Tefillahתפילה

The Gra on Announcing the Kohanim

The Beur HaGra on Shulchan Arukh Orach Chayim 128:2 explains that the prayer leader must announce the kohanim before Birkat Kohanim, deriving this requirement from the Sifrei's interpretation of "emor lahem" (tell them) in the Torah. The passage cites supporting sources from the Talmud and medieval commentaries.

ת״ל אמור להם והוא קריאת כהנים

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The precise location the user is seeking is the Beur HaGra (Orach Chayim 128:2), where he writes that the requirement for the chazan to call out to the kohanim is derived from the Sifrei on Parashat Naso, citing the phrase 'ת"ל אמור להם והוא קריאת כהנים' to establish that this calling out constitutes the kriat kohanim.

The Beur HaGra there also points to Sotah 38a, where Abaye and Rav Chisda derive from the words 'אמור להם' that the calling of 'kohanim' is done in the plural, requiring at least two kohanim, and that it is the chazan or an Israelite, not a kohen, who issues the call.

This same halachic picture is summarized by Rav Eliezer Melamed (Peninei Halakhah, Prayer 20:7), who explains that the kohanim may not begin their berachah until the chazan or gabbai announces 'kohanim,' and that this announcement is made only when at least two kohanim are present, consistent with the derivation from 'אמור להם' that the Beur HaGra and the Gemara in Sotah both rely upon.

Source 1 · Chazal· different author
Verified

Sotah 38a

סוטה ל״ח א — ד"ה אָמַר אַבָּיֵי

Sotah 38a:15

Chachmei Bavel state that when there are two priests, the prayer leader calls “Kohanim,” but with one priest he does not call “Kohen”; they also state that a priest calls “Kohanim,” whereas an Israelite does not, based on “אמור להם.

אָמַר אַבָּיֵי: נָקְטִינַן, לִשְׁנַיִם קוֹרֵא ״כֹּהֲנִים״, וּלְאֶחָד אֵינוֹ קוֹרֵא ״כֹּהֵן״, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״אָמוֹר לָהֶם״ — לִשְׁנַיִם. וְאָמַר רַב חִסְדָּא: נָקְטִינַן, כֹּהֵן קוֹרֵא ״כֹּהֲנִים״, וְאֵין יִשְׂרָאֵל קוֹרֵא ״כֹּהֲנִים״, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״אָמוֹר לָהֶם״, אֲמִירָה

Abaye said: We have a tradition with regard to the prayer leader calling the priests to recite the Priestly Benediction: When there are two priests, he calls: Priests, but when there is one priest he does not call: Priest, as it is stated: “You shall say to them,” in plural, meaning to a minimum of two priests. And Rav Ḥisda said: We have a tradition that a priest calls: Priests, but an Israelite does not call: Priests, as it is stated: “You shall say to them,” which means that the saying

Source 2 · Acharonim
Verified

Beur HaGra on Shulchan Arukh, Orach Chayim

ביאור הגר"א על שולחן ערוך אורח חיים קכ״ח:ב׳

Beur HaGra on Shulchan Arukh, Orach Chayim 128:2

The Gra states that the shaliach tzibbur must tell the kohanim to say the blessing, deriving this from Sifrei on Parashat Naso’s interpretation of “emor lahem” and citing Sotah 38a and Tosafot on Berakhot 34a.

בשקורא כו'. דבלא"ה אינו עולה כמ"ש בספרי פ' נשא מנין שהחזן צ"ל להם אמרו ת"ל אמור להם והוא קריאת כהנים כמ"ש בסוטה נ"ח א' וכמ"ש תוס' ברכות ל"ד א' ד"ה לא כו':

Source 3 · Modern
Verified

Rav Eliezer Melamed (Peninei Halakhah, Prayer 20:7)

פניני הלכה, תפילה כ׳:ז׳

Peninei Halakhah, Prayer 20:7

The passage explains that “Kohanim” is announced before Birkat Kohanim based on “אמור להם,” and that this announcement is made only when at least two Kohanim are present, with some authorities deriving that the essential form of the blessing requires two Kohanim.

כשמגיע זמן ברכת כהנים, אין הכהנים רשאים להתחיל בברכתם עד שהחזן או הגבאי יכריז "כהנים", משום שנאמר למשה בתורה (במדבר ו, כג): "אָמוֹר לָהֶם", כלומר משה, שאינו כהן, צריך לומר לכהנים לברך את ישראל. ומכאן למדו חכמים, שתחילה יש לקרוא "כהנים" ורק לאחר מכן יתחילו הכהנים בברכתם. ואם רק כהן אחד עולה לדוכן, אין מכריזים "כהנים", משום שנאמר בתורה: "אָמוֹר לָהֶם", משמע שרק כאשר ישנם לפחות שני כהנים מכריזים "כהנים" (שו"ע או"ח קכח, י). ויש שלמדו מכך, שעיקרה של ברכת כהנים הוא כאשר יש לפחות שני כהנים (רבינו פרץ המובא בטור קכח; עיין ערוך השולחן קכח, ט).

When the time arrives to recite Birkat Kohanim, the Kohanim are not permitted to start the berachah until the chazan or the gabbai announces “Kohanim.” This is because the Torah states (Numbers 6:23), “Say to them,” denoting that Moshe, who is not a Kohen, must tell the Kohanim to bless Israel. Thus we learn that first the Kohanim must be called, and only afterward do they begin blessing. If only one Kohen ascends the platform, “Kohanim” is not declared, since it is written, “Say to them” (in plural). Thus, the word “Kohanim” is only announced when there are at least two Kohanim present (Shulchan Aruch 128:10). Some authorities conclude that the essence of Birkat Kohanim is when there are at least two Kohanim to perform the blessing (Rabbeinu Peretz brought by the Tur 128; see Aruch HaShulchan 128:9).

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