Source 1 · Chazal
VerifiedSanhedrin 108a–109a
סנהדרין ק״ח א-ק״ט א
Sanhedrin 108a-109a
The Flood generation, Noah’s righteousness, the construction and salvation of the ark, the animals, and the post-Flood episode involving Noah’s vineyard and drunkenness are discussed in the context of the generation of the Flood and the Tower of Babel.
״אֵלֶּה תּוֹלְדוֹת נֹחַ [נֹחַ אִישׁ צַדִּיק תָּמִים הָיָה בְּדֹרֹתָיו]״. אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן: ״בְּדוֹרוֹתָיו״, וְלֹא בְּדוֹרוֹת אֲחֵרִים. וְרֵישׁ לָקִישׁ אָמַר: ״בְּדוֹרוֹתָיו״, כׇּל שֶׁכֵּן בְּדוֹרוֹת אֲחֵרִים. אָמַר רַבִּי חֲנִינָא: מָשָׁל דְּרַבִּי יוֹחָנָן, לְמָה הַדָּבָר דּוֹמֶה? לְחָבִית שֶׁל יַיִן שֶׁהָיְתָה מוּנַּחַת בְּמַרְתֵּף שֶׁל חוֹמֶץ. בִּמְקוֹמָהּ – רֵיחָהּ נוֹדֵף, שֶׁלֹּא בִּמְקוֹמָהּ – אֵין רֵיחָהּ נוֹדֵף. אָמַר רַבִּי אוֹשַׁעְיָא: מָשָׁל דְּרֵישׁ לָקִישׁ, לְמָה הַדָּבָר דּוֹמֶה? לִצְלוֹחִית שֶׁל פִּלְיָיטוֹן שֶׁהָיְתָה מוּנַּחַת בִּמְקוֹם הַטִּנּוֹפֶת. בִּמְקוֹמָהּ – רֵיחָהּ נוֹדֵף, וְכׇל שֶׁכֵּן בִּמְקוֹם הַבּוֹסֶם.
§ With regard to the verse: “These are the generations of Noah; Noah was a righteous man, and wholehearted in his generations” (Genesis 6:9), Rabbi Yoḥanan says: Relative to the other people of his generation he was righteous and wholehearted, but not relative to those of other generations. And Reish Lakish says: In his generation he was righteous and wholehearted despite being surrounded by bad influences; all the more so would he have been considered righteous and wholehearted in other generations. Rabbi Ḥanina says: There is a parable for the statement of Rabbi Yoḥanan; to what is this matter comparable? It is comparable to a barrel of wine that was placed in a cellar where vinegar is stored; in its place, its fragrance diffuses, i.e., is noticeable, relative to the odor of the vinegar. When it is not in its place surrounded by vinegar, its fragrance does not diffuse, and its pleasant odor is not sensed. Rabbi Oshaya says: There is a parable for the statement of Reish Lakish; to what is this matter comparable? It is comparable to a flask of perfume [palyaton] that was placed in a location of filth. In its place its fragrance diffuses despite the ambient odor, and all the more so is its fragrance noticeable if it is placed in a location where there is perfume.
Source 2 · Chazal
VerifiedZevachim 116a
זבחים קט״ז א — ד"ה טְהוֹרִין אֲבָל לֹא טְמֵאִין
Zevachim 116a:9
Discusses the sacrificial worship of Noah after the Flood and the transmission of sacrificial practice from Adam through Noah and the patriarchs.
טְהוֹרִין אֲבָל לֹא טְמֵאִין. וּמִי הֲווֹ טְמֵאִין וּטְהוֹרִין בְּהַהִיא שַׁעְתָּא?! אָמַר רַבִּי שְׁמוּאֵל בַּר נַחְמָנִי אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹנָתָן: מֵאוֹתָן שֶׁלֹּא נֶעֶבְדָה בָּהֶן עֲבֵירָה. מְנָא הֲווֹ יָדְעִי? כִּדְרַב חִסְדָּא. דְּאָמַר רַב חִסְדָּא: הֶעֱבִירָן לִפְנֵי הַתֵּיבָה; כֹּל שֶׁהַתֵּיבָה קוֹלַטְתָּן – בְּיָדוּעַ שֶׁהוּא טָהוֹר, אֵין הַתֵּיבָה קוֹלַטְתָּן – בְּיָדוּעַ שֶׁהֵן טְמֵאִין. רַבִּי אֲבָהוּ אָמַר, אָמַר קְרָא: ״וְהַבָּאִים זָכָר וּנְקֵבָה״ – הַבָּאִין מֵאֲלֵיהֶן.
§ The baraita also teaches that before the Tabernacle was constructed, sacrifices were brought from animals and birds that were kosher, but not from non-kosher species. This is based on the verse that describes what Noah sacrificed when he exited the ark: “And he took of every pure animal and of every pure fowl and offered burnt offerings on the altar” (Genesis 8:20). The Gemara asks: And were there pure and impure species at that time, during the period of Noah? The distinction between pure, i.e., kosher species, and impure, i.e., non-kosher species, was introduced only after the Torah was given (see Leviticus, chapter 11). Rabbi Shmuel bar Naḥmani says that Rabbi Yonatan says: The pure animals that Noah took were from those that had not been used in the performance of sin. The Gemara asks: From where did Noah and his sons know which animals had been used in the performance of a sin, in order to prevent them from entering the ark? The Gemara answers that it is in accordance with the statement of Rav Ḥisda. As Rav Ḥisda says: Noah caused all of the animals to pass before the ark. All animals that the ark accepted, i.e., drew in, were known to be pure; if the ark did not accept them, it was known that they were impure. Rabbi Abbahu says there is a different explanation as to how Noah knew which animals were pure or impure. The verse states: “And they that went in, went in male and female of all flesh” (Genesis 7:16), which means: Those that went in on their own. Consequently, Noah did not need to distinguish between pure and impure animals, as only the pure ones approached.
Source 3 · Chazal
VerifiedMoed Katan 28a
מועד קטן כ״ח א — ד"ה מֵת בַּחֲמִשִּׁים שָׁנָה — זוֹ הִיא
Moed Katan 28a:8
Uses Noah as a biblical example in discussing the limits of a person’s lifespan and the significance of the years assigned to human beings.
מֵת בַּחֲמִשִּׁים שָׁנָה — זוֹ הִיא מִיתַת כָּרֵת. חֲמִשִּׁים וּשְׁתַּיִם שָׁנָה — זוֹ הִיא מִיתָתוֹ שֶׁל שְׁמוּאֵל הָרָמָתִי. שִׁשִּׁים — זוֹ הִיא מִיתָה בִּידֵי שָׁמַיִם. אָמַר מָר זוּטְרָא: מַאי קְרָא — דִּכְתִיב: ״תָּבֹא בְּכֶלַח אֱלֵי קֶבֶר״, ״בְּכֶלַח״ בְּגִימַטְרִיָּא שִׁיתִּין הָווּ. שִׁבְעִים — שֵׂיבָה. שְׁמוֹנִים — גְּבוּרוֹת, דִּכְתִיב: ״יְמֵי שְׁנוֹתֵינוּ בָהֶם שִׁבְעִים שָׁנָה וְאִם בִּגְבוּרוֹת שְׁמוֹנִים שָׁנָה״. אָמַר רַבָּה: מֵחֲמִשִּׁים וְעַד שִׁשִּׁים שָׁנָה — זוֹ הִיא מִיתַת כָּרֵת. וְהַאי דְּלָא חָשֵׁיב לְהוּ — מִשּׁוּם כְּבוֹדוֹ שֶׁל שְׁמוּאֵל הָרָמָתִי.
The Gemara discusses the significance of death at different ages: If one dies when he is fifty years old, this is death through karet, the divine punishment of excision, meted out for the most serious transgressions. If he dies when he is fifty-two years old, this is the death of Samuel from Ramah. If he dies at the age of sixty, this is death at the hand of Heaven. Mar Zutra said: What is the verse from which this is derived? As it is written: “You shall come to your grave in a ripe age [bekhelaḥ]” (Job 5:26). The word “ripe age” [bekhelaḥ] has the numerical value of sixty, and it is alluded to there that dying at this age involves a divine punishment. One who dies at the age of seventy has reached old age. One who dies at the age of eighty dies in strength, as it is written: “The days of our years are seventy, or if by reason of strength, eighty years” (Psalms 90:10). Rabba said: Not only is death at the age of fifty a sign of karet, but even death from fifty to sixty years of age is death by karet. And the reason that all of these years were not counted in connection with karet is due to the honor of Samuel from Ramah, who died at the age of fifty-two.
Source 4 · Chazal
VerifiedBava Kamma 92a
בבא קמא צ״ב א — ד"ה אֲמַר לֵיהּ רָבָא לְרַבָּה בַּר מָרִי
Bava Kamma 92a:15
Cites Noah’s prayer and God’s response after the Flood as a model for the principle that one who prays for another while needing the same thing may be answered first.
אֲמַר לֵיהּ רָבָא לְרַבָּה בַּר מָרִי: מְנַָא הָא מִילְּתָא דַאֲמוּר רַבָּנַן: כׇּל הַמְבַקֵּשׁ רַחֲמִים עַל חֲבֵירוֹ וְהוּא צָרִיךְ לְאוֹתוֹ דָּבָר, הוּא נַעֲנֶה תְּחִילָּה? אֲמַר לֵיהּ: דִּכְתִיב: ״וַה׳ שָׁב אֶת שְׁבוּת אִיּוֹב בְּהִתְפַּלְלוֹ בְּעַד רֵעֵהוּ״. אֲמַר לֵיהּ: אַתְּ אָמְרַתְּ מֵהָתָם, וַאֲנָא אָמֵינָא מֵהָכָא: ״וַיִּתְפַּלֵּל אַבְרָהָם אֶל הָאֱלֹהִים, וַיִּרְפָּא אֱלֹהִים אֶת אֲבִימֶלֶךְ וְאֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ וְאַמְהוֹתָיו [וְגוֹ׳]״, וּכְתִיב: ״וַה׳ פָּקַד אֶת שָׂרָה כַּאֲשֶׁר אָמָר וְגוֹ׳״ – כַּאֲשֶׁר אָמַר אַבְרָהָם אֶל אֲבִימֶלֶךְ.
§ The Gemara cites a series of questions that Rava asked Rabba bar Mari, the first one being related to the previous topic of discussion. Rava said to Rabba bar Mari: From where is this matter derived whereby the Sages stated: Anyone who asks for compassion from Heaven on behalf of another, and he requires compassion from Heaven concerning that same matter, he is answered first? Rabba bar Mari said to him that the source for this is as it is written: “And the Lord changed the fortune of Job, when he prayed for his friends” (Job 42:10). Rava said to him: You said the proof from there, from a verse in the Writings, and I say the proof from here, from a verse in the Torah. As it is written: “And Abraham prayed to God; and God healed Abimelech, and his wife, and his maidservants, and they bore children” (Genesis 20:17), and it is written immediately following that: “And the Lord remembered Sarah, as He had said” (Genesis 21:1), with the pronoun interpreted homiletically: As Abraham said with regard to Abimelech. Because Abraham prayed for Abimelech that the women of his household should give birth, Abraham himself was answered concerning that matter.
Source 5 · Chazal
VerifiedAvodah Zarah 9a
עבודה זרה ט׳ א — ד"ה תָּנָא דְּבֵי אֵלִיָּהוּ
Avodah Zarah 9a:5
Uses the chronology from Noah and the Flood in calculating the historical eras of the world and the duration of successive kingdoms.
תָּנָא דְּבֵי אֵלִיָּהוּ: שֵׁשֶׁת אֲלָפִים שָׁנָה הָוֵי הָעוֹלָם, שְׁנֵי אֲלָפִים תּוֹהוּ, שְׁנֵי אֲלָפִים תּוֹרָה, שְׁנֵי אֲלָפִים יְמוֹת הַמָּשִׁיחַ, בַּעֲוֹנוֹתֵינוּ שֶׁרַבּוּ יָצְאוּ מֵהֶן מַה שֶּׁיָּצְאוּ מֵהֶן. שְׁנֵי אֲלָפִים תּוֹרָה מֵאֵימַת? אִי נֵימָא מִמַּתַּן תּוֹרָה עַד הַשְׁתָּא, לֵיכָּא כּוּלֵּי הַאי, דְּכִי מְעַיְּינַתְּ בְּהוּ תְּרֵי אַלְפֵי פְּרָטֵי דְּהַאי אַלְפָּא הוּא דַּהֲוַאי. אֶלָּא, מִ״וְּאֶת הַנֶּפֶשׁ אֲשֶׁר עָשׂוּ בְחָרָן״, וּגְמִירִי דְּאַבְרָהָם בְּהָהִיא שַׁעְתָּא בַּר חַמְשִׁין וְתַרְתֵּי הֲוָה.
In relation to the discussion on the calculation of years, the Gemara states that one of the Sages of the school of Eliyahu taught: The world is destined to exist for six thousand years. For two thousand years the world was waste, as the Torah had not yet been given. The next set of two thousand years are the time period of the Torah. The last set of two thousand years are the period designated for the days of the Messiah, but due to our many sins there are those years that have been taken from them, i.e., such and such years have already passed and have been taken from the two thousand years that are designated for the Messiah, and the Messiah has not yet arrived. Whenever a tanna taught this baraita, he would insert the number of years that was correct for his time. The Gemara asks: With regard to the two thousand years of the time period of the Torah, from when are they counted? If we say that they started from the giving of the Torah until now, then there is not enough time for all of these years. As, when you examine the calculations, it is evident that from the creation of the world until the giving of the Torah there were two thousand years plus a part of this third thousand, as the Torah was given 2,448 years after the creation of the world. This would mean that the time period of the Torah encroaches upon the days of the Messiah. Rather, the two-thousand-year time period of the Torah is counted from the time when it is stated about Abraham and Sarah: “And the souls that they had gotten in Haran” (Genesis 12:5), which is interpreted by the Sages as referring to the men and women who were brought closer to the Torah by Abraham and Sarah. Therefore, it was at this point that the Torah began to spread throughout the world. And it is learned as a tradition that at that time Abraham was fifty-two years old.
Source 6 · Chazal
VerifiedBereshit Rabbah 30:2
מדרש רבה, בראשית פרשה כג ב
Bereshit Rabbah 30:2
Chachmei Hamidrash interprets "These are the generations of Noach" by connecting it to a pasuk in Iyov about those destroyed by flood waters, explaining that the decree against the generation of the flood was that they perish in water, and distinguishing Noach's intention—to establish offspring and multiply the world—from the wicked generation whose aim did not extend beyond planting vineyards.
דָּבָר אַחֵר, אֵלֶּה תּוֹלְדֹת נֹחַ, כְּתִיב (איוב כד, יח): קַל הוּא עַל פְּנֵי מַיִם תְּקֻלַּל חֶלְקָתָם בָּאָרֶץ לֹא יִפְנֶה דֶּרֶךְ כְּרָמִים. קַל הוּא עַל פְּנֵי מַיִם, גְּזֵרָה שֶׁנִּגְזְרָה עֲלֵיהֶם שֶׁיֹּאבְדוּ בַּמַּיִם, תְּקֻלַּל חֶלְקָתָם בָּאָרֶץ, כְּלוֹמַר מִי שֶׁפָּרַע מִדּוֹר הַמַּבּוּל. כָּל כָּךְ לָמָּה, לֹא יִפְנֶה דֶּרֶךְ כְּרָמִים, שֶׁלֹא הָיְתָה כַּוָּנָתָן אֶלָּא לְמַטַּעַת כְּרָמִים, אֲבָל נֹחַ לֹא הָיְתָה כַּוָּנָתוֹ אֶלָּא לְהַפְרוֹת וּלְהַרְבּוֹת בָּעוֹלָם וּלְהַעֲמִיד בָּנִים, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: אֵלֶּה תּוֹלְדֹת נֹחַ.
Source 7 · Chazal
VerifiedBereshit Rabbah 33:7
מדרש רבה, בראשית לג י, וראה גם בסדר עולם לעיל
Bereshit Rabbah 33:7
Chachmei Hamidrash calculates the duration and progression of the flood by harmonizing multiple Tanach verses about Noach: the rain lasted forty days and forty nights (Marcheshvan and Kislev), the waters prevailed for 150 days (Tevet, Shevat, Adar, Nisan, and Iyar), the ark rested on the mountains of Ararat in the seventh month on the seventeenth day (Sivan, marking the cessation of rains), and the waters continued to decrease until the tenth month (Av), yielding a total flood period of 360 days minus sixty.
וַיְהִי בְּאַחַת וְשֵׁשׁ מֵאוֹת שָׁנָה בָּרִאשׁוֹן בְּאֶחָד לַחֹדֶשׁ (בראשית ח, יג), תְּנִינַן מִשְׁפַּט דּוֹר הַמַּבּוּל שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר חֹדֶשׁ, הָא כֵיצַד (בראשית ז, יא): בִּשְׁנַת שֵׁשׁ מֵאוֹת שָׁנָה לְחַיֵּי נֹחַ בַּחֹדֶשׁ הַשֵּׁנִי בְּשִׁבְעָה עָשָׂר לַחֹדֶשׁ, וּכְתִיב (בראשית ז, יב): וַיְהִי הַגֶּשֶׁם עַל הָאָרֶץ אַרְבָּעִים יוֹם וְאַרְבָּעִים לַיְלָה, זֶה מַרְחֶשְׁוָן וְכִסְלֵו, (בראשית ז, כד): וַיִּגְבְּרוּ הַמַּיִם עַל הָאָרֶץ חֲמִשִּׁים וּמְאַת יוֹם, הֲרֵי טֵבֵת וּשְׁבָט, אֲדָר וְנִיסָן וְאִיָּר, (בראשית ח, ד): וַתָּנַח הַתֵּבָה בַּחֹדֶשׁ הַשְּׁבִיעִי בְּשִׁבְעָה עָשָׂר יוֹם לַחֹדֶשׁ עַל הָרֵי אֲרָרָט, זֶה סִיוָן שֶׁהוּא שְׁבִיעִי לְהַפְסָקַת גְּשָׁמִים, לְשִׁשָּׁה עָשָׂר יוֹם חָסְרוּ אַמָּה לְאַרְבַּעַת יָמִים, טֶפַח וּמֶחֱצָה בְּכָל יוֹם, וְנִמְצֵאתָ אוֹמֵר שֶׁהָיְתָה הַתֵּבָה מְשֻׁקַּעַת בַּמַּיִם אַחַת עֶשְׂרֵה אַמָּה, וְכֻלָּהַם לְשִׁשִּׁים יוֹם חָסְרוּ, הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב (בראשית ח, ה): וְהַמַּיִם הָיוּ הָלוֹךְ וְחָסוֹר עַד הַחֹדֶשׁ הָעֲשִׂירִי, זֶה אָב, שֶׁהוּא עֲשִׂירִי לִירִידַת גְּשָׁמִים.
Source 8 · Chazal
VerifiedSanhedrin 108a:22
תלמוד בבלי, סנהדרין קז ב, וראה עוד ערך מבול ונח
Sanhedrin 108a:22
This sugya discusses the generation of the Flood, emphasizing their corruption and the reason the decree came. It is the main Gemara passage about the Flood event and its moral background.
דָּרֵשׁ רַבִּי יוֹסֵי דְּמִן קֵסָרִי: מַאי דִּכְתִיב ״קַל הוּא עַל פְּנֵי מַיִם תְּקֻלַּל חֶלְקָתָם בָּאָרֶץ״? מְלַמֵּד שֶׁהָיָה נֹחַ הַצַּדִּיק מוֹכִיחַ בָּהֶם וְאוֹמֵר לָהֶם: עֲשׂוּ תְּשׁוּבָה, וְאִם לָאו הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא מֵבִיא עֲלֵיכֶם אֶת הַמַּבּוּל וּמַקְפֶּה נִבְלַתְכֶם עַל הַמַּיִם כְּזִיקִין, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״קַל הוּא עַל פְּנֵי מַיִם״. וְלֹא עוֹד, אֶלָּא שֶׁלּוֹקְחִין מֵהֶם קְלָלָה לְכׇל בָּאֵי עוֹלָם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״תְּקֻלַּל חֶלְקָתָם בָּאָרֶץ
Source 9 · Chazal
VerifiedSotah 11a:10
תלמוד בבלי, סוטה יא א
Sotah 11a:10
Chachmei Bavel state that the Holy One, blessed be He, swore never to bring a flood upon the world, as it says "For this is like the waters of Noach to Me" (Yeshayahu 54:9), but the nations do not realize that while He will not bring a flood upon the entire world, He may bring one upon a single nation.
אֶלָּא בּוֹאוּ וּנְדוּנֵם בַּמַּיִם, שֶׁכְּבָר נִשְׁבַּע הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא שֶׁאֵינוֹ מֵבִיא מַבּוּל לָעוֹלָם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״כִּי מֵי נֹחַ זֹאת לִי וְגוֹ׳״. וְהֵן אֵינָן יוֹדְעִין שֶׁעַל כׇּל הָעוֹלָם כּוּלּוֹ אֵינוֹ מֵבִיא, אֲבָל עַל אוּמָּה אַחַת הוּא מֵבִיא.
Source 10 · Chazal
VerifiedSanhedrin 108b:2
תלמוד בבלי, סנהדרין קח ב
Sanhedrin 108b:2
Rava explains the Job verse as teaching that Noah rebuked his generation with harsh words about an impending flood, but they mocked him and claimed they had defenses against any type of flood—fireproof materials against fire, iron plates against water from the earth, and absorbent materials against water from the heavens—until Noah warned them that God could bring water from between their feet where they could not prevent it; a baraita adds that the flood waters were thick like semen, and Rav Chisda connects this to the notion that they sinned with lustful heat and were punished with hot water.
מַאי דִּכְתִיב ״לַפִּיד בּוּז לְעַשְׁתּוּת שַׁאֲנָן נָכוֹן לְמוֹעֲדֵי רָגֶל״? מְלַמֵּד שֶׁהָיָה נֹחַ הַצַּדִּיק מוֹכִיחַ אוֹתָם, וְאָמַר לָהֶם דְּבָרִים שֶׁהֵם קָשִׁים כְּלַפִּידִים, וְהָיוּ בּוֹזִים אוֹתוֹ. אָמְרוּ לוֹ: זָקֵן, תֵּיבָה זוֹ לָמָּה? אָמַר לָהֶם: הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא מֵבִיא עֲלֵיכֶם אֶת הַמַּבּוּל.
Source 11 · Chazal
VerifiedPirkei DeRabbi Eliezer 23:8
פרקי דרבי אליעזר, פרק כג
Pirkei DeRabbi Eliezer 23:8
Aggadic account of the Flood's extent, the destruction of all living things, and the survivors — background for the debate over which lands the waters reached.
״וַיִּשָּׁאֶר אַךְ נֹחַ וַאֲשֶׁר אִתּוֹ בַּתֵּבָה״, וְחוּץ מֵעוֹג מֶלֶךְ הַבָּשָׁן שֶׁיָּשַׁב לוֹ עַל עֵץ אֶחָד מִן הַסּוּלָמוֹת שֶׁל הַתֵּבָה, וְנִשְׁבַּע לְנֹחַ וּלְבָנָיו שֶׁיִּהְיֶה לָהֶם עֶבֶד עוֹלָם. מֶה עָשָׂה נֹחַ? נָקַב חוֹר אֶחָד בַּתֵּבָה וְהָיָה מוֹשִׁיט לוֹ מְזוֹנוֹ בְּכָל יוֹם וָיוֹם, וְנִשְׁאַר גַּם הוּא, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״כִּי רַק עוֹג מֶלֶךְ הַבָּשָׁן״ וְכוּ'.
Source 12 · Chazal
VerifiedSifrei Devarim 337
ספרי, האזינו שלז
Sifrei Devarim 337
The phrase "on that very day" in the account of Noach teaches that the generation of Noach said they would prevent the flood by destroying the ark if they felt it, and the Gemara describes how they would take axes and hatchets to break it apart; in response, the Holy One said He would bring the flood at midday, and whoever had the power to protest could come and do so.
נֶאֱמַר (בראשית ז יג) ״בְּעֶצֶם הַיּוֹם הַזֶּה״ בְּנֹחַ, מְלַמֵּד שֶׁהָיוּ דוֹר נֹחַ אוֹמְרִים: כָּךְ מִכָּךְ, אִם אָנוּ מַרְגִּישִׁים בּוֹ אֵין אָנוּ מַנִּיחִים אוֹתוֹ, וְלֹא עוֹד אֶלָּא אָנוּ נוֹטְלִים כַּשִּׁילִים וְקַרְדֻּמּוֹת וּמְבַקְּעִים עָלָיו אֶת הַתֵּבָה. אָמַר הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא: הֲרֵינִי מַכְנִיסוֹ בַּחֲצִי הַיּוֹם, וְכָל מִי שֶׁיֵּשׁ בְּיָדוֹ לִמְחוֹת יָבֹא וְיִמְחֶה.
Source 13 · Chazal
VerifiedEruvin 18b
עירובין י״ח ב — ד"ה וְאָמַר רַבִּי יִרְמְיָה בֶּן אֶלְעָזָר
Eruvin 18b:13
Rabbi Yirmeya ben Elazar teaches that only partial praise of a person should be offered in his presence, while full praise may be offered in his absence, illustrating this from God's speech to Noah—addressing him directly with limited praise ("you have I seen righteous before Me in this generation") versus describing him in his absence with fuller praise ("Noah was a righteous man, and perfect in his generations").
וְאָמַר רַבִּי יִרְמְיָה בֶּן אֶלְעָזָר: מִקְצָת שִׁבְחוֹ שֶׁל אָדָם אוֹמְרִים בְּפָנָיו, וְכוּלּוֹ שֶׁלֹּא בְּפָנָיו. מִקְצָת שִׁבְחוֹ בְּפָנָיו, דִּכְתִיב: ״כִּי אוֹתְךָ רָאִיתִי צַדִּיק לְפָנַי בַּדּוֹר הַזֶּה״, כּוּלּוֹ שֶׁלֹּא בְּפָנָיו, דִּכְתִיב: ״נֹחַ אִישׁ צַדִּיק תָּמִים הָיָה בְּדוֹרוֹתָיו״.
And Rabbi Yirmeya ben Elazar further said: Only some of a person’s praise should be said in his presence, and all of it may be said not in his presence. Only some of his praise should be said in his presence, as it is written: “And the Lord said to Noah, come, you and all your house into the ark, for you have I seen righteous before Me in this generation” (Genesis 7:1). And all of it may be said not in his presence, as it is written: “These are the generations of Noah; Noah was a righteous man, and perfect in his generations, and Noah walked with God” (Genesis 6:9). When not referring to him in his presence, God refers to Noah as a righteous and perfect man.
Source 14 · Chazal
VerifiedZevachim 115b
זבחים קט״ו ב — ד"ה אָמַר מָר
Zevachim 115b:18
Rav Huna derives that all animals were fit for sacrifice before the Tabernacle was established by citing Noach's offering after the flood in Bereishit 8:20, interpreting "animal" as domesticated animals and "fowl" as birds, with wild animals included within the term "animal.
אָמַר מָר: הַכֹּל כְּשֵׁירִין לְהַקְרִיב. מְנָא הָנֵי מִילֵּי? אָמַר רַב הוּנָא, דְּאָמַר קְרָא: ״וַיִּבֶן נֹחַ מִזְבֵּחַ לַה׳ וַיִּקַּח מִכֹּל הַבְּהֵמָה הַטְּהוֹרָה וּמִכׇּל עוֹף הַטָּהוֹר״; בְּהֵמָה – כְּמַשְׁמָעוֹ. חַיָּה – בִּכְלַל בְּהֵמָה.
§ The Master said in the baraita: Before the Tabernacle was established, all animals were fit to be sacrificed: A domesticated animal, an undomesticated animal, or a bird. The Gemara asks: From where are these matters derived? Rav Huna said: As the verse states with regard to the offering that was sacrificed after the flood: “And Noah built an altar to the Lord, and took of every pure animal, and of every pure fowl, and offered burnt offerings on the altar” (Genesis 8:20). The Gemara explains: “Animal [behema],” is understood in accordance with its plain meaning, a domesticated animal, and the same is true of fowl; an undomesticated animal [ḥayya] is included in the term “behema” that is stated in the verse.
Source 15 · Chazal
VerifiedRosh Hashanah 11b-12a
ראש השנה י״א ב-י״ב א
Rosh Hashanah 11b-12a
Rabbi Yehoshua and Rabbi Eliezer dispute the calendar date of the flood—whether the seventeenth day fell in Iyyar (when Kima normally sets) or Marḥeshvan (when Kima normally rises)—and both agree that God altered the constellations and removed two stars from Kima to bring the flood as punishment for the generation's moral deterioration.
וְאָזְדוּ לְטַעְמַיְיהוּ, דְּתַנְיָא: ״בִּשְׁנַת שֵׁשׁ מֵאוֹת שָׁנָה לְחַיֵּי נֹחַ בַּחֹדֶשׁ הַשֵּׁנִי בְּשִׁבְעָה עָשָׂר יוֹם לַחֹדֶשׁ״, רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר: אוֹתוֹ הַיּוֹם שִׁבְעָה עָשָׂר בְּאִיָּיר הָיָה, יוֹם שֶׁמַּזַּל כִּימָה שׁוֹקֵעַ בַּיּוֹם וּמַעְיָנוֹת מִתְמַעֲטִין. וּמִתּוֹךְ שֶׁשִּׁינּוּ מַעֲשֵׂיהֶן, שִׁינָּה הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא עֲלֵיהֶם מַעֲשֵׂה בְרֵאשִׁית, וְהֶעֱלָה מַזַּל כִּימָה בַּיּוֹם, וְנָטַל שְׁנֵי כּוֹכָבִים מִכִּימָה וְהֵבִיא מַבּוּל לָעוֹלָם. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר: אוֹתוֹ הַיּוֹם שִׁבְעָה עָשָׂר בְּמַרְחֶשְׁוָן הָיָה, יוֹם שֶׁמַּזַּל כִּימָה עוֹלֶה בַּיּוֹם וּמַעְיָנוֹת מִתְגַּבְּרִים. וּמִתּוֹךְ שֶׁשִּׁינּוּ מַעֲשֵׂיהֶם, שִׁינָּה הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא עֲלֵיהֶם מַעֲשֵׂה בְרֵאשִׁית, וְהֶעֱלָה מַזַּל כִּימָה בַּיּוֹם, וְנָטַל שְׁנֵי כּוֹכָבִים וְהֵבִיא מַבּוּל לָעוֹלָם.
And Rabbi Eliezer and Rabbi Yehoshua follow their lines of reasoning, as they disagreed about this same issue in another context as well. As it is taught in a baraita: “In the six hundredth year of Noah’s life, in the second month, on the seventeenth day of the month, on that day were all the fountains of the great deep broken open, and the windows of heaven were opened” (Genesis 7:11). Rabbi Yehoshua says: That day was the seventeenth of Iyyar, the second month of the year counting from Nisan, which is the day that the constellation of Kima sets during the day and the season that the springs diminish with the increased heat. But because the people of the generation of the flood changed their actions for the worse, the Holy One, Blessed be He, changed for them the acts of Creation, and instead of Kima setting, He caused the constellation of Kima to rise during the day and He removed two stars from Kima, and in this way He brought a flood to the world. Rabbi Eliezer disagrees and says: That day was the seventeenth of Marḥeshvan, the second month counting from Tishrei, which is the day that the constellation of Kima rises during the day and the season that the springs increase. But because the people changed their actions for the worse, the Holy One, Blessed be He, changed for them the acts of Creation and He caused the constellation of Kima to rise during the day, and He removed two stars from it and He brought a flood to the world.
Source 16 · Chazal
VerifiedSanhedrin 57b
סנהדרין נ״ז ב — ד"ה אַשְׁכַּח רַבִּי יַעֲקֹב בַּר אַחָא דַּהֲוָה
Sanhedrin 57b:2
Rabbi Ya'akov bar Aha reports finding in a book of Aggadot from Rav's study hall a teaching about the laws of judgment for descendants of Noah, which differs from the law for Jews in requiring only one judge and one witness, permitting judgment without forewarning, restricting testimony to men, and allowing relatives to judge or testify; Rav Yehuda derives these rules from Bereishit 9:5, parsing the language of "I will require" to establish each provision.
אַשְׁכַּח רַבִּי יַעֲקֹב בַּר אַחָא דַּהֲוָה כְּתִיב בְּסֵפֶר אַגַּדְתָּא דְּבֵי רַב: בֶּן נֹחַ נֶהֱרָג בְּדַיָּין אֶחָד, וּבְעֵד אֶחָד, שֶׁלֹּא בְּהַתְרָאָה, מִפִּי אִישׁ וְלֹא מִפִּי אִשָּׁה, וַאֲפִילּוּ קָרוֹב. מִשּׁוּם רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל אָמְרוּ: אַף עַל הָעוּבָּרִין. מְנָהָנֵי מִילֵּי? אָמַר רַב יְהוּדָה: דְּאָמַר קְרָא, ״אַךְ אֶת דִּמְכֶם לְנַפְשֹׁתֵיכֶם אֶדְרֹשׁ״, אֲפִילּוּ בְּדַיָּין אֶחָד. ״מִיָּד כׇּל חַיָּה״, אֲפִילּוּ שֶׁלֹּא בְּהַתְרָאָה. ״אֶדְרְשֶׁנּוּ וּמִיַּד הָאָדָם״, אֲפִילּוּ בְּעֵד אֶחָד. ״מִיַּד אִישׁ״, וְלֹא מִיַּד אִשָּׁה. ״אָחִיו״, אֲפִילּוּ קָרוֹב.
§ Rabbi Ya’akov bar Aḥa found that it was written in a book of Aggadot in the study hall of Rav: Contrary to the halakha with regard to a Jew, a descendant of Noah is executed on the basis of the verdict of even one judge, and by the testimony of even one witness, and without being given forewarning before committing the transgression. He can be judged or testified against only by the mouth of a man and not by the mouth of a woman; but even a relative may judge his case or testify against him. The Sages said in the name of Rabbi Yishmael that a descendant of Noah is executed even for killing fetuses. The Gemara asks: From where are these matters derived? Rav Yehuda says: They are derived from that which the verse states: “And your blood of your lives I will require; at the hand of every animal I will require it; and at the hand of man, even at the hand of every man’s brother, I will require the life of man” (Genesis 9:5). It is derived from the term “I will require,” which is stated in the singular, that a descendant of Noah is executed on the basis of the verdict of even one judge. It is derived from the phrase “at the hand of every animal” that one is executed even without forewarning, as an animal certainly cannot forewarn someone. It is derived from the phrase “I will require it; and at the hand of man,” with “I” stated in the singular, that the sentence is issued on the basis of the testimony of even one witness. It is derived from the phrase “at the hand of every man,” that the judgment and testimony must be at the hand of a man, but not at the hand of a woman. It is derived from the term “his brother” that the testimony of the witness is accepted even if he is a relative of the defendant.