Ramban interprets the name Yisrael and the angel’s blessing as affirming Yaakov’s victory, while noting that the encounter teaches that Yaakov’s success comes through divine providence even when he appears vulnerable.
נִכְתְּבָה הַפָּרָשָׁה הַזֹּאת לְהוֹדִיעַ כִּי הִצִּיל הקב"ה אֶת עַבְדּוֹ וּגְאָלוֹ מִיַּד חָזָק מִמֶּנּוּ, וַיִּשְׁלַח מַלְאָךְ וַיַּצִּילֵהוּ. וּלְלַמְּדֵנוּ עוֹד שֶׁהוּא לֹא בָּטַח בְּצִדְקָתוֹ, וְהִשְׁתַּדֵּל בַּהַצָּלָה בְּכָל יְכָלְתּוֹ. וְיֵשׁ בָּהּ עוֹד רֶמֶז לְדוֹרוֹת, כִּי כָּל אֲשֶׁר אֵרַע לְאָבִינוּ עִם עֵשָׂו אָחִיו יֶאֱרַע לָנוּ תָּמִיד עִם בְּנֵי עֵשָׂו, וְרָאוּי לָנוּ לֶאֱחֹז בְּדַרְכּוֹ שֶׁל צַדִּיק, שֶׁנַּזְמִין עַצְמֵנוּ לִשְׁלֹשֶׁת הַדְּבָרִים שֶׁהִזְמִין הוּא אֶת עַצְמוֹ, לִתְפִלָּה וּלְדוֹרוֹן וּלְהַצָּלָה בְּדֶרֶךְ מִלְחָמָה לִבְרֹחַ וּלְהִנָּצֵל. וּכְבָר רָאוּ רַבּוֹתֵינוּ הָרֶמֶז הַזֶּה מִן הַפָּרָשָׁה הַזֹּאת כַּאֲשֶׁר אַזְכִּיר (להלן לב ט לג טו): וַיֵּאָבֵק אִישׁ עִמּוֹ וַיִּתְעַפֵּר, כָּךְ פֵּרְשׁוֹ מְנַחֵם, לְשׁוֹן אָבָק, שֶׁמַּעֲלִין אָבָק בְּרַגְלֵיהֶם. וְלִי נִרְאֶה לְשׁוֹן וַיִּתְקַשֵּׁר, וְלָשׁוֹן אֲרַמִּי הוּא, בָּתַר דַּאֲבִיקוּ בֵיהּ (סנהדרין סג), וַאֲבִיקוּ לֵיהּ מֵיבַק (מנחות מב), זֶה לְשׁוֹן רַשִׁ"י (רש"י על בראשית ל"ב:כ"ה). וַאֲבִיקָה בִּלְשׁוֹן חֲכָמִים חֲבִיקָה שִׁמְּשׁוּ בָּהּ הַרְבֵּה, אֲבַקְתָּא אִית בָּהּ (מכות כג), דַּרְגָּשׁ עִיּוּלֵי וְאַפּוֹקֵי בַּאֲבַקְתָּא (נדרים נו), וְכֵן אֲבוּקָה בִּלְשׁוֹנָם בַּעֲבוּר הֱיוֹתָהּ מֵעֵצִים דַּקִּים חֲגֻרִים וּקְשׁוּרִים יַחַד, כִּי הַחֵי"ת תִּכְבַּד בִּלְשׁוֹנָם וְהֵקֵלּוּ אוֹתָהּ לְאָלֶ"ף, וּפְעָמִים רַבִּים יַבְלִיעוּ הַחֵי"ת, תּוּתָךְ (חולין ז) בִּמְקוֹם תְּחוֹתָךְ (זבחים נד), מַסּוּתָא (ב"מ ו) בִּמְקוֹם מַסְחוּתָא (קדושין לג), אֲסִיתָא חֲסִיתָא (שבת עז). וְאֶפְשָׁר שֶׁיִּהְיֶה וַיֵּאָבֵק – וַיְחַבֵּק, כְּמוֹ "וַיְחַבְּקֵהוּ" (בראשית ל"ג:ד'), כִּי אוּלַי כֵּן הַלָּשׁוֹן. וּמָצִינוּ "בְּרֻדִּים אֲמֻצִּים" (זכריה ו ג) כְּמוֹ חֲמוּצִים, מִלְּשׁוֹן "חֲמוּץ בְּגָדִים" (ישעיהו סג א), וְאָמְרוּ הַמְפָרְשִׁים (הרד"ק) כִּי "וַאֲרֻזִים בְּמַרְכֻּלְתֵּךְ" (יחזקאל כז כד) כְּמוֹ וַחֲרוּזִים, מִן "צַוָּארֵךְ בַּחֲרוּזִים" (שיר השירים א י), וְכֵן אָמְרוּ בְּמִלַּת "וַתְּאַלֲצֵהוּ" (שופטים טז טז) שֶׁהוּא כְּמוֹ וַתְּחַלְּצֵהוּ, מְהֻפָּךְ מִן וַתִּלְחָצֵהוּ, וְשֶׁמָּא הוּא דַּעַת אוּנְקְלוֹס (תרגום אונקלוס על בראשית ל"ב:כ"ה) שֶׁאָמַר "וְאִשְׁתַּדַּל", וְכָךְ תִּרְגֵּם "וְכִי יְפַתֶּה" (שמות כב טו) "אֲרֵי יְשַׁדֵּל", יְחַבֵּק וִינַשֵּׁק שֶׁהוּא דֶּרֶךְ הַפִּתּוּי, אוֹ שֶׁלֹּא נִזְדַּמֵּן לוֹ לָשׁוֹן וַעֲשָׂאוֹ עִנְיַן תַּחְבּוּלָה, כִּי כָל הִשְׁתַּדְּלוּת תַּחְבּוּלָה וְצִדּוּד עִנְיָן. וּבִבְרֵאשִׁית רַבָּה (בראשית רבה ע"ז:ג') מִי נִתְמַלֵּא אָבָק, הָאִישׁ שֶׁהָיָה עִמּוֹ, כְּדִבְרֵי מְנַחֵם, וְהוּא הַנָּכוֹן: וַיַּרְא כִּי לֹא יָכֹל לוֹ מַלְאָכָיו גִּבֹּרֵי כֹחַ עֹשֵׂי דְבָרוֹ, וְעַל כֵּן לֹא יָכוֹל לוֹ הַמַּלְאָךְ לְהַזִּיקוֹ, כִּי לֹא הֻרְשָׁה רַק בַּמֶּה שֶׁעָשָׂה עִמּוֹ לְהָקֵעַ כַּף יְרֵכוֹ. וְאָמְרוּ בִּבְרֵאשִׁית רַבָּה (בראשית רבה ע"ז:ג'), נָגַע בְּכָל הַצַּדִּיקִים שֶׁעֲתִידִין לִהְיוֹת מִמֶּנּוּ, זֶה דּוֹרוֹ שֶׁל שְׁמָד. וְהָעִנְיָן כִּי הַמְּאֹרָע כֻּלּוֹ רֶמֶז לְדוֹרוֹתָיו, שֶׁיִּהְיֶה דּוֹר בְּזַרְעוֹ שֶׁל יַעֲקֹב יִתְגַּבֵּר עֵשָׂו עֲלֵיהֶם עַד שֶׁיִּהְיֶה קָרוֹב לְקַעְקֵעַ בֵּיצָתָן, וְהָיָה זֶה דּוֹר אֶחָד בִּימֵי חַכְמֵי הַמִּשְׁנָה, כַּדּוֹר שֶׁל רַבִּי יְהוּדָה בֶּן בָּבָא וַחֲבֵרָיו, כְּמוֹ שֶׁאָמְרוּ (שיר השירים רבה ב ז), אָמַר רַבִּי חִיָּא בַּר אַבָּא, אִם יֹאמַר לִי אָדָם תֵּן נַפְשְׁךָ עַל קְדֻשַּׁת שְׁמוֹ שֶׁל הקב"ה, אֲנִי נוֹתֵן, וּבִלְבַד שֶׁיַּהַרְגוּנִי מִיָּד, אֲבָל בְּדוֹרוֹ שֶׁל שְׁמָד אֵינִי יָכוֹל לִסְבֹּל. וּמָה הָיוּ עוֹשִׂים בְּדוֹרוֹ שֶׁל שְׁמָד, הָיוּ מְבִיאִין כַּדּוּרִיּוֹת שֶׁל בַּרְזֶל וּמְלַבְּנִין אוֹתָן בָּאוּר וְנוֹתְנִין אוֹתָן תַּחַת שֶׁחְיֵיהֶן וּמַשִּׂיאִין נַפְשׁוֹתֵיהֶן מֵהֶן. וְיֵשׁ דּוֹרוֹת אֲחֵרִים שֶׁעָשׂוּ עִמָּנוּ כָּזֶה וְיוֹתֵר רַע מִזֶּה, וְהַכֹּל סָבַלְנוּ וְעָבַר עָלֵינוּ, כְּמוֹ שֶׁרָמַז וַיָּבֹא יַעֲקֹב שָׁלֵם:
This section was written in order to inform us that the Holy One, blessed be He, delivered His servant, and He redeemed him from the hand of him that is stronger than he, and he sent an angel and saved him, and in order to further teach us that Jacob did not place his trust in his righteousness and that he strove for delivery with all his might. There is yet in this section a hint for future generations, for everything that happened to our father with his brother Esau will constantly occur to us with Esau’s children, and it is proper for us to adhere to the way of the righteous by preparing ourselves in the three things for which he prepared himself: for prayer, for giving him a present, and for rescue by methods of warfare, to flee and to be saved. Our Rabbis have already derived this hint from this section, as I shall mention. ‘VAYEI’AVEIK’ A MAN WITH HIM, A man covered himself with dust. So Menachem ben Saruk explained it, being derived from the word avak (dust); by their movements, they were raising dust with their feet. I, however, am of the opinion that it means “and he attached himself to,” and that it is an Aramaic word, as in, “After they have joined (aviku) it;” “And they twined the Fringes with loops.” This is all the language of Rashi. In the language of the Sages, avikah is often used to convey the sense of chavikah (loop), as in: “There are avkso (loops) in the punishing scourge;”, “A couch is called dargesh when it is set up and taken apart by means of loops, through which the cords are fastened.” Similarly the word avukah (a torch) is so called in the language of the Sages because it is made up of small pieces of wood which are tied and bound together. This is because the letter cheth is difficult to pronounce in their language and so they used the easier aleph. Many times the cheth disappears completely as in tuteich (underneath) in place of techuteich; mesuta (a bath) in place of maschuta; asita (a mortar) in place of chasita. And it is possible that the word vayei’aveik is actually vayeichaveik, as vayechabkeihu (and he embraced him), for perhaps it is the way of the Hebrew language to interchange the aleph and cheth. Thus we find: And in the fourth chariot grizzled ‘amutzim’ horses, which is the same as chamitzim, derived from the expression, ‘chamutz’ (crimsoned) garments. Commentators have said that ‘va’aruzim’ for thy merchandise is like vecharuzim, derived from the expression, thy neck ‘bacharuzim’ (with beads). So too did they say concerning the word vate’altzeihu that it is like vatechaltzeihu (and she pressed him), this being an inverted form of vatilchatzeihu, [the root of which is lachatz (oppression)]. Perhaps this is the opinion of Onkelos who said, in translation of the word vayei’aveik, ve’ishtadeil, and so also he translated the expression, And if a man ‘yephateh’ “as if yeshadeil,” if he embraces and kisses which is the manner of seduction. It may be that Onkelos found no word comparable to vayei’aveik, and so he considered it a matter of cunning, for all effort implies cunning and a clarification of circumstances. In Bereshith Rabbah the Sages said: “Who became filled with dust? The man that was with him.” This agrees with the words of Menachem [ben Saruk, who said that vayei’aveik means “he covered himself with dust] “, and this is the correct interpretation. AND HE SAW THAT HE PREVAILED NOT AGAINST HIM. Ye angels of His, ye mighty in strength, that fulfill His word. Because of this the angel could not prevail against him to harm him for it was not permitted to him to do other than that which he did to him, namely, to disjoint the hollow of his thigh. Now the Rabbis have said in Bereshith Rabbah: “He touched all the righteous people who were destined to come from Jacob. This refers to the generation of religious persecution.” The purport of this Midrash is that this entire event constitutes a hint to his generations, indicating that there will be a generation from the seed of Jacob against whom Esau [Rome] will prevail to the extent of almost uprooting his seed. This occurred in one generation during the period of the Sages of the Mishnah, which was the generation of Rabbi Yehudah ben Baba and his companions. As they said: “Rabbi Chiya bar Abba said, ‘If a person were to tell me, “Give your life for the sanctification of the Name of the Holy One, blessed be He,” I would give it, providing only that they slay me immediately. But in the generation of religious persecution I could not endure!’ And what did the Romans do in that generation? They would bring iron balls and heat them in fire and then place them under their arm-pits and cause their death.” And there are other generations in which they have done to us such things as these and even worse, but we have endured and it has passed over us, just as it is hinted in the verse, And Jacob came in peace.