת הֶחָבִית לֶאֱכוֹל הֵימֶנָּה גְּרוֹגְרוֹת וּבִלְבַד שֶׁלֹּא יִתְכַּוֵּין לַעֲשׂוֹת כְּלִי. וְאֵין נוֹקְבִין מְגוּפָה שֶׁל חָבִית, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי יְהוּדָה. וַחֲכָמִים מַתִּירִין, וְלֹא יִקְּבֶנָּה מִצִּדָּהּ. וְאִם הָיְתָה נְקוּבָה, לֹא יִתֵּן עָלֶיהָ שַׁעֲוָה, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא מְמָרֵחַ. אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוּדָה: מַעֲשֶׂה בָּא לִפְנֵי רַבָּן יוֹחָנָן בֶּן זַכַּאי בַּעֲרָב, וְאָמַר: חוֹשְׁשַׁנִי לוֹ מֵחַטָּאת. תָּנוּ רַבָּנַן: אֵין נוֹקְבִין נֶקֶב חָדָשׁ בְּשַׁבָּת, וְאִם בָּא לְהוֹסִיף — מוֹסִיף. וְיֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים: אֵין מוֹסִיפִין. וְשָׁוִין, שֶׁנּוֹקְבִין נֶקֶב יָשָׁן לְכַתְּחִילָּה. וְתַנָּא קַמָּא: מַאי שְׁנָא מִנֶּקֶב חָדָשׁ דְּלָא — דְּקָא מְתַקֵּן פִּיתְחָא, אוֹסוֹפֵי נָמֵי — קָא מְתַקֵּן פִּיתְחָא!

MISHNA: A person may break a barrel on Shabbat in order to eat dried figs from it, provided he does not intend to make a vessel. And one may not perforate the plug of a barrel to extract wine from it; rather, one must remove the plug entirely to avoid creating a new opening for the barrel. This is the statement of Rabbi Yehuda. And the Rabbis permit puncturing the plug, but they too restrict this leniency and say that one may not perforate the plug of the barrel on its side. And if it was already perforated, one may not apply wax to it to seal the hole, because in doing so he spreads the wax evenly on the barrel and thereby violates the prohibited labor of smoothing. Rabbi Yehuda said: An incident of that kind came before Rabban Yoḥanan ben Zakkai in the city of Arav, and he said: I am concerned for him, because he may be liable to bring a sin-offering as a result of this. The Sages taught in a baraita: One may not create a new hole in a vessel on Shabbat. And if one seeks to add to and widen an already existing hole, one may add to it; and some say that one may not even add to an already existing hole. And all opinions, even those who generally prohibit creating new holes, agree that one may perforate the seal over an old hole, even ab initio. And with regard to the opinion of the first tanna, the Gemara asks: What is different about perforating the seal over an old hole that makes it permitted, whereas creating a new hole is not permitted? Is it because in creating the new hole he is creating an opening? If so, by adding to an already existing hole he is also creating an opening.

Source 4 · Chazal
Verified

Shabbat 122b

שבת קכ״ב ב

Shabbat 122b

The sugya addresses breaking or opening containers and the circumstances in which doing so is viewed as destructive rather than as constructive vessel-making. It informs the classification of opening disposable packaging.

הדרן עלך כל כתבי מַתְנִי׳ כׇּל הַכֵּלִים נִיטָּלִין בַּשַּׁבָּת, וְדַלְתוֹתֵיהֶן עִמָּהֶן, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁנִּתְפָּרְקוּ בַּשַּׁבָּת. שֶׁאֵינָן דּוֹמִין לְדַלְתוֹת הַבַּיִת, לְפִי שֶׁאֵינָן מִן הַמּוּכָן.

MISHNA: All vessels may be moved on Shabbat, and their doors, which are part of these vessels, along with them, even if they were dismantled on Shabbat, as the doors of these vessels are unlike the doors of the house. It is prohibited to make use of the doors of a house on Shabbat, even if they were removed from the entrance, because they are not prepared from before Shabbat. Likewise a person may move a mallet, which is generally used for labor prohibited on Shabbat, to crack nuts with it.

See also

Source 5 · Chazal
Verified

Shabbat 48a

שבת מ״ח א — ד"ה רַב חִסְדָּא שְׁרָא לְאַהְדּוֹרֵי אוּדְרָא לְבֵי

Shabbat 48a:9

Contains discussion of making and completing vessels, including acts that constitute repair or functional completion. The concept of creating a usable receptacle is relevant when a wrapper becomes a vessel through opening.

רַב חִסְדָּא שְׁרָא לְאַהְדּוֹרֵי אוּדְרָא לְבֵי סַדְיָא בְּשַׁבְּתָא. אֵיתִיבֵיהּ רַב חָנָן בַּר חִסְדָּא לְרַב חִסְדָּא: מַתִּירִין בֵּית הַצַּוָּאר בְּשַׁבָּת, אֲבָל לֹא פּוֹתְחִין. וְאֵין נוֹתְנִין אֶת הַמּוֹכִין לֹא לְתוֹךְ הַכַּר וְלֹא לְתוֹךְ הַכֶּסֶת בְּיוֹם טוֹב, וְאֵין צָרִיךְ לוֹמַר בְּשַׁבָּת. לָא קַשְׁיָא, הָא בְּחַדְתֵי הָא בְּעַתִּיקֵי. תַּנְיָא נָמֵי הָכִי: אֵין נוֹתְנִין אֶת הַמּוֹכִין לֹא לְתוֹךְ הַכַּר וְלֹא לְתוֹךְ הַכֶּסֶת בְּיוֹם טוֹב, וְאֵין צָרִיךְ לוֹמַר בְּשַׁבָּת. נָשְׁרוּ, מַחֲזִירִין אוֹתָן בְּשַׁבָּת, וְאֵין צָרִיךְ לוֹמַר בְּיוֹם טוֹב.

The Gemara relates that Rav Ḥisda permitted returning stuffing to the pillow from which it had fallen on Shabbat. Rav Ḥanan bar Ḥisda raised an objection to the opinion of Rav Ḥisda from a baraita: One may untie the neck opening of a shirt on Shabbat if it had been tied by the launderer; however, one may not open a new neck opening for the first time on Shabbat. And one may not place soft material into a pillow or into a cushion on a Festival, and, needless to say, one may not do so on Shabbat. This baraita contradicts the ruling issued by Rav Ḥisda. The Gemara answers: This is not difficult. This, the baraita is referring to new pillows, whereas that, the statement of Rav Ḥisda is referring to old pillows. Stuffing a pillow for the first time on Shabbat is prohibited because by so doing one fashions a new utensil. However, if the stuffing fell out of the pillow, refilling the pillow is permitted even on Shabbat. The Gemara notes: That opinion was also taught in a baraita: One may not place soft material as stuffing into a pillow or into a cushion on a Festival, and needless to say one may not do so on Shabbat. However, if the stuffing fell out, it may be replaced even on Shabbat, and needless to say that doing so is permitted on a Festival.

Source 6 · Chazal
Verified

Beitzah 8

ביצה ח׳ — ד"ה וְהָא מִדְּקָתָנֵי סֵיפָא

Beitzah 8:2

Rava rules that one may not use an article on a Festival for a purpose not contemplated beforehand; one may use it for an uncertain purpose if one originally prepared it for that uncertain case, but not for a certain purpose if one originally prepared it only for a different certain purpose.

אֶלָּא אָמַר רָבָא: אֵפֶר כִּירָה דַּעְתּוֹ לְוַדַּאי, וְאֵין דַּעְתּוֹ לְסָפֵק. וְאַזְדָּא רָבָא לְטַעְמֵיהּ, דְּאָמַר רָבָא: הִכְנִיס עָפָר לְכַסּוֹת בּוֹ צוֹאָה — מוּתָּר לְכַסּוֹת בּוֹ דַּם צִפּוֹר. דַּם צִפּוֹר — אָסוּר לְכַסּוֹת בּוֹ צוֹאָה.

Rather, the Gemara rejects the previous explanation, in favor of the following. Rava said: One’s initial intention is to use the ashes of a stove for a mitzva that is definite, and he does not have this intention for cases of uncertainty. One may not use an article on a Festival for a purpose which he did not have in mind beforehand. The Gemara comments: And Rava follows his regular line of reasoning in this regard, as Rava said: If one brought in earth in order to cover a baby’s excrement with it on a Festival, it is likewise permitted to cover with it the blood of a slaughtered bird. Since he prepared this earth for a case of uncertainty, as it is possible that the baby will not soil the house, he certainly intended to use it for covering the blood of a bird prepared before the Festival for slaughter. If, however, one prepared the earth at the outset to cover the blood of a bird, it is prohibited to cover excrement with it, as he did not know in advance that he would require the earth for this purpose. He had only definite uses in mind, not possible ones such as covering excrement.

Source 7 · Chazal
Verified

Beitzah 21

ביצה כ״א — ד"ה הוּרְצָה

Beitzah 21:1

Rav Huna rules that villagers obligated by authorities to supply flour and bread to gentile troops may bake on a Festival if the soldiers permit their bread to be given to Jewish children (making each loaf fit for Jewish use), but it is prohibited if the soldiers do not allow others to consume their bread.

אָמַר רַב חִסְדָּא בְּהֵמָה חֶצְיָהּ שֶׁל גּוֹי וְחֶצְיָהּ שֶׁל יִשְׂרָאֵל — מוּתָּר לְשׇׁחְטָהּ בְּיוֹם טוֹב, דְּאִי אֶפְשָׁר לִכְזַיִת בָּשָׂר בְּלֹא שְׁחִיטָה. עִיסָּה חֶצְיָהּ שֶׁל גּוֹי וְחֶצְיָהּ שֶׁל יִשְׂרָאֵל — אָסוּר לֶאֱפוֹתָהּ בְּיוֹם טוֹב, דְּהָא אֶפְשָׁר לֵיהּ לְמִפְלְגַהּ בְּלֵישָׁה. אֶלָּא: לָא תֵּימָא ״הוֹאִיל וְאֶפְשָׁר״, אֶלָּא כְּגוֹן דְּאִית לֵיהּ נְבֵלָה, דְּוַדַּאי אֶפְשָׁר לְפַיְּיסַן בִּנְבֵלָה. בְּעוֹ מִנֵּיהּ מֵרַב הוּנָא: הָנֵי בְּנֵי בָּאגָא דִּרְמוֹ עֲלַיְיהוּ קִמְחָא דִּבְנֵי חֵילָא מַהוּ לֶאֱפוֹתָהּ בְּיוֹם טוֹב? אֲמַר (לֵיהּ): חֲזֵינָא אִי יָהֲבִי לֵיהּ רִפְתָּא לְיָנוֹקָא וְלָא קָפְדִי, כׇּל חֲדָא וַחֲדָא חַזְיָא לְיָנוֹקָא, וּשְׁרֵי. וְאִי לָאו — אָסוּר.

In continuation of the previous discussion, Rav Ḥisda said: A jointly owned animal, half of which belongs to a gentile and half to a Jew, may be slaughtered on a Festival because it is impossible to obtain an olive-bulk of meat without slaughtering. However, with regard to dough, half of which belongs to a gentile and half to a Jew, it is prohibited to bake it on a Festival, as it is possible for him to divide it in half during the kneading and bake only the part that belongs to the Jew. Rather, the Gemara retracts its previous answer: Do not say that dough for dogs is different, since it is possible that one of his animals will die and he will appease the dogs with the carcass. Rather, the reference here is to a case where he has a carcass ready, so that it is certainly possible to appease them with the carcass. Consequently, when the shepherds bake the dough, it is highly likely that they will consume it all themselves. § They raised a dilemma before Rav Huna: With regard to the Jewish residents of a village [baga] upon whom the authorities imposed the obligation to supply flour and bread to the gentile military troops serving in the area, what is the halakha with regard to baking it on a Festival? Rav Huna said to them: We examine the matter: If those villagers can give bread from the soldiers’ quota to a child and the soldiers are not particular about it, then each and every one of the loaves is fit for a Jewish child, and therefore it is permitted to bake them. But if the soldiers do not allow anyone else to partake of their bread, it is prohibited to bake the loaves for them on a Festival.

Source 8 · Chazal
Verified

Shabbat 139

שבת קל״ט — ד"ה וְלָא יָדַעְנָא אִי מִלְּפָנֶיהָ אִי מִלְּאַחֲרֶיהָ

Shabbat 139:2

On Yom Tov, one may use artifice by first suspending pomegranates in a strainer for a permitted purpose, and then use that already-suspended strainer to strain sediment from wine, provided it is evident that pomegranates were actually suspended in it first.

אָמַר רַבָּה בַּר רַב הוּנָא: מַעֲרִים אָדָם עַל הַמְשַׁמֶּרֶת בְּיוֹם טוֹב לִתְלוֹת בָּהּ רִמּוֹנִים, וְתוֹלֶה בָּהּ שְׁמָרִים. אָמַר רַב אָשֵׁי: וְהוּא דְּתָלָה בָּהּ רִמּוֹנִים.

Rabba bar Rav Huna said: According to the Rabbis, who prohibit suspending a strainer on a Festival, a person may nevertheless employ artifice and circumvent the prohibition against suspending a strainer by taking it on a Festival and suspending it for the purpose of pomegranates in it, which is permitted. Once the strainer is suspended, he may suspend it in order to filter sediment from the wine, as even the Rabbis hold that on a Festival it is permitted to do this straining through a strainer that is already suspended. Rav Ashi said: And this is only permitted provided that he actually suspended pomegranates in it before using it to strain wine. It must be obvious to all that he used the strainer in a permitted manner.

Source 9 · Rishonim
Verified

Mishneh Torah, Sabbath 23:1-6

משנה תורה, הלכות שבת כ״ג:א׳-ו׳

Mishneh Torah, Sabbath 23:1-6

Rambam codifies construction, destruction, and the making of openings or vessels on Shabbat. These halakhic categories are the principal conceptual background for determining whether opening a package creates a functional receptacle.

נוֹקְבִין מְגוּפָה שֶׁל חָבִית לְהוֹצִיא מִמֶּנָּה יַיִן וּבִלְבַד שֶׁיְּנַקְּבֶנָּהּ מִלְּמַעְלָה אֲבָל מִצִּדָּהּ אָסוּר מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא כִּמְתַקֵּן כְּלִי. שׁוֹבֵר אָדָם אֶת הֶחָבִית לֶאֱכל מִמֶּנָּה גְּרוֹגָרוֹת וּבִלְבַד שֶׁלֹּא יִתְכַּוֵּן לַעֲשׂוֹת כְּלִי. וּמֵבִיא אָדָם חָבִית שֶׁל יַיִן וּמַתִּיז אֶת רֹאשָׁהּ בְּסַיִף לִפְנֵי הָאוֹרְחִין וְאֵינוֹ חוֹשֵׁשׁ. שֶׁאֵין כַּוָּנָתוֹ אֶלָּא לְהַרְאוֹת נְדִיבַת לִבּוֹ:

One may make a hole in the seal of a cask in order to pour out wine from it, provided one opens it from the top. It is, however, forbidden to open it from the side [of the seal], for this resembles making a utensil. A person may break a barrel to eat dried figs contained in it, provided he does not intend to make a utensil. Similarly, a person may bring a cask of wine and slash its top off with a sword for his guests without any concern [about the above restrictions], for his intent is [not to make a utensil, but solely] to show his feelings of generosity.

Source 10 · Acharonim
Verified

Shulchan Arukh, Orach Chayim 519

שולחן ערוך, אורח חיים תקי״ט

Shulchan Arukh, Orach Chayim 519

Sets out the Yom Tov framework for melakhot performed for food preparation and the limits of actions not needed for the day's food. Opening packaging on Yom Tov must therefore be assessed both under the laws of containers and under ochel nefesh.

להתיר ולהפקיע ולחתוך חותמו' שבכלים ושבקרקע ולשכור פותחות כדינם בשבת כך דינם בי"ט:

Source 11 · Acharonim
Verified

Shulchan Arukh, Orach Chayim 314

שולחן ערוך, אורח חיים שי״ד — ד"ה דברים האסורים משום בנין וסתירה בשבת

Shulchan Arukh, Orach Chayim 314:1

The governing laws of breaking, opening, and making vessels on Shabbat are codified here. The distinctions between destroying a container, making an opening, and creating a usable receptacle provide the central framework for analogous Yom Tov cases, subject to Yom Tov-specific rules.

דברים האסורים משום בנין וסתירה בשבת. ובו יב סעיפים: אין בנין וסתירה בכלים והני מילי שאינו בנין ממש כגון חבית הגה שאינה מוחזקת ארבעים סאה (ת"ה סי' ס"ה) שנשברה ודיבק שבריה בזפת יכול לשברה ליקח מה שבתוכה ובלבד שלא יכוין לנקבה נקב יפה שיהיה לה לפתח דא"כ הוה ליה מתקן מנא אבל אם היא שלימה אסור לשברה אפי' בענין שאינו עושה כלי ואפילו נקב בעלמא אסור לנקוב בה מחדש ואפי' יש בה נקב חדש אם להרחיבו אסור: הגה ובלבד שיתכוין לכך (מרדכי פרק חבית) ואם היה סכין תקוע מערב שבת בחבית מותר להוציאו ולהכניסו שהרי אינו מתכוין להוסיף: הגה ודוקא שהוציאו ג"כ פעם אחת מבעוד יום אבל אם לא הוציאו מבעוד יום אסור דהוי פסיק רישיה דעושה נקב ופתח לחבית (ת"ה סי' ס"ד) כלי שנתרועעה אם מותר ליטול ממנו חרס ע"ל סי' ש"ח סעיף מ"ד: חותמות שבכלים כגון שידה תיבה ומגדל שהכסוי שלהם קשור בהם בחבל יכול להתירו או לחתכו בסכין או להתיר קליעתו ודוקא כעין קשירת חבל וכיוצא בו אבל פותחת של עץ ושל מתכת אסור להפקיע ולשבר דבכלים נמי שייך בנין גמור וסתירה ומטעם זה אסור להסיר הצירים שקורים גוגזי"ש שאחורי התיבה אם נאבד המפתח ויש מתירים בזו ושבירת פותחות של תיבות יש מתיר ויש אוסר ויש להתיר ע"י עכו"ם: חותלות של תמרים וגרוגרות אם הכסוי קשור בחבל מתיר וסותר שרשרות החבל וחותך אפי' בסכין ואפי' גופן של חותלות שכל זה כמו ששובר אגוזים או שקדים כדי ליטול האוכל שבהם:

1. Construction and demolishing do not apply to Keilim which are not themselves a complete construction, for example a barrel RAMA: (that does not hold 40-se’ah)made of pieces bonded together with pitch, may be broken in order to take out what is inside, provided that one does not intend to cut a fine hole that will be used as an opening, because then it is called making a Keili. If it is a perfect article it is forbidden to break it even if one does not transform it into a Keili. It is forbidden even to create a small hole and a new hole may not be widened. RAMA: provided that one intends it. (Mordechai) If a knife was wedged into the barrel before Shabbos it is permitted to withdraw it and replace it because one does not intend to widen it. RAMA: As long as it was extracted once before Shabbos, but if not it is forbidden because surely it will be creating a hole and an opening to the barrel. If one is permitted to break a piece off a broken Keili, see Siman 308:44. 7. The ropes that seal the various types of container covers may be untied, or slashed with a knife or unraveled. This only applies to rope and its sort, but as for wooden or metal clasps it is forbidden to take apart or to break, because total demolishing applies to Keilim as well. Therefore it is forbidden to remove the hinges called “gonzish”, which are on the back of a chest when the key is missing. Yet there are those who permit this. As for breaking the clasp of a chest, there is an opinion that permits it and an opinion that forbids it, and it is permitted through a non-Jew. 8. The rope tying the lids of baskets filled with dates and figs may be untied, unraveled or cut even using a knife. Even the basket itself may be slashed because it is comparable to cracking open nuts or almonds in order to retrieve the food within.

See also

Source 12 · Acharonim
Verified

Shulchan Arukh, Orach Chayim

שולחן ערוך, אורח חיים ש״מ — ד"ה אין שוברים החרס ואין קורעין הנייר

Shulchan Arukh, Orach Chayim 340:13

One may not break ceramic or tear paper on Yom Tov because doing so resembles preparing a vessel for use.

אין שוברים החרס ואין קורעין הנייר מפני שהוא כמתקן כלי:

13. We do not break ceramic or tear paper because this is like preparing a vessel for use.

Source 13 · Acharonim
Verified

Shulchan Arukh HaRav, Orach Chayim 314

שולחן ערוך הרב, אורח חיים שי״ד

Shulchan Arukh HaRav, Orach Chayim 314

Provides an organized practical treatment of opening containers, making openings, and destroying vessels. It is particularly useful for applying the rules to modern disposable packaging and to the intention to retain the opened wrapper as a container.

וּבִלְבַד שֶׁלֹּא יִתְכַּוֵּן לְנָקְבָהּ נֶקֶב יָפֶה שֶׁיְּהֵא לָהּ לְפֶתַח נָאֶה, שֶׁאִם כֵּן הֲרֵי הוּא מְתַקֵּן כְּלִי, וְחַיָּב מִשּׁוּם "מַכֶּה בַּפַּטִּישׁ", כְּמוֹ שֶׁיִּתְבָּאֵר. אֲבָל כְּשֶׁאֵינוֹ מִתְכַּוֵּן לְכָךְ — מֻתָּר, וְלֹא גָזְרוּ שֶׁמָּא יִתְכַּוֵּן לְכָךְ, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁחָבִית הַשְּׁבוּרָה וּדְבוּקָה בְּזֶפֶת הִיא גְרוּעָה בְּעֵינָיו, וְאֵינוֹ חוֹשֵׁשׁ עָלֶיהָ כְּשֶׁחוֹזֵר וְשׁוֹבְרָהּ לְתַקֵּן לָהּ פֶּתַח נָאֶה. אֲבָל אִם הִיא שְׁלֵמָה — אָסוּר לְשַׁבְּרָהּ אֲפִלּוּ בְּעִנְיָן שֶׁאֵינוֹ מְתַקֵּן לָהּ פֶּתַח נָאֶה, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁסְּתִירַת בִּנְיָן גָּמוּר אֲסוּרָה אַף בְּכֵלִים.

Source 14 · Acharonim
Verified

Arukh HaShulchan, Orach Chaim 314

ערוך השולחן, אורח חיים שי״ד

Arukh HaShulchan, Orach Chaim 314

Reviews the laws of opening and breaking vessels and addresses the practical rationale behind treating certain containers as disposable or non-vessel-like. It helps frame the status of modern packaging.

ורק שנינו שם: "ובלבד שלא יתכוין לעשות כלי", כלומר שלא ידקדק לעשות נקב יפה, דאם כן הוה כסותר על מנת לבנות, דאסור גם בכלים כמ"ש, וכן כתב הרמב"ם.

Source 15 · Acharonim
Verified

Beit Yosef, Orach Chayim 314

בית יוסף, אורח חיים שי״ד

Beit Yosef, Orach Chayim 314

Analyzes the Tur's treatment of opening containers and the categories of making an opening and destroying a vessel. It provides the principal Rishon-era background to the codified law.

ומ"ש רבינו ובלבד שלא יתכוין לנוקבה נקב יפה וכו' פרק חבית (שם) במשנה שובר אדם את החבית לאכול ממנה גרוגרות ובלבד שלא יתכוין לעשות לה כלי ופירש"י שלא יתכוין לעשות לה כלי לנוקבה יפה בפתח נאה: ומ"ש אבל אם היא שלימה אסור אפילו לשוברה כלומר אצ"ל שאסור לנוקבה יפה בפתח נאה דמתקן מנא אלא אפי' לשוברה בענין שאינו עושה כלי אסור וטעמו משום דכל שהכלי שלם שאינו מדובק במוסתקי שייך ביה בנין וסתירה כמו שנתבאר:

Source 16 · Acharonim
Verified

Mishnah Berurah 314

משנה ברורה שי״ד — ד"ה (לא) או לחתכו בסכין וכו' -

Mishnah Berurah 314:31

Explains the practical parameters of opening containers and packets, including when an opening is considered constructive and when one is merely incidental. It also discusses concerns of making or repairing a vessel.

(לא) או לחתכו בסכין וכו' - ולא מקרי סותר משום דלאו סתירה גמורה היא זו ואינו אסור בכלים לכו"ע משא"כ בשבירת פותחת של עץ ומתכת דהוי סתירה גמורה ושייך אף בכלים: (לז) ע"י א"י - ויש שכתבו דדוקא בהפסד מרובה או שנחפז הרבה לצורך מצוה. וכ"ז בשבירת הפותחת אבל לפתוח אותו בסכין או במחט גדול שרי אפילו דלת של בית [אחרונים]:

Source 17 · Acharonim
Verified

Magen Avraham 314

מגן אברהם שי״ד

Magen Avraham 314

Discusses opening containers and the significance of intending to use the resulting opening or container. Its analysis helps distinguish a transient opening made to access food from a package deliberately converted into a receptacle.

דמחמת גריעות' לא חייס עליה וליכא למיחש שמא יתכוין לעשות כלי (תוס' ורא"ש): כתב הרמב"ם פכ"ג העושה נקב שהוא עשוי להכניס ולהוצי' כגון נקב שבלול התרנגולים שהוא עשוי להכניס האור ולהוצי' ההבל חייב משום מכה בפטיש לפיכך גזרו על כל נקב אפי' עשוי להכניס או להוצי' בלבד שמא יבא לעשות נקב שחייבין עליו והקשה הכ"מ בפ"י דהא כת' דחייב משום בונ' ול"נ דהכא מיירי בלול שאינה מחוברת לקרקע ולית בה בנין וכתב עוד העושה נקב כ"ש בין בעץ בין בבנין בין במתכת בין בכלים חייב משום מכה בפטיש והוא שיהא עשוי להכניס ולהוציא

Source 18 · Modern
External

פתיחת אריזת מזון או קופסת קפה וכד' בשבת

תשובות והנהגות, ח״ג סי׳ ק״ח

Teshuvos V'hanhagos 3:108

The author permits tearing open a food package on Shabbat if done destructively (derech hashachata) when the paper seal is no longer necessary to preserve freshness, and holds this is allowed even according to rabbinic law.

ובמאכל אם פותח בדרך השחתה, באופן שאינו צריך להנייר בראש הקופסא לשמור הטריות, נראה שמותר גם מדרבנן

On this pageThe author discusses whether it is permissible to tear the paper seal of a food package or coffee container on Shabbat. He argues that if the package is opened in a destructive manner (derech hashachata) and the paper seal is no longer needed to maintain freshness, doing so is permitted even rabbinically.

Teshuvos V'hanhagos 3:108 — page scan on HebrewBooks
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Source 19 · Modern
External

אם מותר לקרוע קופסא של סוכר )שוגער באקס( בשבת.

מנחת יצחק, ח״א סי׳ ע״ז

Minchas Yitzchak 1:77

The author discusses whether one may tear open a sugar box on Shabbat by making an opening for pouring, addressing whether this constitutes damage or instead a beneficial repair.

ע"ד מה ששאל כ"ת. אם מותר לקרוע קופסא של סוכר (צוקערבאקס) בשבת, כשעושין רק פתח. ואם כן אין כאן קלקול, ואדרבה הוי תקון

On this pageThe author discusses the permissibility of tearing open a sugar box on Shabbat to create an opening for pouring. He analyzes whether this act violates the prohibitions of tearing or making a vessel, concluding that while there are halachic concerns, there is room for leniency regarding disposable cardboard packaging that is discarded after use, especially when opened in a destructive manner or for the needs of a child.

Minchas Yitzchak 1:77 — page scan on HebrewBooks
Page 147

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  • אין בנין וסתירה בכלים וה"מ שאינו בנין ממש כגון חבית שנשברה ודיבק שבריה בזפת יכול לשברה ליקח מה שבתוכה ובלבד שלא יכוין לנוקבה נקב יפה שיהא לה לפתח דא"כ הוה ליה מתקן מנא אבל אם היא שלימה אסור אפי' לשוברה ואפי' נקב בעלמא אסור לנקוב בה מחדש ואפי' יש בה נקב חדש ובא להרחיבו אסור היה בו נקב ונסתם אם הוא למטה מן השמרים אסור לפותחו דכיון שהוא למטה וכל כובד היין עליו צריך סתימה מעלייתא וחשיב כפותח מחדש למעלה מן השמרים מותר לפותחו:

    Same passage as Shulchan Arukh, Orach Chayim 314:1

  • Filed under: ל"ט מלאכות

  • Shabbat 93bunverified

    Filed under: מלאכות שבת

  • Filed under: הכנת מים

  • Eruvin 28bunverified

    Filed under: The Meal, Itself

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