Bereshit Rabbah 93:9
בראשית רבה צ״ג:ט׳
Bereshit Rabbah 93:9
The Midrash expands Joseph’s reunion tears, describing the emotional reversal of the brothers' earlier cruelty and the human significance of their reconciliation. It is a classic Chazal source for why the scene is so tear-filled.
אָמַר רַבִּי חִיָּא בַּר אַבָּא כָּל הַדְּבָרִים שֶׁאַתְּ קוֹרֵא שֶׁדִּבֵּר יְהוּדָה לְיוֹסֵף בִּפְנֵי אֶחָיו עַד שֶׁאַתְּ מַגִּיעַ (בראשית מה, א): וְלֹא יָכֹל יוֹסֵף לְהִתְאַפֵּק, הָיָה בָּהֶם פִּיּוּס לְיוֹסֵף, וּפִיּוּס לְאֶחָיו, וּפִיּוּס לְבִנְיָמִין. פִּיּוּס לְיוֹסֵף, לוֹמַר רְאוּ הֵיךְ הוּא נוֹתֵן נַפְשׁוֹ עַל בָּנֶיהָ שֶׁל רָחֵל. פִּיּוּס, לְאֶחָיו לוֹמַר רְאוּ הֵיאַךְ הוּא נוֹתֵן נַפְשׁוֹ עַל אָחִיו.
Rabbi Ḥiyya bar Abba said: In all the matters that you read that Judah spoke to Joseph in the presence of his brothers until you reach: “Joseph could not restrain himself,” there is conciliation for Joseph, conciliation for his brothers and conciliation for Benjamin. Conciliation for Joseph, saying: See how he is giving his life for the sake of Rachel’s sons. Conciliation for his brothers, saying: See how he is giving his life for his brother’s sake. Conciliation for Benjamin, he said to him: ‘Just as I am giving my life for your sake, so I am willing to give my life for your brother’s sake.’ “Joseph could not restrain himself…” – Rabbi Ḥama bar Ḥanina said: Joseph did not act properly, as had one of them kicked him, he would have immediately died.