מי השלוח, חלק א, ספר ויקרא, אמור — ד"ה וַהֲבֵאתֶם אֶת עֹמֶר רֵאשִׁית קְצִירְכֶם אֶל
The Izhbitzer Rebbe offers a radical reading: the counting is not about achieving perfection before receiving Torah, but about recognizing that Torah is given even to those still in process — the counting is an expression of honest self-accounting before God.
וַהֲבֵאתֶם אֶת עֹמֶר רֵאשִׁית קְצִירְכֶם אֶל הַכֹּהֵן. עֹמֶר בְּגִימַטְרִיָּא יָקָר כִּדְאִיתָא בְּכִתְבֵי הָאֲרִ"י ז"ל וְהוּא כִּי בְּלֵיל רִאשׁוֹן שֶׁל פֶּסַח נִפְתָּח אוֹר גָּדוֹל וְיָקָר לְיִשְׂרָאֵל וְכָל טוּב הַש"י לְעֵינֵיהֶם וְאַחַר כָּךְ נִסְתָּם, וְלָכֵן בְּלֵיל שֵׁנִי נִשְׁאַר צְעָקָה בְּלֵב כָּל אֶחָד וְאֶחָד שֶׁצּוֹעֲקִים לְהַש"י "מַה יָּקָר חַסְדְּךָ אֱלֹקִים" וְרוֹצִים שֶׁהַש"י יַחֲזוֹר לָהֶם הֶאָרַת פָּנָיו, וְעַל זֶה אָמַר שְׁלֹמֹה הַמֶּלֶךְ עָלָיו הַשָּׁלוֹם בִּנְבוּאָתוֹ (משלי ח',י"ז) "אֲנִי אוֹהֲבַי אֵהָב", הַיְינוּ שֶׁאֶפְתַּח לָכֶם הֶאָרַת פָּנַי וְזֶה נֶגֶד פֶּסַח שֶׁאָז נִפְתָּח אַהֲבַת הַש"י לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, "וּמְשַׁחֲרַי יִמְצָאֻנְנִי" הַיְינוּ אַחַר שֶׁיִּשְׁתַּדְּלוּ וִישַׁחֲרוּ לְטוּב הַש"י, אָז יִקָּבַע בְּלִבָּם הֶאָרָה שְׁלֵימָה מִבְּלִי הֶפְסֵק. וְזֶהוּ בְּחַג הַשָּׁבוּעוֹת כִּי הַנּוּ"ן יְתֵירָה שֶׁל "יִמְצָאֻנְנִי" יוֹרֶה עַל נ' שַׁעֲרֵי בִּינָה הַנִּמְצָאִים בַּתּוֹרָה, וּבְשָׁבוּעוֹת יִקָּבַע בְּלֵב כָּל אָדָם שֶׁיִּמָּשֵׁךְ אַחַר רְצוֹן הַש"י וְהוּא עַל יְדֵי מִצְוַת סְפִירַת הָעֹמֶר, כִּי הָעֹמֶר הָיָה בָּא מִן הַשְּׂעוֹרִים הַיְינוּ שֶׁיְּדַקְדְּקוּ בִּרְצוֹן הַש"י שֶׁלֹּא יִטּוּ אַף כְּחוּט הַשַּׂעֲרָה, וְעַל יְדֵי זֶה יִזְכּוּ לְבִינָה וּלְהֶאָרַת הַש"י שֶׁיִּהְיֶה לָהֶם בִּקְבִיעוּת. כִּי בְּפֶסַח לֹא הִשִּׂיגוּ רַק הֶאָרָה לְפִי שָׁעָה וְתֵיכֶף נִסְתָּם, כִּי רָאוּ אֶת יִקְרַת אוֹר הַש"י כִּי טוֹב הוּא וְלֹא הָיוּ יְכוֹלִים לְהִמָּשֵׁךְ אַחַר רְצוֹנוֹ. וְעי"ז נֶאֱמַר "רָאֲתָה שִׁפְחָה בַּיָּם" כִּי כָל יִשְׂרָאֵל הָיוּ כְּשִׁפְחָה תַּחַת עוֹל הַש"י שֶׁלֹּא יִהְיוּ יְכוֹלִים לְהַשְׁלִים רְצוֹנָם לִרְצוֹן הַש"י. וּבְשָׁבוּעוֹת הַיְינוּ מַתַּן תּוֹרָה הַיְינוּ שֶׁהַש"י קוֹבֵעַ בִּינָה בְּלֵב כָּל אָדָם שֶׁיָּבִינוּ בְּנַפְשָׁם רְצוֹן הַש"י, וְזֶה הַבִּינָה נִקְרֵאת יָרֵחַ, וְיָרֵחַ מוֹרֶה עַל בִּינָה בַּלֵּב, כִּי שֶׁמֶשׁ מוֹרָה עַל חָכְמָה לְעֵינֵי הָאָדָם, וְהֵמָּה הַתַּרְיַ"ג מִצְוֹת שֶׁיֵּדַע הָאָדָם עַל פִּי כְּלָלֵי הַמִּצְוֹת אֵיךְ לְהִתְנַהֵג בְּכָל דָּבָר אִם הוּא אָסוּר אוֹ מֻתָּר. וְיָרֵחַ מוֹרֶה עַל בִּינָה בְּלֵב הָאָדָם לְקַדֵּשׁ עַצְמוֹ אַף בַּמֻּתָּר לוֹ, שֶׁיִּהְיֶה לוֹ גְּבוּל וּתְחוּם בְּמֵעָיו לְהַבְדִּיל שֶׁעַד כָּאן הוּא בִּרְצוֹן הַש"י וּמִכָּאן וְאֵילָךְ אֵינוֹ בִּרְצוֹן הַש"י, וְזֶה הַבִּינָה יִצְטָרֵךְ לְאָדָם בְּכָל עִנְיָנָיו. וְזֶה מַה דְּאִיתָא בַּגְּמָ' (בראשית רבה פרשה ו',ה') "אֻמּוֹת הָעוֹלָם מוֹנִין לַחַמָּה וְיִשְׂרָאֵל מוֹנִין לַלְּבָנָה" כִּי שֶׁמֶשׁ הוּא חָכְמָה שֶׁיֵּשׁ בְּכֹחַ הָאָדָם לְהַשִּׂיגָהּ, אֲבָל לְבָנָה מוֹרָה עַל הַחַיִּים שֶׁהִיא לְמַעְלָה מֵהַשֵּׂכֶל, כִּי יָרֵחַ הִיא מִלְּשׁוֹן רֵיחַ שֶׁיִּשְׂרָאֵל יָרִיחוּ בְּכָל דָּבָר אֶת שָׁרְשׁוֹ מֵחַיֵּי עוֹלָם הַבָּא, אַף שֶׁהַיָּרֵחַ הוּא תַּחַת הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ אַךְ כִּדְאִיתָא בַּזוה"ק (בראשית רל"ז:) "אֵין לְסֵיהֲרָא עִלָּאָה קָא מְנֵינִין", שֶׁהַשֶּׁמֶשׁ הִיא מְקַבֶּלֶת אוֹר מִסֵּיהֲרָא עִילָּאָה, וּלְשִׁמְשָׁא עִילָּאָה לֹא זָכָה לְהַשִּׂיג רַק מֹשֶׁה רַבֵּינוּ עָלָיו הַשָּׁלוֹם. וּסְפַרְתֶּם לָכֶם מִמָּחֳרַת הַשַּׁבָּת. עִנְיַן סְפִירָה הִיא בְּיַעַן כִּי זֶה הַזְּמַן מִפֶּסַח עַד שָׁבוּעוֹת צָרִיךְ שְׁמִירָה כְּמוֹ שֶׁכָּתוּב "שְׁבֻעוֹת חֻקּוֹת קָצִיר יִשְׁמָר לָנוּ" (ירמיה ה',כ"ד), וְאִיתָא בַּגְּמָ' (ויקרא רבה פרשה כ"ח,ג') "יִשְׁמוֹר לָנוּ מֵרוּחוֹת רָעוֹת וּמִטְּלָלִים רָעִים", כִּי זְמַן הַהוּא צָרִיךְ שְׁמִירָה מֵרוּחוֹת רָעוֹת וּמִטְּלָלִים רָעִים, לָכֵן צִוָּה לָנוּ הַש"י לִסְפּוֹר וּלְצַפּוֹת מִיּוֹם לְיוֹם עַל זְמַן מַתַּן תּוֹרָתֵינוּ וְנִהְיֶה שׁוֹמְרֵי מִצְוָה, "וְשׁוֹמֵר מִצְוָה לֹא יֵדַע דָּבָר רָע" וְעַל יְדֵי זֶה אָנוּ זוֹכִין לְהִנָּצֵל.
“… and you shall bring an omer [a measurement, tenth of an ephah] of the first fruits of your harvest to the Cohen.” (Vayikra, 23:10) It is said in the writings of the Ari’zal (R. Yitschak Luria, 1534–1572) that “omer” is the numerical equivalent of yakar, meaning precious (both equal 310). This is because on the first night of Passover such a great and precious light is opened up for Israel. All of God’s goodness is open before them, and then afterwards, it is closed. Therefore, on the second night of Passover, a great cry remains in the heart of all of Israel, and they cry out to God, “how precious [yakar] are Your kindnesses, E-lohim!” wanting God to return to them the illumination of His sefira. On this, King Shlomo said in his prophecy (Mishlei, 8:17), “I love those that love Me,” meaning that for them I will open up the illumination of my countenance, and this corresponds to Passover, a time when the love of God opens up for Israel. Furthermore (as the verse in Mishlei continues), “those who rise early will find Me,” meaning that after they strive and wake up early to receive God’s goodness, then He will fix a complete and uninterrupted illumination in their hearts. This happens (50 days later) on the festival of Shevuot. We find the Hebrew word for “they will find Me” is written in this verse with an extra letter nun (yimtza’uNaNi). The letter nun is numerically equivalent to 50, and represents the nun sha’arei bina, the fifty gates of understanding in the Torah. Then on Shevuot the ability to be drawn after God’s will is instilled in all of us. We do this by fulfilling the mitzvah of counting the days of the Omer between Passover and Shevuot. This is why the Omer is an offering of barley (seorah), as if to say be scrupulous in following God’s will and not deviating from it even a hair’s breadth (sea’rah). Through this one merits Binah–Understanding and being instilled with the illumination of God. On Passover they only received a temporary illumination, which was then immediately concealed. They saw the preciousness of God’s light but were unable to be drawn after His will. This is why our Sages say, “a maidservant saw more at the splitting of the Red Sea that the prophet Yechezkel.” Namely “a maidservant,” for all of Israel were like maidservants in the servitude of God, and were unable to fulfill their personal desire in His desire. Then on Shevuot, with the giving of the Torah, God fixed Binah the hearts of all men that they could understand God’s will in the depths of their souls. This manifestation of Binah is called “the moon.” The moon intimates the understanding of the heart, whereas the sun intimates Chochma, wisdom that is clear to all. Chochma is the 613 mitzvot, so that a man uses his wisdom to know the proper course of action by means of the principles of the mitzvot. With these principles he knows what is permitted and what is forbidden. The moon, however, teaches of the understanding in the heart with which a man may sanctify himself even in (delineate himself from) that which is permitted to him. This means that he has a deep and instinctive feeling for where he needs to draw his boundaries, knowing how to recognize the boundaries of God’s will, and any further is not God’s will. Man needs this kind of understanding in all circumstances. This is why it says in the Midrash (Bereshit Rabba, 6:5), “The nations of the world measure the year by the sun, and Israel measures the year by the moon.” This is because the sun is the Chochma which is in man’s power of comprehension, but the moon teaches of life that is above the intellect. We see this in the very word for moon, yareyach, which is similar to reyach, smell, for Israel can “smell” the roots of everything in the lives of the world to come. This is even so with the moon exists, as it were, under the sun, as we find in the holy Zohar (Bereshit, 237b), “which of them is greater? Certainly the moon is above, and the sun of the nations of the world is under this moon, and this sun receives its light from the supernal moon, and illuminates. See the difference between them and Israel. Israel holds on to the moon and evolves (receives a concatenation of light) from the supernal sun. It is thus unified in the place of the illumination of the supernal sun, holding on to it. This is as it is written, ‘you who cleave to Hashem your God are all alive today.’” The sun receives its light from the supernal moon, and the only one who could ever merit the direct illumination of the supernal sun was Moshe Rabeynu. “And you shall count from the day after the Sabbath [first day of Passover] from the day you brought the omer of the wave offering ….” (Vayikra, 23:15) We count the Omer because the seven weeks between Passover and Shevuot require a special vigilance, as it is written (Yirmiya, 5:24), “in the weeks [shevuot] the laws of the harvest are guarded for us.” It is written in the Midrash (Vayikra Rabba, 28:3), “then He will guard us from evil winds and evil dews,” for this time of the year needs special protection from the forces of nature and evil spirits. Therefore God commanded us at this time to count, and each day to anticipate eagerly the moment of the giving of our Torah. In this time we are especially enjoined to guard the mitzvot, for those who adhere to the mitzvot will not know misfortune, and through them we merit salvation.