Yamim Tovimימים טובים

Tisha B'Av Transformed Into Joy at Redemption

Classical and modern Jewish sources explore the prophetic vision that Tisha B'Av, currently observed as a day of fasting and mourning over the destruction of Jerusalem, will be transformed into a festival of joy and celebration in the messianic era. The sources address how national suffering and exile will give way to rebuilt Jerusalem, the ingathering of exiles, and universal redemption.

עתיד הקב״ה להפוך תשעה באב לשמחה

11 sources · all verified

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What the sources say

The root pasuk underlying all of these sources is Zechariah 8:18-19, which declares explicitly that the four commemorative fasts — including the fast of the fifth month, Tisha B'Av — will become "occasions for joy and gladness, happy festivals for the House of Judah."

The Gemara in Rosh Hashanah 18b wrestles with the tension in that pasuk between calling these days both "fasts" and "times of joy," resolving that in times of peace they become days of rejoicing, but notes that Tisha B'Av is distinct from the other fasts because multiple catastrophes were multiplied upon it — the destruction of both Temples, the fall of Beitar, and the plowing of Jerusalem — suggesting it requires something more than ordinary peace to be transformed.

The Rambam (Mishneh Torah, Fasts 5:19) rules definitively that all these fasts are destined to be nullified in the Messianic era and, beyond mere nullification, to become days of joy, gladness, and festivals, citing Zechariah as his proof.

Both Yalkut Shimoni on Nach 998:2 and Yalkut Shimoni on Nach 1043:4 state that the Holy One will overturn Tisha B'Av into joy and gladness and festivals, linking that transformation directly to God Himself rebuilding Jerusalem and gathering the exiles of Israel within it.

Source 1 · Tanach
Verified

Isaiah 52:8-10

ישעיהו נ״ב:ח׳-י׳

Isaiah 52:8-10

The prophet envisions the public redemption of Zion, with watchmen singing and all nations seeing God's salvation. It provides the broader prophetic frame for mourning over the destruction turning into revealed redemption.

ק֥וֹל צֹפַ֛יִךְ נָ֥שְׂאוּ ק֖וֹל יַחְדָּ֣ו יְרַנֵּ֑נוּ כִּ֣י עַ֤יִן בְּעַ֙יִן֙ יִרְא֔וּ בְּשׁ֥וּב יְהֹוָ֖ה צִיּֽוֹן׃ פִּצְח֤וּ רַנְּנוּ֙ יַחְדָּ֔ו חׇרְב֖וֹת יְרוּשָׁלָ֑͏ִם כִּֽי־נִחַ֤ם יְהֹוָה֙ עַמּ֔וֹ גָּאַ֖ל יְרוּשָׁלָֽ͏ִם׃

Hark! Your lookouts raise their voices, As one they shout for joy; For every eye shall behold GOD ’s return to Zion. Raise a shout together, O ruins of Jerusalem! For GOD will comfort this people, Will redeem Jerusalem.

Source 2 · Tanach
Verified

Jeremiah 31:12-13

ירמיהו ל״א:י״ב-י״ג

Jeremiah 31:12-13

Jeremiah describes the return of the exiles as a reversal of mourning into joy and consolation. The passage is often read as part of the transformation of national grief in the future redemption.

אָ֣ז תִּשְׂמַ֤ח בְּתוּלָה֙ בְּמָח֔וֹל וּבַחֻרִ֥ים וּזְקֵנִ֖ים יַחְדָּ֑ו וְהָפַכְתִּ֨י אֶבְלָ֤ם לְשָׂשׂוֹן֙ וְנִ֣חַמְתִּ֔ים וְשִׂמַּחְתִּ֖ים מִיגוֹנָֽם׃

Then shall maidens dance gaily, Young men and old alike. I will turn their mourning to joy, I will comfort them and cheer them in their grief.

Source 3 · Tanach
Verified

Zechariah 8:18-19

זכריה ח׳:י״ח-י״ט

Zechariah 8:18-19

Zechariah turns the fast days of the exile into days of joy and gladness when Jerusalem is restored. This is a key prophetic basis for the idea that the fasts, including the Ninth of Av, will be transformed in the messianic era.

כֹּֽה־אָמַ֞ר יְהֹוָ֣ה צְבָא֗וֹת צ֣וֹם הָרְבִיעִ֡י וְצ֣וֹם הַחֲמִישִׁי֩ וְצ֨וֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִ֜י וְצ֣וֹם הָעֲשִׂירִ֗י יִהְיֶ֤ה לְבֵית־יְהוּדָה֙ לְשָׂשׂ֣וֹן וּלְשִׂמְחָ֔ה וּֽלְמֹעֲדִ֖ים טוֹבִ֑ים וְהָאֱמֶ֥ת וְהַשָּׁל֖וֹם אֱהָֽבוּ׃ {פ}

Thus said GOD of Hosts: The fast of the fourth month, the fast of the fifth month, the fast of the seventh month, and the fast of the tenth month shall become occasions for joy and gladness, happy festivals for the House of Judah; but you must love honesty and integrity.

Source 4 · Chazal
Verified

Eruvin 43b

עירובין מ״ג ב — ד"ה וְאָסוּר לִשְׁתּוֹת יַיִן כׇּל יְמוֹת הַחוֹל

Eruvin 43b:1

According to the Tanach, Elijah will arrive the day before the Messiah comes; since Elijah has not arrived, one may conclude the Messiah will not come that day and may drink wine on weekdays—but even if Elijah does not come on Shabbat eve (due to the trouble involved), the Messiah himself may still arrive on Shabbat eve, for once he comes all nations will serve the Jewish people and assist in preparing for Shabbat.

וְאָסוּר לִשְׁתּוֹת יַיִן כׇּל יְמוֹת הַחוֹל. שָׁאנֵי הָתָם, דְּאָמַר קְרָא: ״הִנֵּה אָנֹכִי שֹׁלֵחַ לָכֶם אֵת אֵלִיָּה הַנָּבִיא וְגוֹ׳״, וְהָא לָא אֲתָא אֵלִיָּהוּ מֵאֶתְמוֹל. קָא סָלְקָא דַּעְתָּךְ מִדְּאֵלִיָּהוּ לָא אֲתָא, מָשִׁיחַ נָמֵי לָא אָתֵי, בְּמַעֲלֵי שַׁבְּתָא לִישְׁתְּרֵי! אֵלִיָּהוּ לָא אָתֵי, מָשִׁיחַ אָתֵי. דְּכֵיוָן דְּאָתֵי מְשִׁיחָא — הַכֹּל עֲבָדִים הֵן לְיִשְׂרָאֵל.

However, he is prohibited to drink wine on all weekdays, in case the Messiah has come and he has not yet been informed. The Gemara answers: It is different there, as the verse stated: “Behold I will send you Elijah the prophet, before the coming of the great and dreadful day of the Lord; and he shall turn the heart of the fathers to the children, and the heart of the children to their fathers” (Malachi 3:23–24). This verse teaches that Elijah will arrive the day before the coming of the Messiah. Since Elijah did not come the previous day, the Messiah will not come today, and therefore he may drink. The Gemara comments: It might enter your mind to say that since Elijah will not come on Shabbat eve due to the trouble involved, the Messiah will also not come then, and if so, on Shabbat eve he should also be permitted to drink wine. However, this reasoning is rejected: It is only Elijah who will not arrive on Shabbat eve, but the Messiah himself may arrive, for once the Messiah comes, all the nations will be subservient to the Jewish people, and they will help them prepare whatever is needed for Shabbat.

Source 5 · Chazal
Verified

Rosh Hashanah 18b

ראש השנה י״ח ב — ד"ה דְּאָמַר רַב חָנָא בַּר בִּיזְנָא אָמַר

Rosh Hashanah 18b:1

This sugya discusses the fasts connected with calamity and redemption, including the prophetic promise that they will be transformed in times of peace. It is a core source for the future-reversal of the fast days.

דְּאָמַר רַב חָנָא בַּר בִּיזְנָא אָמַר רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן חֲסִידָא, מַאי דִּכְתִיב: ״כֹּה אָמַר ה׳ צְבָאוֹת צוֹם הָרְבִיעִי וְצוֹם הַחֲמִישִׁי וְצוֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִי וְצוֹם הָעֲשִׂירִי יִהְיֶה לְבֵית יְהוּדָה לְשָׂשׂוֹן וּלְשִׂמְחָה״. קָרֵי לְהוּ ״צוֹם״, וְקָרֵי לְהוּ ״שָׂשׂוֹן וְשִׂמְחָה״! בִּזְמַן שֶׁיֵּשׁ שָׁלוֹם — יִהְיוּ לְשָׂשׂוֹן וּלְשִׂמְחָה, אֵין שָׁלוֹם — צוֹם. אִי הָכִי, תִּשְׁעָה בְּאָב נָמֵי? אָמַר רַב פָּפָּא: שָׁאנֵי תִּשְׁעָה בְּאָב, הוֹאִיל וְהוּכְפְּלוּ בּוֹ צָרוֹת. דְּאָמַר מָר: בְּתִשְׁעָה בְּאָב חָרַב הַבַּיִת בָּרִאשׁוֹנָה וּבַשְּׁנִיָּה, וְנִלְכְּדָה בֵּיתָר, וְנֶחֶרְשָׁה הָעִיר.

As Rav Ḥana bar Bizna said that Rabbi Shimon Ḥasida said: What is the meaning of that which is written: “Thus said the Lord of hosts: The fast of the fourth month, and the fast of the fifth, and fast of the seventh, and the fast of the tenth, shall become times of joy and gladness, and cheerful seasons, to the house of Judah” (Zechariah 8:19). It calls them days of “fast” and it calls them “times of joy and gladness.” How so? When there is peace in the world, they will be times of joy and gladness, on which eulogies and fasting are forbidden; but when there is no peace, they are days of fasting. In a time when there is no peace, why are messengers not sent out also for the fourth and tenth months, so that people can know when to observe the fasts? The Gemara asks: If so, the Ninth of Av should also be like the other fast days, that sometimes it is observed and sometimes not, depending upon the wishes of the community at the time. Why does the mishna state that messengers go out for the month of Av? Rav Pappa said: The Ninth of Av is different, since the calamities that occurred on that day were multiplied. As the Master said: On the Ninth of Av the Temple was destroyed, both the first one and the second one; on this day the city of Beitar was captured; and on this day the city of Jerusalem was plowed over by the enemies of the Jewish people, as a sign that it would never be rebuilt. Consequently, the fast of the Ninth of Av is obligatory, and not optional like the other fasts. Messengers are consequently sent out so that people will know when to fast.

Source 6 · Rishonim
Verified

Yalkut Shimoni on Nach 998:2

ילקוט שמעוני על נ"ך תתקצ״ח:ב׳

Yalkut Shimoni on Nach 998:2

The Holy One will transform Tisha B'Av into joy, as Scripture states that the fourth, fifth, seventh, and tenth fasts will become occasions of rejoicing and good festivals for the house of Yehudah, and this transformation is connected to the rebuilding of Yerushalayim and the ingathering of Israel's exiles.

עתיד הקב"ה להפוך תשעה באב לשמחה שנאמר כה אמר ה' צבאות צום הרביעי וצום החמישי וצום השביעי וצום העשירי יהיה לבית יהודה לששון ולשמחה ולמועדים טובים, ולבנות את ירושלים הוא בעצמו ולקבץ גליות ישראל לתוכה, שנאמר בונה ירושלים ה' נדחי ישראל יכנס.

Source 7 · Rishonim
Verified

Yalkut Shimoni on Nach 1043:4

ילקוט שמעוני על נ"ך תתרמ״ג:ד׳

Yalkut Shimoni on Nach 1043:4

In the future, the Holy One will transform the ninth of Av into joy and gladness and good festivals, and He Himself will rebuild Jerusalem and gather the dispersed of Israel, as it says "The Lord builds Jerusalem; He gathers in the dispersed of Israel.

השיבנו ה' אליך ונשובה, עתיד הקב"ה להפוך תשעה באב לששון ולשמחה ולמועדים טובים ולבנות הוא בעצמו את ירושלים ולקבץ גליות. שנאמר בונה ירושלים ה' נדחי ישראל יכנס:

Source 8 · Rishonim
Verified

recovered from “Rambam Introduction to the Mishnah, Seder Moed

Mishneh Torah, Fasts

משנה תורה, הלכות תעניות ה׳:י״ט

Mishneh Torah, Fasts 5:19

All the fasts, including those observed during the current period, will be abolished in the messianic era and will instead become days of celebration and joy, as the verse states that the fourth, fifth, seventh, and tenth fasts will become festivals of gladness and good times for the House of Judah.

כָּל הַצּוֹמוֹת הָאֵלּוּ עֲתִידִים לִבָּטֵל לִימוֹת הַמָּשִׁיחַ. וְלֹא עוֹד אֶלָּא שֶׁהֵם עֲתִידִים לִהְיוֹת יוֹם טוֹב וִימֵי שָׂשׂוֹן וְשִׂמְחָה שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (זכריה ח יט) "כֹּה אָמַר ה' צְבָאוֹת צוֹם הָרְבִיעִי וְצוֹם הַחֲמִישִׁי וְצוֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִי וְצוֹם הָעֲשִׂירִי יִהְיֶה לְבֵית יְהוּדָה לְשָׂשׂוֹן וּלְשִׂמְחָה וּלְמֹעֲדִים טוֹבִים וְהָאֱמֶת וְהַשָּׁלוֹם אֱהָבוּ":

All these [commemorative] fasts will be nullified in the Messianic era and, indeed ultimately, they will be transformed into holidays and days of rejoicing and celebration, as [Zechariah 8:19] states: "Thus declares the Lord of Hosts, 'The fast of the fourth [month], the fast of the fifth [month], the fast of the seventh [month] and the fast of the tenth [month] will be [times of] happiness and celebration and festivals for the House of Judah.

Source 9 · Hasidic
Verified

Shem MiShmuel, Sh'lach 5:2

שם משמואל, שלח ה׳:ב׳

Shem MiShmuel, Sh'lach 5:2

The passage explains that the months of Tammuz and Av, in which terrible afflictions befell the Jewish people, will become festivals in the future, and this is no accident; rather, it reflects the divine order of creation wherein all physical matter is sustained by supernal holiness—every substance contains an utterance of God's mouth that sustains it—and the descent of the soul into the physical world serves to elevate matter itself to holiness, just as a seed falls into dirt to produce bread from the earth, and just as the human body, which comes from earth, would have ascended with the soul after death had Adam not sinned, but death was decreed only due to that sin, with the body to be resurrected and raised to be worthy of ascending with the soul.

בענין חדשי תמוז אב ירחין דעשו ואירע לנו בהם כל הצרות בכפלים ולעתיד יהיו ראש למועדים, בודאי אין זה במקרה, ונראה דהנה סדר הבריאה שסידר הש"י שגם כל עולם הגשם והחומר ניזון מהקדושה העליונה, ובכל דבר מאכל נמצא בו מוצא פ' ה' שזה הוא הזן ומפרנס ומחי' כמ"ש האר"י ז"ל בפסוק לא על הלחם לבדו יחי' האדם כי על כל מוצא פי ה' וגו' שפירש האריז"ל מוצא פי ה' שבהלחם וכן בכל דבר ודבר נמצא בו מד' אותיות הוי' ב"ה כמ"ש הרח"ו בשער הקדושה, ולכאורה היא ירידה להתלבש בחומר הפחות, אך הוא צורך עלי' לעשות מהחומר קדושה וכמשל הזורע גרעין בעפר כדי להוציא לחם מן הארץ, וכמו נשמה שירדה בעוה"ז להפוך את כל חלקי האדם לטוב, ואלמלא חטא אדה"ר הי' גם גוף האדם שהויתו מן האדמה עולה עם הנשמה למעלה ורק מחמת החטא נגזר המיתה למרק הגוף בעפר ולהקימהו לתחי' שיהי' ראוי לעלות עם הנשמה

Source 10 · Hasidic
Verified

Tanya, Part I; Likkutei Amarim 31

תניא, חלק ראשון; ליקוטי אמרים ל״א — ד"ה וְלָכֵן

Tanya, Part I; Likkutei Amarim 31:16

This chapter distinguishes between a broken heart that leads to avodah and a destructive sadness that paralyzes. It offers a spiritual lens for understanding how mourning can be elevated toward future joy.

וְלָכֵן, לֶעָתִיד, כְּשֶׁיַּעֲבִיר ה׳ רוּחַ הַטּוּמְאָה מִן הָאָרֶץ, כְּתִיב: ״וּבִמְנוּסָה לֹא תֵלֵכוּן, כִּי הוֹלֵךְ לִפְנֵיכֶם ה׳ וְגוֹ׳״. וְלִהְיוֹת בְּחִינַת תְּשׁוּבָה זוֹ בְּיֶתֶר שְׂאֵת וְיֶתֶר עֹז מֵעוּמְקָא דְלִבָּא, וְגַם שִׂמְחַת הַנֶּפֶשׁ תִּהְיֶה בְּתוֹסֶפֶת אוֹרָה וְשִׂמְחָה – כַּאֲשֶׁר יָשִׁיב אֶל לִבּוֹ דַּעַת וּתְבוּנָה לְנַחֲמוֹ מֵעִצְּבוֹנוֹ וִיגוֹנוֹ, לֵאמֹר כַּנִּזְכָּר לְעֵיל: ״הֵן אֱמֶת כוּ׳״, ״אַךְ אֲנִי לֹא עָשִׂיתִי אֶת עַצְמִי. וְלָמָּה עָשָׂה ה׳ כָּזֹאת, לְהוֹרִיד חֵלֶק מֵאוֹרוֹ יִתְבָּרֵךְ, הַמְמַלֵּא וְסוֹבֵב כָּל עָלְמִין וְכוּלָּא קַמֵּיהּ כְּלָא חֲשִׁיב, וְהִלְבִּישׁוֹ בְּ״מַשְׁכָּא דְחִוְיָא״ וְ״טִפָּה סְרוּחָה״? אֵין זֶה, כִּי אִם יְרִידָה זוֹ – הִיא צוֹרֶךְ עֲלִיָּה, לְהַעֲלוֹת לַה׳ כָּל נֶפֶשׁ הַחִיּוּנִית הַבַּהֲמִית שֶׁמִּקְּלִיפַּת נוֹגַהּ וְכָל לְבוּשֶׁיהָ, הֵן בְּחִינוֹת מַחֲשָׁבָה דִּבּוּר וּמַעֲשֶׂה שֶׁלָּהּ, עַל יְדֵי הִתְלַבְּשׁוּתָן בְּמַעֲשֵׂה דִּבּוּר וּמַחֲשֶׁבֶת הַתּוֹרָה [וּכְמוֹ שֶׁיִּתְבָּאֵר לְקַמָּן עִנְיַן הַעֲלָאָה זוֹ בַּאֲרִיכוּת, אֵיךְ שֶׁהִיא תַּכְלִית בְּרִיאַת הָעוֹלָם], וְאִם כֵּן אֵיפוֹא, זֹאת אֶעֱשֶׂה וְזֹאת תִּהְיֶה כָּל מְגַמָּתִי כָּל יְמֵי חֶלְדִּי – לְכָל בָּהֶן חַיֵּי רוּחִי וְנַפְשִׁי, וּכְמוֹ שֶׁכָּתוּב: ״אֵלֶיךָ ה׳ נַפְשִׁי אֶשָּׂא״, דְּהַיְינוּ, לְקַשֵּׁר מַחֲשַׁבְתִּי וְדִבּוּרִי – בְּמַחֲשַׁבְתּוֹ וְדִבּוּרוֹ יִתְבָּרֵךְ, וְהֵן הֵן גּוּפֵי הֲלָכוֹת הָעֲרוּכוֹת לְפָנֵינוּ, וְכֵן מַעֲשֶׂה – בְּמַעֲשֵׂה הַמִּצְוֹת.

Hence in the time to come, when the L–rd will remove the spirit of impurity from the earth, it is written of it, “[You shall not go out in haste], nor go by flight, for the L–rd will go before you….” The quality of this repentance will be stronger and more intense, from the depth of the heart, and likewise the joy of the soul will be with an added measure of light and joy, when he will reflect in his heart with knowledge and understanding to console himself from his distress and sorrow, saying, as above: “Truly and without a doubt…”—“but it was not I who created myself. Why, then, has G–d done such a thing, to cause a portion of His light, blessed be He, which fills and encompasses all worlds, and before Whom everything is of no account, to descend and to be clothed in a ‘serpent’s skin’ and in a fetid drop? It cannot be otherwise than that this descent is for the purpose of an ascent—to raise up to G–d the whole vital animal soul, which is of the kelipat nogah and all her ‘garments,’ namely her faculties of thought, speech, and action, through their being enclothed in the act, speech, and thought of the Torah.” [As for the meaning of this ascent—how this is the ultimate purpose of the creation of the world—it will be later explained at length.] “If this is so, there is one thing for me to do, and this will be my sole aim all the days of my earthly life, to fully occupy therein the life of my spirit and soul, as is written, ‘To You, L–rd, I lift my soul,’ that is to say, to bind my thought and speech with His thought and speech, blessed be He, which are the very laws which have been set before us, and likewise my action—in the performance of the commandments.”

Source 11 · Modern
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Orot, Lights from Darkness, Israel and its Rebirth 1-3

אורות, אורות מאופל, ישראל ותחיתו א׳-ג׳

Orot, Lights from Darkness, Israel and its Rebirth 1-3

Rav Kook presents national destruction and rebirth as part of one redemptive process in which the darkness of exile is not final. These sections are highly relevant to the transformation of Tisha B'Av into joy in the messianic era.

והאמת העליונה הזאת היא מקוממת את כל היקום, כל יציר נברא ממנה חי, הכל מכחה ישתלם, כל הנופלים יקומו על ידה, כל עשוקי כח, כל רצוצי משפט ישובו וינהרו מזיוה, כל טבועי שאול בחילה יעלו ויעמדו במרחב, כל זהומי כל תמונה סוררה, כל החשוכים על ידי כל סכלות וכל תעוב, - על-ידי אור עולמי אין קץ זה יביטו וינהרו. אור ישראל זורח והולך ואור, מפעם בקרב נשמתו את הלמות גאולתו.