Discusses that a kohen who has drunk wine (even a small amount) may not perform nesias kapayim, and lists other circumstances when duchening is prohibited.
גְּמָ׳ בִּשְׁלֹשָׁה פְּרָקִים בַּשָּׁנָה כֹּהֲנִים נוֹשְׂאִין אֶת כַּפֵּיהֶם כּוּ׳. תַּעֲנִיּוֹת וּמַעֲמָדוֹת מִי אִיכָּא מוּסָף? חַסּוֹרֵי מִיחַסְּרָא, וְהָכִי קָתָנֵי: בִּשְׁלֹשָׁה פְּרָקִים כֹּהֲנִים נוֹשְׂאִין אֶת כַּפֵּיהֶן כׇּל זְמַן שֶׁמִּתְפַּלְּלִין, וְיֵשׁ מֵהֶן אַרְבָּעָה פְּעָמִים בַּיּוֹם — שַׁחֲרִית וּמוּסָף מִנְחָה וּנְעִילַת שְׁעָרִים, וְאֵלּוּ הֵן שְׁלֹשָׁה פְּרָקִים: תַּעֲנִיּוֹת, וּמַעֲמָדוֹת, וְיוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים. אָמַר רַב נַחְמָן אָמַר רַבָּה בַּר אֲבוּהּ: זוֹ דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. אֲבָל חֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: שַׁחֲרִית וּמוּסָף — יֵשׁ בָּהֶן נְשִׂיאַת כַּפַּיִם, מִנְחָה וּנְעִילָה — אֵין בָּהֶן נְשִׂיאַת כַּפַּיִם. מַאן חֲכָמִים — רַבִּי יְהוּדָה הִיא. דְּתַנְיָא: שַׁחֲרִית וּמוּסָף מִנְחָה וּנְעִילָה כּוּלָּן יֵשׁ בָּהֶן נְשִׂיאַת כַּפַּיִם, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: שַׁחֲרִית וּמוּסָף — יֵשׁ בָּהֶן נְשִׂיאַת כַּפַּיִם, מִנְחָה וּנְעִילָה — אֵין בָּהֶן נְשִׂיאַת כַּפַּיִם. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר: נְעִילָה — יֵשׁ בָּהּ נְשִׂיאַת כַּפַּיִם, מִנְחָה — אֵין בָּהּ נְשִׂיאַת כַּפַּיִם. בְּמַאי קָמִיפַּלְגִי? רַבִּי מֵאִיר סָבַר: כׇּל יוֹמָא טַעְמָא מַאי לָא פָּרְשִׂי כָּהֲנֵי יְדַיְיהוּ בְּמִנְחֲתָא — מִשּׁוּם שִׁכְרוּת, הָאִידָּנָא לֵיכָּא שִׁכְרוּת. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה סָבַר: שַׁחֲרִית וּמוּסָף דְּכׇל יוֹמָא לָא שְׁכִיחַ שִׁכְרוּת — לָא גְּזַרוּ בְּהוּ רַבָּנַן, מִנְחָה וּנְעִילָה דְּכׇל יוֹמָא שְׁכִיחָא שִׁכְרוּת — גְּזַרוּ בְּהוּ רַבָּנַן. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי סָבַר: מִנְחָה דְּאִיתַהּ בְּכׇל יוֹמָא — גְּזַרוּ בַּהּ רַבָּנַן, נְעִילָה דְּלֵיתַהּ בְּכׇל יוֹמָא — לָא גְּזַרוּ בַּהּ רַבָּנַן. אָמַר רַב יְהוּדָה אָמַר רַב: הֲלָכָה כְּרַבִּי מֵאִיר. וְרַבִּי יוֹחָנָן אָמַר: נָהֲגוּ הָעָם כְּרַבִּי מֵאִיר. וְרָבָא אָמַר: מִנְהָג כְּרַבִּי מֵאִיר. מַאן דְּאָמַר הֲלָכָה כְּרַבִּי מֵאִיר — דָּרְשִׁינַן לַהּ בְּפִירְקָא. מַאן דְּאָמַר מִנְהָג — מִידְרָשׁ לָא דָּרְשִׁינַן, אוֹרוֹיֵי מוֹרֵינַן. וּמַאן דְּאָמַר נָהֲגוּ — אוֹרוֹיֵי לָא מוֹרֵינַן, וְאִי עָבֵיד — עָבֵיד, וְלָא מַהְדְּרִינַן לֵיהּ. וְרַב נַחְמָן אָמַר: הֲלָכָה כְּרַבִּי יוֹסֵי. וַהֲלָכָה כְּרַבִּי יוֹסֵי. וְהָאִידָּנָא מַאי טַעְמָא פָּרְשִׂי כָּהֲנֵי יְדַיְיהוּ בְּמִנְחֲתָא דְתַעֲנִיתָא? כֵּיוָן דִּבְסָמוּךְ לִשְׁקִיעַת הַחַמָּה קָא פָּרְשִׂי — כִּתְפִילַּת נְעִילָה דָּמְיָא. דְּכוּלֵּי עָלְמָא מִיהַת שִׁכּוֹר אָסוּר בִּנְשִׂיאַת כַּפַּיִם. מְנָהָנֵי מִילֵּי? אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן לֵוִי מִשּׁוּם בַּר קַפָּרָא: לָמָּה נִסְמְכָה פָּרָשַׁת כֹּהֵן מְבָרֵךְ לְפָרָשַׁת נָזִיר? לוֹמַר: מָה נָזִיר אָסוּר בְּיַיִן, אַף כֹּהֵן מְבָרֵךְ אָסוּר בְּיַיִן.
GEMARA: The mishna taught: At three times in the year priests raise their hands to recite the Priestly Benediction four times in a single day: On communal fasts, non-priestly watches, and Yom Kippur. The Gemara asks: How do they recite the Priestly Benediction four times on these days? Do fast days and gatherings of non-priestly watches have an additional prayer? The Gemara explains that the mishna is incomplete and is teaching the following: At three times in the year priests raise their hands each time they pray, and on some of these they bless four times a day, in the morning prayer, in the additional prayer, in the afternoon prayer, and in the closing of the gates, i.e., the ne’ila prayer. And these are the three times: Communal fasts, non-priestly watches, and Yom Kippur. Rav Naḥman said that Rabba bar Avuh said: This mishna is the statement of Rabbi Meir. However, the Rabbis say: The morning prayer and the additional prayer have the Priestly Benediction of the raising of the hands, whereas the afternoon prayer and the closing prayer [ne’ila] do not have the raising of the hands. The Gemara asks: Who are these Rabbis, who disagree with Rabbi Meir? It is the opinion of Rabbi Yehuda, as it is taught in a baraita: The morning prayer, the additional prayer, the afternoon prayer, and ne’ila all have the Priestly Benediction of the raising of the hands. This is the statement of Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Yehuda says: The morning prayer and the additional prayer have the raising of the hands, whereas the afternoon prayer and ne’ila do not have the raising of the hands. Rabbi Yosei says: Ne’ila has the raising of the hands; the afternoon prayer does not have the raising of the hands. The Gemara asks: With regard to what principle do they disagree? Rabbi Meir maintains: What is the reason that priests do not spread their hands to bless the people every day in the afternoon prayer? It is due to potential drunkenness, as people occasionally become intoxicated during their lunch, and it is prohibited for an inebriated priest to bless. However, now, on a fast day, there is no concern about drunkenness, and therefore the priests may recite the Priestly Benediction even in the afternoon prayer. Conversely, Rabbi Yehuda maintains that with regard to the morning prayer and the additional prayer, when drunkenness is not common on every ordinary day, the Sages did not issue a decree that the Priestly Benediction be omitted during them. However, with regard to the afternoon prayer and ne’ila, when drunkenness is common on every day, the Sages issued a decree that the Priestly Benediction should not be recited during them, despite the fact that intoxication is not a concern on a fast day. Finally, Rabbi Yosei maintains that with regard to the afternoon prayer, which is recited every day, the Sages issued a decree concerning it, whereas with regard to ne’ila, which is not recited every day, the Sages did not issue and apply their decree to it, as there is no concern that people might become confused between ne’ila and an afternoon prayer of a regular weekday. Rav Yehuda said that Rav said: The halakha is in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Meir. And Rabbi Yoḥanan said: The people act in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Meir. And Rava said: The custom is in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Meir. The Gemara clarifies these statements. The one who said that the halakha is in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Meir means that this ruling is taught in the public lectures on Shabbat. The one who said that the custom is in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Meir means that one does not teach this in public, but if someone comes to ask for a practical ruling, one instructs them in private that this is the halakha. And the one who said that the people act in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Meir means that one does not even instruct someone that this is the halakha, but if he acts in accordance with Rabbi Meir, he has acted in a valid manner and we do not require him to return and recite the prayer again. And Rav Naḥman said that the halakha is in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Yosei. The Gemara concludes: And indeed, the halakha is in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Yosei. The Gemara asks: And nowadays, what is the reason that priests spread their hands to bless the people in the afternoon prayer of a fast? The Gemara explains: Since they spread their hands near sunset, it is considered like ne’ila, and therefore the decree of the Sages does not apply. In any event, based on the above, everyone agrees that it is prohibited for a drunken priest to raise his hands and recite the Priestly Benediction. The Gemara asks: From where are these matters derived? Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi said in the name of bar Kappara: Why is the portion of the priest who recites the benediction (see Numbers 6:22–27) juxtaposed with the portion of the nazirite (see Numbers 6:1–21)? They are juxtaposed to say that just as it is prohibited for a nazirite to drink wine, so too, it is prohibited for a priest who recites the benediction to drink wine.