Bereshit Rabbah 31:5–6
בראשית רבה ל״א:ה׳-ו׳
Bereshit Rabbah 31:5-6
Expounds the sins and social corruption that brought the Flood, including the generation’s violence and pervasive injustice.
קֵץ כָּל בָּשָׂר בָּא לְפָנַי (בראשית ו, יג), הִגִּיעַ זְמַנָּם לְהִקָּצֵץ, הִגִּיעַ זְמַנָּן לֵעָשׂוֹת בָּתָה, הִגִּיעַ קָטֵיגוֹרִיס שֶׁלָּהֶן לְפָנַי, כָּל כָּךְ לָמָּה (בראשית ו, יג): כִּי מָלְאָה הָאָרֶץ חָמָס מִפְּנֵיהֶם, אֵיזֶהוּ חָמָס וְאֵיזֶה הוּא גָּזֵל, אָמַר רַבִּי חֲנִינָא חָמָס אֵינוֹ שָׁוֶה פְּרוּטָה וְגָזֵל שֶׁשָּׁוֶה פְּרוּטָה, וְכָךְ הָיוּ אַנְשֵׁי הַמַּבּוּל עוֹשִׂים, הָיָה אֶחָד מֵהֶם מוֹצִיא קֻפָּתוֹ מְלֵאָה תּוּרְמוֹסִים וְהָיָה זֶה בָּא וְנוֹטֵל פָּחוֹת מִשְּׁוֵה פְרוּטָה, וְזֶה בָּא וְנוֹטֵל פָּחוֹת מִשְּׁוֵה פְרוּטָה, עַד מָקוֹם שֶׁאֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לְהוֹצִיאוֹ מִמֶּנּוּ בַּדִּין, אָמַר לָהֶם הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא אַתֶּם עֲשִׂיתֶם שֶׁלֹא כַשּׁוּרָה אַף אֲנִי אֶעֱשֶׂה עִמָּכֶם שֶׁלֹא כַשּׁוּרָה, הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב (איוב ד, כא): הֲלֹא נִסַּע יִתְרָם בָּם יָמוּתוּ וְלֹא בְחָכְמָה, בְּלֹא חָכְמַת הַתּוֹרָה. (איוב ד, ב): מִבֹּקֶר לָעֶרֶב יֻכַּתּוּ מִבְּלִי מֵשִׂים לָנֶצַח יֹאבֵדוּ, וְאֵין מֵשִׂים אֶלָּא דַּיָּן, הֵיךְ מָה דְאַתְּ אָמַר (שמות כא, א): וְאֵלֶּה הַמִּשְׁפָּטִים אֲשֶׁר תָּשִׂים לִפְנֵיהֶם. דָּבָר אַחֵר, כִּי מָלְאָה הָאָרֶץ חָמָס, אָמַר רַבִּי לֵוִי חָמָס, זֶה עֲבוֹדַת כּוֹכָבִים. חָמָס, זֶה גִּלּוּי עֲרָיוֹת. חָמָס, זֶה שְׁפִיכוּת דָּמִים. חָמָס, זֶה עֲבוֹדַת כּוֹכָבִים, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: כִּי מָלְאָה הָאָרֶץ חָמָס. חָמָס, זֶה גִּלּוּי עֲרָיוֹת, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ירמיה נא, לה): חֲמָסִי וּשְׁאֵרִי עַל בָּבֶל. חָמָס, זֶה שְׁפִיכוּת דָּמִים, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (יואל ד, יט): מֵחֲמַס בְּנֵי יְהוּדָה אֲשֶׁר שָׁפְכוּ דָּם נָקִיא. חָמָס, כְּמַשְׁמָעוֹ.
“The end [ketz] of all flesh has come [ba] before Me” – their time has come, to be cut off [lehikatzetz]; their time has come to become desolate [bata]; their indictment “has come before Me.” Why to such an extent? It is “as the earth is filled with injustice because of them.” What is injustice and what is stealing? Rabbi Ḥanina said: Injustice involves less than a peruta and robbery involves a peruta. This is what the members of the generation of the Flood would do: One of them would take out a basket filled with lupin beans [to the marketplace]. One person would come and take less than a peruta worth [of beans] and another one would come and take less than a peruta worth; less than the amount for which one would be able to collect compensation in court. The Holy One blessed be He said to them: ‘You acted improperly; I, too, will act improperly with you.’ That is what is written: “Behold, their remnant has gone away from them, and they die without wisdom (Job 4:21) – without the wisdom of the Torah. “From morning to evening they are broken; forever unnoticed [mibli mesim], forever they will perish” (Job 4:20). Mesim is nothing other than a judge, as it says: “These are the monetary ordinances that you shall place [tasim] before them” (Exodus 21:1). Another interpretation, “as the earth is filled with injustice [ḥamas].” Rabbi Levi said: Ḥamas refers to idolatry; ḥamas refers to sexual immorality; ḥamas refers to bloodshed. Ḥamas refers to idolatry, as it is stated: “As they filled the earth with ḥamas” (Ezekiel 8:17). Ḥamas refers to sexual immorality, as it is stated: “The ḥamas done to me and my flesh is upon Babylon” (Jeremiah 51:35). Ḥamas refers to bloodshed, as it is stated: “[Egypt shall be a desolation and Edom a desolate waste] due to the ḥamas against the children of Judah, that they shed innocent blood” (Joel 4:19). Ḥamas [is also to be understood] in its usual sense, [injustice].