Nedarim 37b-38a
נדרים ל״ז ב-ל״ח א
Nedarim 37b-38a
The discussion of Torah transmission, including written and oral forms and the language of Torah, illuminates how rabbinic culture preserved grammar, pronunciation, and interpretation.
דְּאָמַר רַב אִיקָא בַּר אָבִין אָמַר רַב חֲנַנְאֵל אָמַר רַב: מַאי דִּכְתִיב ״וַיִּקְרְאוּ בַסֵּפֶר בְּתוֹרַת הָאֱלֹהִים מְפֹרָשׁ וְשׂוֹם שֶׂכֶל וַיָּבִינוּ בַּמִּקְרָא״. ״וַיִּקְרְאוּ בַסֵּפֶר בְּתוֹרַת הָאֱלֹהִים״ — זֶה מִקְרָא, ״מְפֹרָשׁ״ — זֶה תַּרְגּוּם, ״וְשׂוֹם שֶׂכֶל״ — אֵלּוּ הַפְּסוּקִים, ״וַיָּבִינוּ בַּמִּקְרָא״ — זֶה פִּיסּוּק טְעָמִים. וְאָמְרִי לַהּ: אֵלּוּ הַמְּסוֹרוֹת. אָמַר רַבִּי יִצְחָק: מִקְרָא סוֹפְרִים, וְעִיטּוּר סוֹפְרִים, וְקַרְיָין וְלָא כְּתִיבָן, וּכְתִיבָן וְלָא קַרְיָין — הֲלָכָה לְמֹשֶׁה מִסִּינַי. מִקְרָא סוֹפְרִים: אָרֶץ, שָׁמָיִם, מִצְרָיִם.
This is as Rav Ika bar Avin said that Rav Ḥananel said that Rav said: What is the meaning of that which is written: “And they read in the book, in the Torah of God, distinctly; and they gave the sense, and caused them to understand the reading” (Nehemiah 8:8)? The Gemara explains: “They read in the book, in the Torah of God”; that is the Bible. “Distinctly”; that is the Aramaic translation. “And they gave the sense”; these are the division into verses. “And caused them to understand the reading”; this is punctuation of the text with cantillation notes, which facilitate the understanding of the verses. And some say: These are the traditions that determine the proper vocalization of the Bible. Rav holds that the cantillation notes are an integral part of Torah study. On a related note, Rabbi Yitzḥak said: The vocalization of the scribes, and the ornamentation of the scribes, and the verses with words that are read but not written, and those that are written but not read are all halakha transmitted to Moses from Sinai. The Gemara elaborates: The vocalization of the scribes is referring to words that when they appear at the end of phrases, clauses, or verses, their vocalization changes, e.g., eretz with a segol under the letter alef to aretz with a kamatz under the letter alef; shamayim with a pataḥ under the letter mem, to shamayim with a kamatz under the letter mem; and mitzrayim with a pataḥ under the letter reish, to mitzrayim with a kamatz under the letter reish.
See also
- Bekhorot 4aunverifiedFiled under: Talmudic analysis of biblical words
- Yoma 48aunverifiedFiled under: Talmudic analysis of biblical words
- Zevachim 25aunverifiedFiled under: Talmudic analysis of biblical words
