The Shechinah's Presence in Eretz Yisrael

אֶ֕רֶץ אֲשֶׁר־יְהֹוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ דֹּרֵ֣שׁ אֹתָ֑הּ תָּמִ֗יד עֵינֵ֨י יְהֹוָ֤ה אֱלֹהֶ֙יךָ֙ בָּ֔הּ מֵֽרֵשִׁית֙ הַשָּׁנָ֔ה וְעַ֖ד אַחֲרִ֥ית שָׁנָֽה׃ {ס}

It is a land that the ETERNAL your God looks after, on which the ETERNAL your God always keeps an eye, from year’s beginning to year’s end.

וַיִּיקַ֣ץ יַעֲקֹב֮ מִשְּׁנָתוֹ֒ וַיֹּ֕אמֶר אָכֵן֙ יֵ֣שׁ יְהֹוָ֔ה בַּמָּק֖וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה וְאָנֹכִ֖י לֹ֥א יָדָֽעְתִּי׃

Jacob awoke from his sleep and said, “Surely GOD is present in this place, and I did not know it!”

כִּי־בָחַ֣ר יְהֹוָ֣ה בְּצִיּ֑וֹן אִ֝וָּ֗הּ לְמוֹשָׁ֥ב לֽוֹ׃ זֹאת־מְנוּחָתִ֥י עֲדֵי־עַ֑ד פֹּה־אֵ֝שֵׁ֗ב כִּ֣י אִוִּתִֽיהָ׃

For GOD has chosen Zion, desiring it for a seat. “This is my resting-place for all time; here I will dwell, for I desire it.

תָּנוּ רַבָּנַן: לְעוֹלָם יָדוּר אָדָם בְּאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל אֲפִילּוּ בְּעִיר שֶׁרוּבָּהּ גּוֹיִם, וְאַל יָדוּר בְּחוּצָה לָאָרֶץ וַאֲפִילּוּ בְּעִיר שֶׁרוּבָּהּ יִשְׂרָאֵל, שֶׁכׇּל הַדָּר בְּאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל דּוֹמֶה כְּמִי שֶׁיֵּשׁ לוֹ אֱלוֹהַּ, וְכׇל הַדָּר בְּחוּצָה לָאָרֶץ דּוֹמֶה כְּמִי שֶׁאֵין לוֹ אֱלוֹהַּ. שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״לָתֵת לָכֶם אֶת אֶרֶץ כְּנַעַן לִהְיוֹת לָכֶם לֵאלֹהִים״. וְכֹל שֶׁאֵינוֹ דָּר בָּאָרֶץ אֵין לוֹ אֱלוֹהַּ? אֶלָּא לוֹמַר לָךְ: כׇּל הַדָּר בְּחוּצָה לָאָרֶץ כְּאִילּוּ עוֹבֵד עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה. וְכֵן בְּדָוִד הוּא אוֹמֵר: ״כִּי גֵרְשׁוּנִי הַיּוֹם מֵהִסְתַּפֵּחַ בְּנַחֲלַת ה׳ לֵאמֹר לֵךְ עֲבוֹד אֱלֹהִים אֲחֵרִים״, וְכִי מִי אָמַר לוֹ לְדָוִד לֵךְ עֲבוֹד אֱלֹהִים אֲחֵרִים? אֶלָּא לוֹמַר לָךְ: כׇּל הַדָּר בְּחוּצָה לָאָרֶץ — כְּאִילּוּ עוֹבֵד עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה.

§ In relation to the basic point raised by the mishna concerning living in Eretz Yisrael, the Sages taught: A person should always reside in Eretz Yisrael, even in a city that is mostly populated by gentiles, and he should not reside outside of Eretz Yisrael, even in a city that is mostly populated by Jews. The reason is that anyone who resides in Eretz Yisrael is considered as one who has a God, and anyone who resides outside of Eretz Yisrael is considered as one who does not have a God. As it is stated: “To give to you the land of Canaan, to be your God” (Leviticus 25:38). The Gemara expresses surprise: And can it really be said that anyone who resides outside of Eretz Yisrael has no God? Rather, this comes to tell you that anyone who resides outside of Eretz Yisrael is considered as though he is engaged in idol worship. And so it says with regard to David: “For they have driven me out this day that I should not cleave to the inheritance of the Lord, saying: Go, serve other gods” (I Samuel 26:19). But who said to David: Go, serve other gods? Rather, this comes to tell you that anyone who resides outside of Eretz Yisrael is considered as though he is engaged in idol worship.

הִנֵּה נִתְנַבֵּא אַבְרָהָם כְּדֵי שֶׁיַעֲבֹר בָּהּ, וִיחֶזְקֵאל וְדָנִיֵּאל בַּעֲבוּרָה, וּכְבָר הָיוּ נִמְצָאִים בְּבַיִת רִאשׁוֹן וְרָאוּ בוֹ הַשְּׁכִינָה אֲשֶׁר בְּהִמָּצְאָהּ הָיָה מַגִּיעַ לִנְבוּאָה כָּל הַמּוּכָן לָהּ מֵהַסְּגֻלָּה. וְכֵן שָׁבָה הַנְּבוּאָה בְזַרְעוֹ בְאֶרֶץ כְּנַעַן, רַבּוּ אֲנָשֶׁיהָ כָּל יְמֵי עָמְדָם בְּאֶרֶץ כְּנַעַן, עִם הָעִנְיָנִים הָעוֹזְרִים מֵהַטְּהָרוֹת וְהָעֲבוֹדוֹת והַקָּרְבָּנוֹת, כָּל שֶׁכֵּן בְּהִמָּצֵא הַשְּׁכִינָה.

The two latter had lived during the time of the first Temple, had seen the Shekhinah, through the influence of which each one who was duly prepared became of the elect, and able to prophesy. Philosophers and those whose souls and character are so harmonious that it can find its dwelling among them.

וַיֵּרָא אֵלָיו. אָמַר רַבִּי אַבָּא עַד לָא אִתְגְּזַר אַבְרָהָם הֲוָה אָטִים. כֵּיוָן דְּאִתְגְּזַר אִתְגְּלִי כֹלָּא וְשָׁרָא עֲלֵיהּ שְׁכִינְתָּא בִּשְׁלִימוּ כְּדְקָא יְאוּת. תָּא חֲזֵי וְהוּא יוֹשֵׁב פֶּתַח הָאֹהֶל. וְהוּא. דָּא עָלְמָא עִלָּאָה דְּשָׁרֵי עַל הַאי עָלְמָא תַּתָּאָה. אֵימָתַי כְּחוֹם הַיּוֹם בְּזִמְנָא דְּתִיאוּבְתָּא דְּחַד צַדִּיק לְמִשְׁרֵי בֵּיהּ.

AND THERE APPEARED UNTO HIM. R. Abba said: ‘Before Abraham was circumcised he was, as it were, covered over, but as soon as he was circumcised he became completely exposed to the influence of the Shekinah, which thereupon rested on him in full and perfect measure. The words “as he sat in the tent door” picture the supernal world hovering over this lower world. When is this? “In the heat of the day”, that is, at a period when a certain Zaddik (righteous one) feels a desire to repose therein.

וכן עד"ז הוא ענין מלת צלם. כי המה דומים במשמעם בצד מה:

And so this is what is meant by tzellem: that the one resembles the other in some fashion.