Machshavaמחשבה

Prayer for Sinners: Repentance or Destruction

Jewish sources present a fundamental tension between praying for the death or destruction of wrongdoers and praying for their repentance and return to righteousness. These texts explore whether compassion and the hope for spiritual transformation should guide one's prayers, or whether divine justice against the wicked is appropriate.

בִּנְפֹל אוֹיִבְךָ אַל תִּשְׂמָח וּבִכָּשְׁלוֹ אַל יָגֵל לִבֶּךָ

19 sources · 18 verified

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What the sources say

The locus classicus of this question is Berakhot 10a, where Rabbi Meir prays for the death of the hooligans who torment him, and his wife Berurya corrects him: the pasuk in Tehillim says "let sins cease" — not "let sinners cease" — and she instructs him instead to pray for their repentance, after which they in fact repent.

Tehillim 104:35 supplies the proof-text at the heart of that Talmudic exchange, and Be'er HaGolah (Well 7, 6:8) draws out its explicit legal lesson: although Rabbi Meir thought it permissible to pray for a wicked person's death, Berurya taught that one may never do so, since repentance always remains possible.

The Zohar on Vayera (זהר, וירא ר) develops this into a positive obligation, declaring it a mitzvah to pray that the wicked return to the good so they do not enter Gehinnom, and explicitly forbidding prayer for their removal from the world — illustrated by the argument that had God removed Terach while he was still an idolater, Avraham, the tribes of Israel, King David, and the Messiah would never have come into the world.

Ein Aya, Berakhot 1:123 explains the deeper logic behind Berurya's ruling: no wicked person truly prefers evil over good; rather, the evil inclination compels and deceives him, so he is in fact pitiable, and one should never despair of praying that even the greatest sinners return to the paths of righteousness.

Mesillat Yesharim 19 codifies this orientation as a positive charge incumbent on the pious: since God does not desire the destruction of the wicked, it is a mitzvah for the truly devout to actively pray on behalf of their generation — to seek atonement for those who need atonement and to bring those who need to repent back to repentance.

Sanhedrin 37a offers a parallel narrative to the Berakhot story: Rabbi Zeira draws the wicked of his neighborhood close precisely in order to bring them to repentance, and when he dies they repent precisely because they recall that he used to pray for mercy on their behalf, confirming in practice that advocacy for the wicked's repentance is the proper posture.

The Tanach provides several models of interceding for, rather than against, sinners: Moshe in Shemot 32:30–35 ascends to God to seek forgiveness for the people of the Golden Calf and offers to be erased from God's record if they are not forgiven, while in Yonah 3:10–4:11 God's closing question — whether He should not care about Nineveh's multitudes — affirms divine compassion toward those who have gone astray; and Avraham in Bereishit 18:25 pleads that the Judge of all the earth not destroy the righteous together with the wicked.

Pirkei Avot 4:19 reinforces the attitudinal foundation by citing the pasuk in Mishlei warning that one who rejoices at the enemy's fall risks causing God to turn His anger away from that enemy — cautioning against any disposition of satisfaction at the wicked person's misfortune.

Tomer Devorah 1:28 and Likutei Moharan 282:1 carry the principle further: one who encounters evildoers must respond with mercy rather than cruelty, recognizing that every wicked person retains some spark of good, and that identifying that good and judging them favorably is itself the mechanism by which they can genuinely be brought to repentance.

Tanya, Part I; Likkutei Amarim 32 nuances the picture by distinguishing between a close colleague who has been properly rebuked and has not repented — for whom a measure of distancing is warranted — and those who are not one's intimate companions, toward whom Hillel's instruction applies: love the creatures and draw them near to Torah.

Source 1 · Tanach
Verified

Jonah 3:10–4:11

יונה ג׳:י׳-ד׳:י״א

Jonah 3:10-4:11

Jonah resents Nineveh’s reprieve, while God emphasizes compassion for a city capable of repentance. The passage sharply frames the tension between desiring judgment and hoping for teshuvah.

וַיַּ֤רְא הָֽאֱלֹהִים֙ אֶת־מַ֣עֲשֵׂיהֶ֔ם כִּי־שָׁ֖בוּ מִדַּרְכָּ֣ם הָרָעָ֑ה וַיִּנָּ֣חֶם הָאֱלֹהִ֗ים עַל־הָרָעָ֛ה אֲשֶׁר־דִּבֶּ֥ר לַעֲשׂוֹת־לָהֶ֖ם וְלֹ֥א עָשָֽׂה׃ וַיִּתְפַּלֵּ֨ל אֶל־יְהֹוָ֜ה וַיֹּאמַ֗ר אָנָּ֤ה יְהֹוָה֙ הֲלוֹא־זֶ֣ה דְבָרִ֗י עַד־הֱיוֹתִי֙ עַל־אַדְמָתִ֔י עַל־כֵּ֥ן קִדַּ֖מְתִּי לִבְרֹ֣חַ תַּרְשִׁ֑ישָׁה כִּ֣י יָדַ֗עְתִּי כִּ֤י אַתָּה֙ אֵֽל־חַנּ֣וּן וְרַח֔וּם אֶ֤רֶךְ אַפַּ֙יִם֙ וְרַב־חֶ֔סֶד וְנִחָ֖ם עַל־הָרָעָֽה׃ וַֽאֲנִי֙ לֹ֣א אָח֔וּס עַל־נִינְוֵ֖ה הָעִ֣יר הַגְּדוֹלָ֑ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר יֶשׁ־בָּ֡הּ הַרְבֵּה֩ מִֽשְׁתֵּים־עֶשְׂרֵ֨ה רִבּ֜וֹ אָדָ֗ם אֲשֶׁ֤ר לֹֽא־יָדַע֙ בֵּין־יְמִינ֣וֹ לִשְׂמֹאל֔וֹ וּבְהֵמָ֖ה רַבָּֽה׃

God saw what they did, how they were turning back from their evil ways. And God renounced the punishment that had been planned for them, and did not carry it out. He prayed to GOD, saying, “O ETERNAL One! Isn’t this just what I said when I was still in my own country? That is why I fled beforehand to Tarshish. For I know that You are a compassionate and gracious God, slow to anger, abounding in kindness, renouncing punishment. And should not I care about Nineveh, that great city, in which there are more than a hundred and twenty thousand persons who do not yet know their right hand from their left, and many animals as well!”

Source 2 · Tanach
Verified

Genesis 18:23–33

בראשית י״ח

Genesis 18:25

Abraham pleads for Sodom if righteous people can be found there, establishing a paradigm of intercession and reluctance to accept collective destruction even amid grave wickedness.

חָלִ֨לָה לְּךָ֜ מֵעֲשֹׂ֣ת ׀ כַּדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֗ה לְהָמִ֤ית צַדִּיק֙ עִם־רָשָׁ֔ע וְהָיָ֥ה כַצַּדִּ֖יק כָּרָשָׁ֑ע חָלִ֣לָה לָּ֔ךְ הֲשֹׁפֵט֙ כׇּל־הָאָ֔רֶץ לֹ֥א יַעֲשֶׂ֖ה מִשְׁפָּֽט׃

Source 3 · Tanach
Verified

Exodus 32:30–35

שמות ל״ב:ל׳-ל״ה

Exodus 32:30-35

After the Golden Calf, Moses asks God to forgive Israel and offers himself on their behalf, modeling advocacy for sinners and national repentance rather than simply praying for their demise.

וַֽיְהִי֙ מִֽמׇּחֳרָ֔ת וַיֹּ֤אמֶר מֹשֶׁה֙ אֶל־הָעָ֔ם אַתֶּ֥ם חֲטָאתֶ֖ם חֲטָאָ֣ה גְדֹלָ֑ה וְעַתָּה֙ אֶֽעֱלֶ֣ה אֶל־יְהֹוָ֔ה אוּלַ֥י אֲכַפְּרָ֖ה בְּעַ֥ד חַטַּאתְכֶֽם׃ וַיָּ֧שׇׁב מֹשֶׁ֛ה אֶל־יְהֹוָ֖ה וַיֹּאמַ֑ר אָ֣נָּ֗א חָטָ֞א הָעָ֤ם הַזֶּה֙ חֲטָאָ֣ה גְדֹלָ֔ה וַיַּֽעֲשׂ֥וּ לָהֶ֖ם אֱלֹהֵ֥י זָהָֽב׃ וְעַתָּ֖ה אִם־תִּשָּׂ֣א חַטָּאתָ֑ם וְאִם־אַ֕יִן מְחֵ֣נִי נָ֔א מִֽסִּפְרְךָ֖ אֲשֶׁ֥ר כָּתָֽבְתָּ׃

The next day Moses said to the people, “You have been guilty of a great sin. Yet I will now go up to GOD; perhaps I may win forgiveness for your sin.” Moses went back to GOD and said, “Alas, this people is guilty of a great sin in making for themselves a god of gold. Now, if You will forgive their sin [well and good]; but if not, erase me from the record that You have written!”

Source 4 · Tanach
Verified

Psalms 104:35

תהילים ק״ד:ל״ה

Psalms 104:35

The psalm concludes, “May sinners cease from the earth and the wicked be no more.” Chazal debate whether this means praying for the disappearance of sinners or for sin itself to disappear, making this a central biblical source for the question.

יִתַּ֤מּוּ חַטָּאִ֨ים ׀ מִן־הָאָ֡רֶץ וּרְשָׁעִ֤ים ׀ ע֤וֹד אֵינָ֗ם בָּרְכִ֣י נַ֭פְשִׁי אֶת־יְהֹוָ֗ה הַֽלְלוּ־יָֽהּ׃

See also

Source 5 · Chazal
Verified

Berakhot 10a

ברכות י׳ א

Berakhot 10a:2

The Gemara recounts Beruriah’s rebuke of Rabbi Meir, who prayed for the destruction of troublesome sinners. She directs him to pray that they repent, grounding the preference for the removal of sin rather than the death of sinners in Proverbs 10:12.

הָנְהוּ בִּרְיוֹנֵי דַּהֲווֹ בְּשִׁבָבוּתֵיהּ דְּרַבִּי מֵאִיר וַהֲווֹ קָא מְצַעֲרוּ לֵיהּ טוּבָא. הֲוָה קָא בָּעֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר רַחֲמֵי עִלָּוַיְהוּ כִּי הֵיכִי דְּלֵימוּתוּ. אָמְרָה לֵיהּ בְּרוּרְיָא דְּבֵיתְהוּ: מַאי דַּעְתָּךְ — מִשּׁוּם דִּכְתִיב ״יִתַּמּוּ חַטָּאִים״, מִי כְּתִיב ״חוֹטְאִים״? ״חַטָּאִים״ כְּתִיב. וְעוֹד, שְׁפֵיל לְסֵיפֵיהּ דִּקְרָא ״וּרְשָׁעִים עוֹד אֵינָם״, כֵּיוָן דְּ״יִתַּמּוּ חַטָּאִים״ ״וּרְשָׁעִים עוֹד אֵינָם״? אֶלָּא בְּעִי רַחֲמֵי עִלָּוַיְהוּ דְּלַהְדְּרוּ בִּתְשׁוּבָה, ״וּרְשָׁעִים עוֹד אֵינָם״. בְּעָא רַחֲמֵי עִלָּוַיְהוּ, וַהֲדַרוּ בִּתְשׁוּבָה.

With regard to the statement of Rabbi Yehuda, son of Rabbi Shimon ben Pazi, that David did not say Halleluya until he saw the downfall of the wicked, the Gemara relates: There were these hooligans in Rabbi Meir’s neighborhood who caused him a great deal of anguish. Rabbi Meir prayed for God to have mercy on them, that they should die. Rabbi Meir’s wife, Berurya, said to him: What is your thinking? On what basis do you pray for the death of these hooligans? Do you base yourself on the verse, as it is written: “Let sins cease from the land” (Psalms 104:35), which you interpret to mean that the world would be better if the wicked were destroyed? But is it written, let sinners cease?” Let sins cease, is written. One should pray for an end to their transgressions, not for the demise of the transgressors themselves. Moreover, go to the end of the verse, where it says: “And the wicked will be no more.” If, as you suggest, transgressions shall cease refers to the demise of the evildoers, how is it possible that the wicked will be no more, i.e., that they will no longer be evil? Rather, pray for God to have mercy on them, that they should repent, as if they repent, then the wicked will be no more, as they will have repented. Rabbi Meir saw that Berurya was correct and he prayed for God to have mercy on them, and they repented.

Source 6 · Chazal
attested

זהר, וירא ר

זהר, וירא ר

Rabbi holds it is a mitzvah to pray for the wicked that they repent and not enter Gehinnom, while Rabbi Assi holds it is forbidden to pray for the wicked to be removed from the world, since had the Holy One removed Terach when he was an idolater, Abraham would never have been born and Israel's tribes, King David, the Messiah, the Torah, and all the righteous, pious ones, and prophets would not exist; Rabbi Yehudah adds that when the Holy One sees no good will come from the wicked, then He sends His angels, as in the case of Sodom.

אמר רבי, מצוה לו לאדם להתפלל על הרשעים, כדי שיחזרו למוטב, ולא יכנסו לגיהנם, דכתיב ואני בחלותם לבושי שק וגו', ואמר רבי אסור לו לאדם להתפלל על הרשעים, שיסתלקו מן העולם, שאלמלא סלקו הקב"ה לתרח מן העולם כשהיה עובד עבודה זרה, לא בא אברהם אבינו לעולם ושבטי ישראל לא היו, והמלך דוד ומלך המשיח והתורה לא נתנה, וכל אותם הצדיקים והחסידים והנביאים לא היו בעולם. אמר רבי יהודה כיון שרואה הקב"ה שלא נמצא ברשעים כלום מכל אותם הענינים, מה כתיב, ויבאו שני המלאכים סדומה וגו'.

Source 7 · Chazal
Verified

Pirkei Avot 4:19

משנה אבות ד׳:י״ט

Pirkei Avot 4:19

Shmuel Hakatan cites a Proverb instructing one not to rejoice at an enemy's fall or stumble, lest the Lord witness this and be displeased, causing Him to turn away His wrath from that enemy.

שְׁמוּאֵל הַקָּטָן אוֹמֵר, (משלי כד) בִּנְפֹל אוֹיִבְךָ אַל תִּשְׂמָח וּבִכָּשְׁלוֹ אַל יָגֵל לִבֶּךָ, פֶּן יִרְאֶה ה' וְרַע בְּעֵינָיו וְהֵשִׁיב מֵעָלָיו אַפּוֹ:

Shmuel Hakatan said: “If your enemy falls, do not exult; if he trips, let your heart not rejoice, lest the Lord see it and be displeased, and avert his wrath from him” (Proverbs 24:17).

See also

  • Berakhot 28bunverifiedFiled under: Overview of the Amidah I: History, Structure, and Purpose
  • Berakhot 32aunverifiedFiled under: Overview of the Amidah I: History, Structure, and Purpose
  • Berakhot 34aunverifiedFiled under: Overview of the Amidah I: History, Structure, and Purpose
Source 8 · Chazal
Verified

Sanhedrin 37a

סנהדרין ל״ז א

Sanhedrin 37a:8

The teaching that whoever saves one Jewish life is as though saving an entire world underscores the value of preserving life and cautions against treating a person’s destruction casually.

הָנְהוּ בִּרְיוֹנֵי דַּהֲווֹ בְּשִׁיבָבוּתֵיהּ דְּרַבִּי זֵירָא, דַּהֲוָה מְקָרֵב לְהוּ כִּי הֵיכִי דְּנֶיהְדְּרוּ לְהוּ בִּתְיוּבְתָּא, וַהֲווֹ קָפְדִי רַבָּנַן. כִּי נָח נַפְשֵׁיהּ דְּרַבִּי זֵירָא, אָמְרִי: עַד הָאִידָּנָא הֲוָה חֲרִיכָא קַטִּין שָׁקֵיהּ דַּהֲוָה בָּעֵי עֲלַן רַחֲמֵי, הַשְׁתָּא מַאן בָּעֵי עֲלַן רַחֲמֵי? הַרְהֲרוּ בְּלִבַּיְיהוּ וַעֲבַדוּ תְּשׁוּבָה. לְפִיכָךְ נִבְרָא אָדָם יְחִידִי, לְלַמֶּדְךָ שֶׁכׇּל הַמְאַבֵּד נֶפֶשׁ אַחַת מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל, מַעֲלֶה עָלָיו הַכָּתוּב כְּאִילּוּ אִיבֵּד עוֹלָם מָלֵא. וְכׇל הַמְקַיֵּים נֶפֶשׁ אַחַת מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל, מַעֲלֶה עָלָיו הַכָּתוּב כְּאִילּוּ קִיֵּים עוֹלָם מָלֵא.

The Gemara relates: There were certain hooligans [biryonei] who were living in the neighborhood of Rabbi Zeira. He brought them close, i.e., treated them with friendship, in order to cause them to repent of their sins, but the other Sages disapproved of his actions. When Rabbi Zeira died, those hooligans said: Until now, there was the short one with singed legs, i.e., Rabbi Zeira, who would pray for compassion for us. Who will pray for compassion for us now? They thought about this in their hearts and repented. Ultimately, Rabbi Zeira’s actions were proven correct, as they repented. The court tells the witnesses: Therefore, Adam the first man was created alone, to teach you that with regard to anyone who destroys one soul from the Jewish people, i.e., kills one Jew, the verse ascribes him blame as if he destroyed an entire world, as Adam was one person, from whom the population of an entire world came forth. And conversely, anyone who sustains one soul from the Jewish people, the verse ascribes him credit as if he sustained an entire world.

Source 9 · Chazal
Verified

Berakhot 5a

ברכות ה׳ א — ד"ה אָמַר רָבָא

Berakhot 5a:9

Rava (or Rav Chisda) teaches that when suffering befalls a person, one should examine one's actions for transgression; if no transgression is found, one may attribute the suffering to neglect of Torah study, which God uses as a means of returning the person to Torah learning.

אָמַר רָבָא, וְאִיתֵּימָא רַב חִסְדָּא: אִם רוֹאֶה אָדָם שֶׁיִּסּוּרִין בָּאִין עָלָיו — יְפַשְׁפֵּשׁ בְּמַעֲשָׂיו, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״נַחְפְּשָׂה דְרָכֵינוּ וְנַחְקֹרָה וְנָשׁוּבָה עַד ה׳״. פִּשְׁפֵּשׁ וְלֹא מָצָא — יִתְלֶה בְּבִטּוּל תּוֹרָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״אַשְׁרֵי הַגֶּבֶר אֲשֶׁר תְּיַסְּרֶנּוּ יָּהּ וּמִתּוֹרָתְךָ תְלַמְּדֶנּוּ״.

Previously, the Gemara discussed suffering that results from one’s transgressions. The Gemara shifts the focus and discusses suffering that does not result from one’s transgressions and the suffering of the righteous. Rava, and some say Rav Ḥisda, said: If a person sees that suffering has befallen him, he should examine his actions. Generally, suffering comes about as punishment for one’s transgressions, as it is stated: “We will search and examine our ways, and return to God” (Lamentations 3:40). If he examined his ways and found no transgression for which that suffering is appropriate, he may attribute his suffering to dereliction in the study of Torah. God punishes an individual for dereliction in the study of Torah in order to emphasize the gravity of the issue, as it is stated: “Happy is the man whom You punish, Lord, and teach out of Your law” (Psalms 94:12). This verse teaches us that his suffering will cause him to return to Your law.

Source 10 · Rishonim
Verified

Mishneh Torah, Repentance 7:5

משנה תורה, תשובה פרק ז

Mishneh Torah, Repentance 7:5

Rambam teaches that repentance brings the penitent close to God and is a great virtue, presenting teshuvah as the desired transformation of the sinner rather than mere punishment.

כָּל הַנְּבִיאִים כֻּלָּן צִוּוּ עַל הַתְּשׁוּבָה וְאֵין יִשְׂרָאֵל נִגְאָלִין אֶלָּא בִּתְשׁוּבָה. וּכְבָר הִבְטִיחָה תּוֹרָה שֶׁסּוֹף יִשְׂרָאֵל לַעֲשׂוֹת תְּשׁוּבָה בְּסוֹף גָּלוּתָן וּמִיָּד הֵן נִגְאָלִין שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים ל א) "וְהָיָה כִי יָבֹאוּ עָלֶיךָ כָּל הַדְּבָרִים" וְגוֹ' (דברים ל ב) "וְשַׁבְתָּ עַד ה' אֱלֹהֶיךָ" (דברים ל ג) "וְשָׁב ה' אֱלֹהֶיךָ" וְגוֹ':

Source 11 · Rishonim
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Sefer HaChinukh 239

ספר החינוך רל״ט — ד"ה מִשָּׁרְשֵׁי הַמִּצְוָה

Sefer HaChinukh 239:2

In explaining the prohibition of taking revenge, the Chinukh emphasizes disciplined moral response and entrusting ultimate judgment to God. It is relevant to distinguishing prayer for justice from vindictive hatred.

מִשָּׁרְשֵׁי הַמִּצְוָה. לְפִי שֶׁיֵּשׁ בָּזֶה שָׁלוֹם וְטוֹבָה בֵּין אֲנָשִׁים, כִּי כְּשֶׁיֶּחֱטָא אִישׁ לְאִישׁ וְיוֹכִיחֶנּוּ בְּמִסְתָּרִים יִתְנַצֵּל לְפָנָיו וִיקַבֵּל הִתְנַצְּלוּתוֹ וִישַׁלֵּם (י"ג וְיַשְׁלִים) עִמּוֹ, וְאִם לֹא יוֹכִיחֶנּוּ יִשְׂטְמֶנּוּ בְּלִבּוֹ וְיַזִּיק אֵלָיו לְפִי שָׁעָה אוֹ לִזְמַן מִן הַזְּמַנִּים, כְּמוֹ שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר בָּרְשָׁעִים (שמואל ב יג כב) וְלֹא דִבֶּר אַבְשָׁלוֹם עִם אַמְנוֹן. וְכָל דַּרְכֵי הַתּוֹרָה דַּרְכֵי נֹעַם וּנְתִיבוֹתֶיהָ שָׁלוֹם. מִדִּינֵי הַמִּצְוָה. מָה שֶׁאָמְרוּ זִכְרוֹנָם לִבְרָכָה (ערכין טז ב) שֶׁחִיּוּב מִצְוָה זוֹ עַד הַכָּאָה, כְּלוֹמַר שֶׁחַיָּב הַמּוֹכִיחַ לְהַרְבּוֹת תּוֹכְחוֹתָיו אֶל הַחוֹטֵא עַד כְּדֵי שֶׁיִּהְיֶה קָרוֹב הַחוֹטֵא לְהַכּוֹת אֶת הַמּוֹכִיחַ. וּמִכָּל מָקוֹם, אָמְרוּ זִכְרוֹנָם לִבְרָכָה (שם) גַּם כֵּן, שֶׁאִם יִרְאֶה הַמּוֹכִיחַ שֶׁאֵין בְּדִבְרֵי תּוֹכְחוֹתָיו שׁוּם תּוֹעֶלֶת נִמְצָא, מִתּוֹךְ גֹּדֶל רֶשַׁע הַחוֹטֵא, אוֹ שֶׁהוּא אַלָּם וְרָשָׁע בְּיוֹתֵר וּמִתְיָרֵא מִמֶּנּוּ שֶׁלֹּא יַעֲמֹד עָלָיו וְיַהַרְגֶנּוּ שֶׁאֵינוֹ חַיָּב בְּמִצְוָה זוֹ בְּאִישׁ כָּזֶה, וְזֶהוּ אָמְרָם זִכְרוֹנָם לִבְרָכָה (יבמות סה ב) כְּשֵׁם שֶׁמִּצְוָה לוֹמַר דָּבָר הַנִּשְׁמָע, כָּךְ מִצְוָה לִשְׁתֹּק בְּמָקוֹם שֶׁאֵין הַדָּבָר נִשְׁמָע, לְפִי שֶׁיִּהְיֶה בָּעִנְיָן קָלוֹן לַמּוֹכִיחַ וְלֹא תּוֹעֶלֶת לַאֲשֶׁר הוּכַח. וּמִכָּל מָקוֹם יֵשׁ לְהִתְיַשֵּׁב לְכָל בַּעַל נֶפֶשׁ וּלְהַשְׁגִּיחַ הַרְבֵּה בְּעִנְיָנִים אֵלֶּה, וְלַחְשֹׁב וְלִרְאוֹת אִם יִהְיֶה תּוֹעֶלֶת בִּדְבָרָיו אֶל הַחוֹטֵא, שֶׁיּוֹכִיחֶנּוּ וְיִבְטַח בַּשֵּׁם יִתְבָּרַךְ, כִּי הוּא יַעְזְרֶנּוּ בְּהִלָּחֲמוֹ עִם שׂוֹנְאָיו, וְאַל יֵרַךְ לְבָבוֹ וְלֹא יִירָא, כִּי הַשֵּׁם שׁוֹמֵר אֶת כָּל אֹהֲבָיו וְאֵת כָּל הָרְשָׁעִים יַשְׁמִיד, וְאִם יָשׁוּב הַחוֹטֵא יִהְיֶה לוֹ בָּזֶה שָׂכָר גָּדוֹל, וּמִי שֶׁבְּיָדוֹ לַהֲשִׁיבוֹ וְלִמְחוֹת בּוֹ וְלֹא מָחָה הוּא נִתְפָּשׂ עַל חֶטְאוֹ, וְזֶה דָּבָר בָּרוּר מִדִּבְרֵי רַבּוֹתֵינוּ (שבת נה א), גַּם מִן הַכָּתוּב (ישעיהוג יד). וְעוֹד אָמְרוּ זִכְרוֹנָם לִבְרָכָה (שם) שֶׁאֲפִילּוּ הַקָּטָן חַיָּב לְהוֹכִיחַ הַגָּדוֹל אִם יִרְאֶה הַגָּדוֹל הוֹלֵךְ בְּדֶרֶךְ לֹא טוֹב. וְיֶתֶר פְּרָטֵי מִצְוָה זוֹ, נִתְבָּאֵר בִּמְקוֹמוֹת מְפֻזָּרִים בַּתַּלְמוּד [הל' דעות פ"ו].

It is from the roots of the commandment [that it is] because there is peace and goodness between people with this. As when a man sins to a man, and he rebukes him privately, he will apologize in front of him, and [the other] will accept his apology and he will be whole (some have the variant, at peace) with him. But if he does not rebuke him, he will loathe him in his heart and injure him at the time or at some [other] point in time, as it is stated about evildoers (II Samuel 13:22), “And Avshalom did not speak with Amnon.” And “all the ways of the Torah are pleasant and its paths are peace”. From the laws of the commandment is that which they, may their memory be blessed, said (Arakhin 16b) that the obligation of this commandment is until hitting — meaning to say that the one rebuking is obligated to multiply his rebukes upon the sinner until it is enough that the sinner is close to hitting the one rebuking. And nonetheless they, may their memory be blessed, also said (Arakhin 16b) that if the one rebuking sees that there is no benefit at all found from the words of his rebukes — from the greatness of the sinner’s evil, or that he is deaf [to it] and extremely evil and [the rebuker] is afraid of him that he not stand against him and kill him — that he is not obligated in this commandment with this man. And this is what they, may their memory be blessed, said (Yevamot 65b), “In the same way as it is a commandment to say something that will be heard, so [too,] is it a commandment to be quiet in a place where the thing will not be heard” — since there would be disgrace in the matter for the one who is rebuking and no benefit to the one who is rebuked. And nonetheless, it is for every careful person to consider and to pay great attention to these matters and to think and see if there will be a benefit to the sinner with his words, such that he should rebuke him and trust in God, may He be blessed — as He will help him in his fight with His enemies. And let his heart not be soft and let him not fear, since “the Lord protects all those that love Him and He obliterates all of the evildoers.” And if the sinner returns, he will have great reward for this. But the one who has in his hand [the possibility of] bringing him back and rebuking him, and does not rebuke him, is caught in his sin. And this is something clear from the words of our Rabbis (Shabbat 55a) and also from Scripture (Isaiah 3:14). And they, may their memory be blessed, also said (Yevamot 65b) that even a minor is obligated to rebuke an adult if he sees the adult going in a path that is not good. [These] and the rest of the details of the commandment are elucidated in scattered [places] in the Talmud. (See Mishneh Torah, Laws of Human Dispositions 6.)

Source 12 · Acharonim
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Be'er HaGolah, Well 7 6:8

מהר"ל, באר הגולה ז, וראה שם עוד

Be'er HaGolah, Well 7 6:8

Rabbi Meir sought mercy upon the wicked so that they would die, but rather he should have sought mercy upon them so that they would return in teshuva; from this it appears that Rabbi Meir thought it proper to pray for the death of the wicked, yet his wife said it is not fitting to pray for this, since even a wicked person may repent from sin, and therefore they taught a lesson about prayer—warning that our prayers should not be for the death of the wicked, but rather that sins not be found among them, for they should return to God.

הוי קא בעי רבי מאיר רחמי עלייהו כי היכי דלימותו. אלא בעי עלייהו רחמי דלהדרו בתשובה, עד כאן. הרי לך כי רבי מאיר חשב* דלבעי רחמי שימותו הרשעים, ואמרה לו אשתו שאין ראוי להתפלל על זה, אף שהוא רשע, אין להתפלל עליו שימות, מאחר שאפשר שישוב מחטאו. אם כן הם למדו ענין התפילה, והזהירו שלא יהיו* תפילותינו אף על הרשעים שימותו, רק שלא יהיו נמצאים החטאים, כי ישובו אל השם יתברך.

Source 13 · Acharonim
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Mesillat Yesharim 19

מסילת ישרים י״ט — ד"ה שֶׁאֵין הקב"ה חָפֵץ בְּאָבְדָן הָרְשָׁעִים

Mesillat Yesharim 19:130

Ramchal’s discussion of piety describes love for God, concern for the honor of Heaven, and proper motives in religious action. It helps distinguish zeal against evil from hatred of people and personal vindictiveness.

שֶׁאֵין הקב"ה חָפֵץ בְּאָבְדָן הָרְשָׁעִים, אֶלָּא מִצְוָה מֻטֶּלֶת עַל הַחֲסִידִים לְהִשְׁתַּדֵּל לְזַכּוֹתָם וּלְכַפֵּר עֲלֵיהֶם. וְזֶה צָרִיךְ שֶׁיַּעֲשֶׂה בְּכַוָּנַת עֲבוֹדָתוֹ, וְגַם בִּתְפִלָּתוֹ בְּפֹעַל דְּהַיְנוּ שֶׁיִּתְפַּלֵּל עַל דּוֹרוֹ לְכַפֵּר עַל מִי שֶׁצָּרִיךְ כַּפָּרָה וּלְהָשִׁיב בִּתְשׁוּבָה מִי שֶׁצָּרִיךְ לָהּ, וּלְלַמֵּד סָנֵגוֹרְיָא עַל הַדּוֹר כֻּלּוֹ.

For the Holy One, blessed be He, does not desire the destruction of the wicked. It is rather a mitzva incumbent on the Pious to strive to bring merit to them and to atone for them. This intention needs to be included in his divine service and also be an actual part of his prayers, namely, to pray on behalf of his generation, to atone for he who needs atonement, to bring to repentance he who needs to repent, and to plead in defense of his entire generation.

Source 14 · Acharonim
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Tomer Devorah 1

תומר דבורה א׳ — ד"ה וְכָךְ יִהְיֶה הָאָדָם אַף אִם יִפְגַּע

Tomer Devorah 1:28

The opening treatment of imitating the divine attributes focuses on patience, compassion, and bearing with those who offend. It provides a mystical-mussar framework for seeking mercy and teshuvah while God delays punishment.

וְכָךְ יִהְיֶה הָאָדָם אַף אִם יִפְגַּע בָּרְשָׁעִים אַל יִתְאַכְזֵר כְּנֶגְדָּם אוֹ יְחָרְפֵם וְכַיּוֹצֵא, אֶלָּא יְרַחֵם עֲלֵיהֶם, וְיֹאמַר סוֹף סוֹף הֵם בְּנֵי אַבְרָהָם יִצְחָק וְיַעֲקֹב, אִם הֵם אֵינָם כְּשֵׁרִים, אֲבוֹתֵיהֶם כְּשֵׁרִים וַהֲגוּנִים, וְהַמְּבַזֶּה הַבָּנִים מְבַזֶּה הָאָבוֹת, אֵין רְצוֹנִי שֶׁיִּתְבַּזּוּ אֲבוֹתֵיהֶם עַל יָדִי, וּמְכַסֶּה עֶלְבּוֹנָם וּמְתַקְּנָם כְּפִי כֹחוֹ. כָּךְ הָאָדָם יְתַקֵּן הַנְהָגָתוֹ עִם בְּנֵי אָדָם שֶׁאֲפִלּוּ שֶׁלֹּא יִמְצָא טַעֲנָה מֵאֵלּוּ הַנִּזְכָּרוֹת יֹאמַר כְּבָר הָיוּ שָׁעָה קֹדֶם שֶׁלֹּא חָטְאוּ וַהֲרֵי אֹתָהּ שָׁעָה אוֹ בְּיָמִים קַדְמוֹנִים הָיוּ כְּשֵׁרִים וְיִזְכֹּר לָהֶם הַטּוֹבָה שֶׁעָשׂוּ בְּקַטְנוּתָם וְיִזְכֹּר לָהֶם אַהֲבַת גְּמוּלֵי מֵחָלָב עַתִּיקֵי מִשָּׁדָיִם וּבָזֶה לֹא יִמָּצֵא אָדָם שֶׁאֵינוֹ רָאוּי לְהֵטִיבוֹ וּלְהִתְפַּלֵּל עַל שְׁלוֹמוֹ וּלְרַחֵם עָלָיו.

And so should a person be if he meets evildoers: He should not be cruel towards them or curse them and similar [to these things]. Rather, he should have mercy upon them and say, "In the end, they are the children of Avraham, Yitschak and Yaakov. If they are not fit, their fathers were fit and proper. And one who disgraces the children, disgraces the fathers. [Hence] I do not desire that they be disgraced through me." And he covers their insult and refines them according to his ability. So [should] a person refine his behavior with people, such that even if he does not find an argument from those mentioned [in the other traits], he should say, "There were already times when they did not sin. And behold, that time, or those earlier days, they were fit." And he [should] remember for them that good that they did in their childhood, and remember for them the love of the 'ones weaned from milk, removed from the breasts.' And through this, there will not be a man who will not be fit to benefit, to pray for his welfare and to have mercy upon him.

Source 15 · Acharonim
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Nefesh HaChayim, Gate IV 31

נפש החיים, שער ד ל״א — ד"ה כי עיקר התשובה שלימה האמתית שהיא

Nefesh HaChayim, Gate IV 31:9

Rav Chaim Volozhiner emphasizes Torah’s sanctifying and corrective power. In the context of the question, this supports directing spiritual effort toward reform and the elevation of people rather than wishing them dead.

כי עיקר התשובה שלימה האמתית שהיא מאהבה. הוא רק ע״י עסק התורה כראוי כמ״ש במעלות התורה אוהב את המקום. וכמ״ש השיבנו אבינו לתורתך כו' והחזירנו בתשובה שלימה לפניך. ובזוהר ויקרא כ״א א' כד ב״נ אתרחיק מאורייתא רחיק הוא מקב״ה. ומאן דקריב לאורייתא קריב לי' קב״ה בהדי'. כי על כל פשעים תכסה אהבת התורה כמ״ש בתד״א סא״ר פ״ג ע״ז הפסוק. וכן אמרו (פתיח' איכה) המאור שבה מחזירו למוטב. ובפ' החליל (סוכה נ״ב ב') אם פגע בך מנוול זה משכהו לב״המד אם אבן הוא נימוח וכו'. וכעין זה אמרו בתנחומא פ' האזינו ע״ש. ובב״ר פכ״ב אם בא יצרך להשחיקך שמחהו בד״ת. ובמדרש תהלים סוף מזמור ל״ד אם עמד עליך יצ״הר האכילהו לחמה של תורה כו'.

For the essence of true complete repentance that arises out of love is only via involvement with Torah to the level it deserves, as is written in the chapter of the levels of Torah (Avot, chapter 6): “…loves the Ma-kome”, and as is written “Return us, our Father, to your Torah… and restore us before you with a complete repentance”. And in Zohar Va-yikra (21a): “When a person distances himself from the Torah, he is far from the Holy One (blessed be He). And one who comes closer to the Torah, the Holy One (blessed be He) brings him closer to Him.” For the love of Torah will cover up all sins, as is written in Tahna D’vei Eliyahu, Seder Eliyahu Rabba (chapter 3) on this verse (Mishlei 10:12). And so too they wrote in P’tee-kha-ta Eikha (2): “The lamp with which he is returned to good condition”. And in Perek Heh-kha-leel (Sukka 52b): “If that revolting one engages you, drag him to the study hall; if he is a stone, he will dissolve... .” And they said something similar to this in Tahn-khooma, parshat Ha-ah-zeenu, refer there [for more details]. And in Bereshit Rabba (parsha 22): “If your inclination comes to wear you down, entertain him with words of Torah”. And in Midrash T’hillim (end of Mizmor 34): “If the evil inclination waits for you, feed him the bread of Torah.”

Source 16 · Hasidic
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Likutei Moharan 282

ליקוטי מוהר"ן רפ״ב — ד"ה דַּע

Likutei Moharan 282:1

Rabbi Nachman teaches the obligation to search for the good point even in another person, including one who appears deeply flawed. This creates a practical spiritual posture of seeking merit and opening the possibility of repentance.

דַּע, כִּי צָרִיךְ לָדוּן אֶת כָּל אָדָם לְכַף זְכוּת, וַאֲפִלּוּ מִי שֶׁהוּא רָשָׁע גָּמוּר, צָרִיךְ לְחַפֵּשׂ וְלִמְצֹא בּוֹ אֵיזֶה מְעַט טוֹב, שֶׁבְּאוֹתוֹ הַמְּעַט אֵינוֹ רָשָׁע, וְעַל יְדֵי זֶה שֶׁמּוֹצֵא בּוֹ מְעַט טוֹב, וְדָן אוֹתוֹ לְכַף זְכוּת, עַל־יְדֵי־זֶה מַעֲלֶה אוֹתוֹ בֶּאֱמֶת לְכַף זְכוּת, וְיוּכַל לַהֲשִׁיבוֹ בִּתְשׁוּבָה.

Know, a person must judge everyone favorably (Avot 1:6). Even someone who is completely wicked, it is necessary to search and find in him some modicum of good; that in that little bit he is not wicked. And by finding in him a modicum of good and judging him favorably, one genuinely elevates him to the scale of merit and can bring him to repent.

Source 17 · Hasidic
Verified

Tanya 32

תניא, חלק ראשון; ליקוטי אמרים ל״ב — ד"ה וּמַה שֶּׁכָּתוּב בַּגְּמָרָא

Tanya, Part I; Likkutei Amarim 32:4

Tanya’s famous discussion of Jewish unity teaches that love of another Jew is rooted in the soul, while bodily differences and sin are secondary. It strongly supports separating hatred of sin from hatred of the sinner.

וּמַה שֶּׁכָּתוּב בַּגְּמָרָא, שֶׁמִּי שֶׁרוֹאֶה בַּחֲבֵירוֹ שֶׁחָטָא – מִצְוָה לִשְׂנֹאותוֹ, וְגַם לוֹמַר לְרַבּוֹ שֶׁיִּשְׂנָאֵהוּ. הַיְינוּ – בַּחֲבֵירוֹ בְּתוֹרָה וּמִצְוֹת, וּכְבָר קִיֵּים בּוֹ מִצְוַת ״הוֹכֵחַ תּוֹכִיחַ אֶת עֲמִיתֶךָ״ – עַם שֶׁאִתְּךָ בְּתוֹרָה וּבְמִצְוֹת, וְאַף־עַל־פִּי־כֵן לֹא שָׁב מֵחֶטְאוֹ, כְּמוֹ שֶׁכָּתוּב בְּסֵפֶר חֲרֵדִים. אֲבָל מִי שֶׁאֵינוֹ חֲבֵירוֹ וְאֵינוֹ מְקוֹרָב אֶצְלוֹ, הִנֵּה עַל זֶה אָמַר הִלֵּל הַזָּקֵן: ״הֱוֵי מִתַּלְמִידָיו שֶׁל אַהֲרֹן, אוֹהֵב שָׁלוֹם וְכוּ׳, אוֹהֵב אֶת הַבְּרִיּוֹת וּמְקָרְבָן לַתּוֹרָה״. לוֹמַר, שֶׁאַף הָרְחוֹקִים מִתּוֹרַת ה׳ וַעֲבוֹדָתוֹ, וְלָכֵן נִקְרָאִים בְּשֵׁם ״בְּרִיּוֹת״ בְּעָלְמָא – צָרִיךְ לְמָשְׁכָן בְּחַבְלֵי עֲבוֹתוֹת אַהֲבָה, וְכוּלֵּי הַאי וְאוּלַי יוּכַל לְקָרְבָן לְתוֹרָה וַעֲבוֹדַת ה׳; וְהֵן לָא – לֹא הִפְסִיד שְׂכַר מִצְוַת אַהֲבַת רֵיעִים. וְגַם הַמְקוֹרָבִים אֵלָיו וְהוֹכִיחָם וְלֹא שָׁבוּ מֵעֲוֹנוֹתֵיהֶם שֶׁמִּצְוָה לִשְׂנֹאותָם – מִצְוָה לְאָהֳבָם גַּם כֵּן. וּשְׁתֵּיהֶן הֵן אֱמֶת: שִׂנְאָה – מִצַּד הָרָע שֶׁבָּהֶם, וְאַהֲבָה – מִצַּד בְּחִינַת הַטּוֹב הַגָּנוּז שֶׁבָּהֶם, שֶׁהוּא נִיצוֹץ אֱלֹקוּת שֶׁבְּתוֹכָם הַמְחַיֶּה נַפְשָׁם הָאֱלֹקִית. וְגַם, לְעוֹרֵר רַחֲמִים בְּלִבּוֹ עָלֶיהָ, כִּי הִיא בִּבְחִינַת גָּלוּת בְּתוֹךְ הָרָע מִסִּטְרָא אָחֳרָא הַגּוֹבֵר עָלֶיהָ בָּרְשָׁעִים, וְהָרַחֲמָנוּת – מְבַטֶּלֶת הַשִּׂנְאָה וּמְעוֹרֶרֶת הָאַהֲבָה, כַּנּוֹדָע מִמַּה שֶּׁכָּתוּב: לְ״יַעֲקֹב אֲשֶׁר פָּדָה אֶת אַבְרָהָם״.

As for the Talmudic statement to the effect that one who sees his friend sinning should hate him and should tell his teacher to hate him also, this applies to a companion in Torah and precepts, having already applied to him the injunction, “You shall repeatedly rebuke your friend (amitecha),” meaning “He who is with you in Torah and precepts,” and who, nevertheless, has not repented of his sin, as stated in Sefer Charedim. But as for the person who is not one’s colleague and is not on intimate terms with him, Hillel the Elder said, “Be of the disciples of Aaron, loving peace and pursuing peace, loving the creatures and drawing them near to the Torah.” This means that even in the case of those who are removed from G–d’s Torah and His service and are therefore classified simply as “creatures,” one must attract them with strong cords of love, perchance one might succeed in drawing them near to the Torah and Divine service. Even if one fails, one has not forfeited the merit of the precept of neighborly love. Even with regard to those who are close to him, and whom he has rebuked, yet they had not repented of their sins, when he is enjoined to hate them, there still remains the duty to love them also, and both are right: hatred because of the wickedness in them, and love on account of the aspect of the hidden good in them, which is the Divine spark in them, which animates their divine soul. He should also awaken pity in his heart for [the divine soul], for she is held captive, as it were, in the evil of the sitra achara that triumphs over her in wicked people. Compassion destroys hatred and awakens love, as is known from the [interpretation of the] text, “To [the house of] Jacob who redeemed Abraham.”

Source 18 · Hasidic
Verified

Tanya 29

תניא, חלק ראשון; ליקוטי אמרים כ״ט — ד"ה וְלָזֹאת

Tanya, Part I; Likkutei Amarim 29:6

The Alter Rebbe explains how one should confront the inner force of evil without identifying the person entirely with that evil, using a disciplined spiritual struggle rather than despair. The passage is relevant to opposing wickedness while preserving hope for transformation.

וְלָזֹאת, צָרִיךְ לְבַטְּשָׁהּ וּלְהַשְׁפִּילָהּ לֶעָפָר, דְּהַיְינוּ, לִקְבּוֹעַ עִתִּים לְהַשְׁפִּיל עַצְמוֹ, לִהְיוֹת ״נִבְזֶה בְעֵינָיו נִמְאָס״, כַּכָּתוּב, וְ״לֵב נִשְׁבָּר״ – ״רוּחַ נִשְׁבָּרָה״, הִיא הַסִּטְרָא אָחֳרָא, שֶׁהִיא הִיא הָאָדָם עַצְמוֹ בַּבֵּינוֹנִים, שֶׁנֶּפֶשׁ הַחִיּוּנִית הַמְחַיָּה הַגּוּף, הִיא בְּתָקְפָּהּ כְּתוֹלַדְתָּהּ בְּלִבּוֹ, נִמְצָא – הִיא הִיא הָאָדָם עַצְמוֹ. וְהִנֵּה, כָּל מַה שֶּׁיַּאֲרִיךְ בְּעִנְיָינִים אֵלּוּ בְּמַחֲשַׁבְתּוֹ וְגַם בְּעִיּוּנוֹ בִּסְפָרִים, לִהְיוֹת לִבּוֹ נִשְׁבָּר בְּקִרְבּוֹ, וְ״נִבְזֶה בְעֵינָיו נִמְאָס״ כַּכָּתוּב, בְּתַכְלִית הַמִּיאוּס, וּלְמָאֵס חַיָּיו מַמָּשׁ, הֲרֵי בָּזֶה מְמָאֵס וּמְבַזֶּה הַסִּטְרָא אָחֳרָא וּמַשְׁפִּילָהּ לֶעָפָר, וּמוֹרִידָהּ מִגְּדוּלָּתָהּ וְגַסּוּת רוּחָהּ וְגַבְהוּתָהּ, שֶׁמַּגְבִּיהַּ אֶת עַצְמָהּ עַל אוֹר קְדוּשַּׁת נֶפֶשׁ הָאֱלֹהִית לְהַחֲשִׁיךְ אוֹרָהּ. וְגַם, יַרְעִים עָלֶיהָ בְּקוֹל רַעַשׁ וְרוֹגֶז לְהַשְׁפִּילָהּ, כְּמַאֲמַר רַבּוֹתֵינוּ־זִכְרוֹנָם־לִבְרָכָה: ״לְעוֹלָם יַרְגִּיז אָדָם יֵצֶר טוֹב עַל יֵצֶר הָרָע, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: רִגְזוּ וְגוֹ׳״, דְּהַיְינוּ, לִרְגּוֹז עַל נֶפֶשׁ הַבַּהֲמִית, שֶׁהִיא יִצְרוֹ הָרָע, בְּקוֹל רַעַשׁ וְרוֹגֶז בְּמַחֲשַׁבְתּוֹ, לוֹמַר לוֹ: ״אַתָּה רָע וְרָשָׁע וּמְשׁוּקָּץ וּמְתוֹעָב וּמְנֻוָּול וְכוּ׳ – כְּכָל הַשֵּׁמוֹת שֶׁקָּרְאוּ לוֹ חֲכָמֵינוּ־זִכְרוֹנָם־לִבְרָכָה – בֶּאֱמֶת; עַד מָתַי תַּסְתִּיר לִפְנֵי אוֹר־אֵין־סוֹף בָּרוּךְ־הוּא, הַמְמַלֵּא כָּל עָלְמִין, הָיָה הֹוֶה וְיִהְיֶה בְּשָׁוֶה, גַּם בְּמָקוֹם זֶה שֶׁאֲנִי עָלָיו, כְּמוֹ שֶׁהָיָה אוֹר אֵין־סוֹף בָּרוּךְ־הוּא לְבַדּוֹ קוֹדֶם שֶׁנִּבְרָא הָעוֹלָם, בְּלִי שׁוּם שִׁינּוּי, כְּמוֹ שֶׁכָּתוּב: ״אֲנִי ה׳ לֹא שָׁנִיתִי״, כִּי הוּא לְמַעְלָה מֵהַזְּמַן וְכוּ׳, וְאַתָּה מְנֻוָּול וְכוּ׳, מַכְחִישׁ הָאֱמֶת הַנִּרְאֶה לָעֵינַיִם, דְּכוּלָּא קַמֵּיהּ כְּלָא מַמָּשׁ בֶּאֱמֶת, בִּבְחִינַת רְאִיָּיה חוּשִׁיִּית״.

Therefore one must crush it and cast it down to the ground, that is to say, by setting aside appointed times for humbling oneself and considering oneself despicable and contemptible, as is written, “A broken heart, a broken spirit”—this is the sitra achara, which is the very man himself in benonim (intermediates), in whose heart the vital soul which animates the body is in its native strength; hence it is the very man himself. The longer he will reflect on these matters in his thoughts, delving deeply also into books, in order to break down his heart within him and render himself shamed and despised in his own eyes, as is written in the Scriptures, so utterly despised that he despises his very life—the more he despises and degrades thereby the sitra achara, casting it down to the ground and humbling it from its haughtiness and pride and self-exaltation, wherewith it exalts itself over the light of the holiness of the divine soul, obscuring its effulgence. He must also thunder against it with a strong and raging voice in order to humble it, as the Rabbis state, “A person should always rouse the good impulse against the evil impulse, as it is written, ‘Rage, and do not sin.’” That is to say, one must rage against the animal soul, which is his evil impulse, with stormy indignation in his mind, saying to it: “You are truly evil and wicked, abominable, loathsome, and disgraceful,” and likewise with all the epithets by which our Sages, of blessed memory, have called it, “How long will you conceal the light of the En Sof, blessed is He, which pervades all the worlds; which was, is, and will be the same, including also this place where I stand, just as the light of the En Sof, blessed is He, was alone before the world was created, without any change, as is written, ‘For I, the L–rd, have not changed,’ for He transcends time, and so forth? But you, who are repulsive, and so forth, deny the truth, which is plain to see, by physical sight, that everything in His presence is truly like nothing at all.”

Source 19 · Modern
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Ein Aya, Berakhot 1:123

עין איה, ברכות א׳:קכ״ג (ברכות י׳ ע״א) — ד"ה הנהו בריוני דהוו בשבבותי' דר"מ דהוו

Ein Aya, Berakhot 1:123

Rabbi Meir sought divine mercy for violent criminals troubling him to die, but his wife Bruriah corrected him by citing the verse "let sins cease from the earth" (reading it as "let sinners cease," not "sins"), arguing one should instead pray for the wicked to repent; Bruriah further teaches that no wicked person truly prefers the evil path but is compelled and misled by their inclination, therefore one should not despair of seeking mercy that even the greatest transgressors will return to righteous ways.

הנהו בריוני דהוו בשבבותי' דר"מ דהוו קא מצערו לי' טובא, הוה קא בעי ר"מ רחמי עליהו כי היכי דלימותו, א"ל ברוריא דביתהו, מאי דעתיך משום דכתיב יתמו חטאים מן הארץ, מי כתיב חוטאים חטאים כתיב, בעי רחמי עלייהו דליהדרו בתשובה כו'. אמנם ברוריה השכילה, כי אין לך רשע בעולם שלא הי' בוחר יותר ללכת בדרך טוב מדרך רע, אלא שיצרו אונסו ומטעהו, ע"כ הוא אומלל והולך בדרכי רשע. ע"כ אין להתיאש מלבקש רחמים שישובו לשמור ארחות צדק גם הפושעים היותר גדולים.

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    from our library copy — not yet checked against the original

  • Sotah 14aunverified

    ולפושעים יפגיע, שביקש רחמים על פושעי ישראל שיחזרו בתשובה.

    from our library copy — not yet checked against the original

  • יתמו חטאים מן הארץ, רבי יהודה אומר יתמו יעשו תמימים, ורשעים עוד אינם, אינם עוד רשעים, באותה שעה ברכי נפשי את ה'. רבי נחמיה אומר יתמו רשיעיא ורשעים עוד אינם, אותה שעה ברכי נפשי את ה'.

    from our library copy — not yet checked against the original

  • Berakhot 7aunverified

    ...מכאן שהקב"ה מתפלל, מאי מצלי, אמר רב זוטרא בר טוביה אמר רב יהי רצון מלפני שיכבשו רחמי את כעסי, ויגולו רחמי על מדותי, ואתנהג עם בני במדת רחמים ואכנס להם לפנים משורת הדין.

    from our library copy — not yet checked against the original

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