Talmudתלמוד

Stam Mishnah Against the Majority in Temurah

The Sfas Emes explores how a plain mishnah rule is decided when it reflects the view of an individual against the majority opinion. The source examines the relationship between the Mishnah's teaching on selling a substituted animal without a blemish and the underlying tannaitic dispute between the first tanna and Rabbi Shimon.

לכאורה צריך להיות הלכה כרבי שהוא מכריע

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What the sources say

The passage at Sfas Emes al HaShas (Temurah 20a) addresses the Gemara's statement that Rebbi does not see the words of Rabbi Shimon, noting that although normally the halacha would follow Rebbi as the deciding voice, the Rambam ruled like the tanna kamma instead.

Sfas Emes al HaShas (Temurah 20a) explains that the reason for this is that the whole machlokes in Temurah regarding selling a temurah is understood to be dependent upon the earlier machlokes between the tanna kamma and Rabbi Shimon in the mishnah about whether it may be sold absent a blemish (אי תמכר שלא במום), rather than being an independent dispute resolved simply by the individual-versus-majority rule.

The companion passage in Sfas Emes al HaShas (Menachot 2a) deals with an unrelated question about whether a korban must come specifically from one's own property rather than from maaser, and does not bear on how a stam mishnah of an individual is weighed against a majority in the context of selling a temurah.

Source 1 · Hasidic
Verified

Sfas Emes al HaShas, Temurah 20a

שפת אמת על הש"ס, Temurah כ׳:א׳ (Temurah כ׳ ע״א) — ד"ה במשנה אי תמכר שלא במום

Sfas Emes al HaShas, Temurah 20a

The continuation of the Sfas Emes's discussion of the Mishnah's rule concerning an animal sold without a blemish, including the relationship between the Mishnah's alternatives and the underlying tannaitic dispute.

בגמ' אמר רבי אין אני רואה דבריו של ר"ש כו'. לכאורה צריך להיות הלכה כרבי שהוא מכריע. אך הרמב"ם פסק כת"ק. ונראה הטעם דמשמעות הגמ' דהך פלוגתא דתמורה תלוי' בפלוגתא דת"ק ור"ש במשנה אי תמכר שלא במום.

Source 2 · Hasidic
Verified

Sfas Emes al HaShas, Menachot

שפת אמת על הש"ס, Menachot ב׳:א׳ (Menachot ב׳ ע״א) — ד"ה בגמ' ואסור לשנויי כדרבא

Sfas Emes al HaShas, Menachot 2a

Sfas Emes explains that the verse teaches that a sacrifice must be from the owner’s property rather than public or maaser funds, and that this requirement can be derived from Aharon’s bull for other chatot as well; although one verse may primarily exclude public funds, maaser is excluded as not belonging to the owner, while Rashi identifies a separate “asher lo” as excluding maaser.

בא"ד ועוד קשה ל"ל כו' משלו ולא משל מעשר תיפוק לי' כו' דממעט עולות משום דכתיב כו' ואכלת ופרו של אהרן לשריפה קאי. יש ליישב דמהתם לא מוכח דפסול הקרבן רק דעביד איסור מה שלא אכל המעשר אבל הכא ממעט קרא דאינו יוצא ידי קרבנו בזה: בא"ד ומיהו בזה י"ל דעיקר קרא אתא למידרש משלו ולא משל ציבור. פי' ומ"מ מוכח דצריך להיות שלו ומעשר אינו שלו ושפיר ילפינן שאר חטאות מפרו של אהרן דכולהו צריכין להיות משלו רק דלמעט מעשר בפרו של אהרן לא אצטריך קרא דאשר לו אבל ממילא אימעט נמי מעשר ומ"ש רש"י בחולין שם דתרי אשר לו כתיב חד למעט מעשר.

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