parshaמפרשי הפרשה

כלי יקר — כי תדר נדר לה' אלהיך לא תאחר לשלמו / וכי תחדל לנדר לא יהיה בך חטא

Why is there *both* a warning against delaying a vow ('לא תאחר לשלמו') *and* a warning against vowing in the first place ('וכי תחדל לנדר לא יהיה בך חטא')? What is the unifying theme?

לפי שיצרו של אדם תוקפו בדבר הנדור דוקא וכל זמן שנדרו עליו אז היצר הרע מתגרה בו ביותר, ואומרים לו לא דייך מה שאסרה עליך התורה והבו דלא לוסיף עליה להרבות גירוי של היצר הרע בך, לכך נאמר 'לא תאחר לשלמו' שלא לעמוד ימים רבים במצודתו. ולכך נאמר 'וכי תחדל לנדור לא יהיה בך חטא' היינו היצר הרע המחטיאך.

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כלי יקר

כלי יקר על דברים כ״ג:כ״ב

Kli Yakar on Deuteronomy 23:22

Q — Why is there *both* a warning against delaying a vow ('לא תאחר לשלמו') *and* a warning against vowing in the first place ('וכי תחדל לנדר לא יהיה בך חטא')? What is the unifying theme?

A — Kli Yakar reads both verses as anti-yetzer-hara strategy. When a person vows, he creates a self-imposed prohibition beyond what the Torah requires. The יצר הרע seizes on every such self-imposed prohibition: 'isn't what the Torah already forbids enough?' The longer the vow stands unfulfilled, the more time the יצר הרע has to wear the person down — 'לא לעמוד ימים רבים במצודתו.' So 'לא תאחר לשלמו' is a tactical instruction: pay it fast and remove the foothold. And avoiding vows altogether is even better: 'וכי תחדל לנדור לא יהיה בך חטא' — where 'חטא' here means specifically the יצר הרע ('לא יהיה בך אל זר זה יצר הרע,' Shabbat 105b). Two routes, one principle: deny the יצר הרע its working surface.

לפי שיצרו של אדם תוקפו בדבר הנדור דוקא וכל זמן שנדרו עליו אז היצר הרע מתגרה בו ביותר, ואומרים לו לא דייך מה שאסרה עליך התורה והבו דלא לוסיף עליה להרבות גירוי של היצר הרע בך, לכך נאמר 'לא תאחר לשלמו' שלא לעמוד ימים רבים במצודתו. ולכך נאמר 'וכי תחדל לנדור לא יהיה בך חטא' היינו היצר הרע המחטיאך.

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