Mitzvotמצוות

The Obligation to Teach Torah: Scope and Parameters

These sources delineate the mitzvah of Torah instruction, establishing it as a foundational parental duty rooted in biblical command, explaining its extension from father to child to broader communal responsibility, and addressing how the obligation encompasses both formal and relational modes of transmission.

אוֹהֵב אֶת הַבְּרִיּוֹת וּמְקָרְבָן לַתּוֹרָה

44 sources · 39 verified

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What the sources say

The foundational obligation derives from Devarim 11:19, "And you shall teach them to your sons," and the Gemara (Kiddushin 29a-30a) derives from a dual reading of that verb — velimadtem and ulmadtem — both the father's duty to teach his son and, where the father failed, the son's duty to teach himself; the same exegesis establishes that whoever is not commanded to study is not commanded to teach, which is why women are exempt.

The obligation extends well beyond one's biological son: the Rambam (Mishneh Torah, Torah Study 1:1-2) rules that just as a father must teach his son he must teach his grandson, deriving this from Devarim 4:9, and further that it is a mitzvah for every Torah scholar to teach all students, since students too are called "sons" — a drashah from Sifrei on "veshinantam levanecha" also cited by the Sefer HaChinukh (419) and the Arukh HaShulchan (Yoreh De'ah 245), who adds that the same extension applies to one's daughter's son.

The Sages gave this universal teaching obligation institutional expression: the Gemara (Bava Batra 21a) credits Yehoshua ben Gamla with the enactment that teachers of children be appointed in every district and every town, because previously only a child whose father could teach him received Torah, and the Rambam (Mishneh Torah, Torah Study 2:1-2) rules that a town which fails to maintain such teachers is placed under a ban, and if it still does not comply it deserves destruction, since the world endures only by virtue of children's Torah study.

The Shulchan Arukh codifies the hierarchy of priorities within this obligation: the Shulchan Arukh (Yoreh De'ah 245:1-20) rules that when a father cannot afford to finance both his own study and his son's, he comes first if they are equal in ability, but if the son is more perceptive the son takes precedence — and in every case one must not abandon one's own study entirely; the Shulchan Arukh (Yoreh De'ah 246:1-26) further rules that every Jewish man, regardless of circumstance, must fix times for Torah study day and night, and one who cannot study himself fulfills the obligation by financing others who do.

The character and standards of the teaching relationship are themselves regulated: the Rambam (Mishneh Torah, Torah Study 2:3-7) sets a maximum of twenty-five students per teacher, requires an assistant above that number, and rules that a teacher who is negligent in his students' instruction falls under the curse reserved for one who performs God's work deceitfully; the Rambam (Mishneh Torah, Torah Study 1:7) adds that while taking payment for teaching Scripture is permitted where customary, taking payment for teaching Oral Torah is forbidden, modeled on Moses's teaching Israel without charge, though one may be paid for time and supervision costs, as the Gemara (Nedarim 37a) also discusses.

Contemporary Halakhic Problems (Vol II, Chapter V) emphasizes that the teaching obligation is not merely instrumental — enabling children to perform mitzvot — but is itself an intrinsic component of the mitzvah of talmud Torah, so that just as one's own study is an end in itself, teaching Torah to one's children is equally an end in itself.

The Klausenberger Rebbe (Divrei Yatziv CM 48) reasons that a student upon whom there rests an obligation to teach Oral Torah to sharpened and trained students cannot logically leave his own son worse off, and concludes that with respect to Oral Torah a son stands in the same position as any other student — meaning the mitzvah to teach one's son applies no less in Oral Torah than in Scripture.

Tzitz Eliezer (19:51) addresses the definition of the student-teacher relationship within the teaching obligation, treating who qualifies as a communal provider fit to be appointed and who constitutes the student whom people consult on halakhic matters, even across an entire tractate.

Igros Moshe (YD 2:110) rules that the obligation to teach Torah extends to all people without charge, rooted in the Devarim command as developed in Sifrei, so that the duty of Torah transmission is not limited to one's own family but is universal in scope.

Responsa on this question

Igros Moshe (Igros Moshe YD 4:31)Igros Moshe (YD 4:31) rules that teachers have an obligation to instruct all designated hours without any diminishment in either quantity or quality, and this obligation is entirely independent of compensation and extends equally whether teaching Scripture, Mishnah, or Talmud, as teachers must also cultivate faith and good character in their students.

Igros Moshe (Igros Moshe YD 4:36)Igros Moshe (YD 4:36) rules that the obligation to teach Torah extends to all Jews throughout their lives, but permits working for sustenance to support oneself and one's family according to the standard of ordinary people, and does not prohibit doing so even beyond bare necessity if one needs to support dependents.

Source 1 · Tanach
Verified

Deuteronomy 11:19

דברים י״א:י״ט

Deuteronomy 11:19

Parents are commanded to teach Torah to their children and to speak of it in ordinary settings, framing Torah education as a continual, relational obligation rather than a confined classroom activity.

וְלִמַּדְתֶּ֥ם אֹתָ֛ם אֶת־בְּנֵיכֶ֖ם לְדַבֵּ֣ר בָּ֑ם בְּשִׁבְתְּךָ֤ בְּבֵיתֶ֙ךָ֙ וּבְלֶכְתְּךָ֣ בַדֶּ֔רֶךְ וּֽבְשׇׁכְבְּךָ֖ וּבְקוּמֶֽךָ׃

and teach them to your children—reciting them when you stay at home and when you are away, when you lie down and when you get up;

See also

Source 2 · Chazal
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Kiddushin 29a-30a

קידושין כ״ט א-ל׳ א

Kiddushin 29a-30a

The sugya identifies the obligations of a father toward his son, including teaching Torah, and discusses the scope of the duty, communal transmission, and the verse-based derivation of teaching children and grandchildren.

לְלַמְּדוֹ תּוֹרָה. מְנָלַן? דִּכְתִיב: ״וְלִמַּדְתֶּם אֹתָם אֶת בְּנֵיכֶם״. וְהֵיכָא דְּלָא אַגְמְרֵיהּ אֲבוּהּ מִיחַיַּיב אִיהוּ לְמִיגְמַר נַפְשֵׁיהּ, דִּכְתִיב: ״וּלְמַדְתֶּם״. אִיהִי מְנָלַן דְּלָא מִיחַיְּיבָא? דִּכְתִיב: ״וְלִימַּדְתֶּם״ ״וּלְמַדְתֶּם״, כֹּל שֶׁמְּצֻוֶּוה לִלְמוֹד – מְצֻוֶּוה לְלַמֵּד, וְכֹל שֶׁאֵינוֹ מְצֻוֶּוה לִלְמוֹד – אֵינוֹ מְצֻוֶּוה לְלַמֵּד. וְאִיהִי מְנָלַן דְּלָא מִיחַיְּיבָה לְמֵילַף נַפְשַׁהּ? דִּכְתִיב: ״וְלִימַּדְתֶּם״ ״וּלְמַדְתֶּם״, כֹּל שֶׁאֲחֵרִים מְצֻוִּוין לְלַמְּדוֹ – מְצֻוֶּוה לְלַמֵּד אֶת עַצְמוֹ, וְכֹל שֶׁאֵין אֲחֵרִים מְצֻוִּוין לְלַמְּדוֹ – אֵין מְצֻוֶּוה לְלַמֵּד אֶת עַצְמוֹ. וּמִנַּיִן שֶׁאֵין אֲחֵרִים מְצֻוִּוין לְלַמְּדָהּ? דְּאָמַר קְרָא: ״וְלִמַּדְתֶּם אֹתָם אֶת בְּנֵיכֶם״ אֶת בְּנֵיכֶם, וְלֹא בְּנוֹתֵיכֶם. תָּנוּ רַבָּנַן: הוּא לִלְמוֹד וּבְנוֹ לִלְמוֹד – הוּא קוֹדֵם לִבְנוֹ. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: אִם בְּנוֹ זָרִיז וּמְמוּלָּח וְתַלְמוּדוֹ מִתְקַיֵּים בְּיָדוֹ – בְּנוֹ קוֹדְמוֹ. כִּי הָא דְּרַב יַעֲקֹב בְּרֵיהּ דְּרַב אַחָא בַּר יַעֲקֹב שַׁדְּרֵיהּ אֲבוּהּ לְקַמֵּיהּ דְּאַבָּיֵי. כִּי אֲתָא חַזְיֵיהּ דְּלָא הֲוָה מִיחַדְּדָן שְׁמַעְתֵּיהּ. אֲמַר לֵיהּ: אֲנָא עֲדִיפָא מִינָּךְ, תּוּב אַתְּ, דְּאֵיזִיל אֲנָא. עַד הֵיכָן חַיָּיב אָדָם לְלַמֵּד אֶת בְּנוֹ תּוֹרָה? אָמַר רַב יְהוּדָה אָמַר שְׁמוּאֵל: כְּגוֹן זְבוּלוּן בֶּן דָּן, שֶׁלִּימְּדוֹ אֲבִי אָבִיו מִקְרָא וּמִשְׁנָה וְתַלְמוּד הֲלָכוֹת וְאַגָּדוֹת. מֵיתִיבִי: לִמְּדוֹ מִקְרָא – אֵין מְלַמְּדוֹ מִשְׁנָה, וְאָמַר רָבָא: מִקְרָא – זוֹ תּוֹרָה!

§ The baraita teaches that a father is obligated to teach his son Torah. The Gemara asks: From where do we derive this requirement? As it is written: “And you shall teach them [velimadtem] to your sons” (Deuteronomy 11:19). And in a case where his father did not teach him he is obligated to teach himself, as it is written, i.e., the verse can be read with a different vocalization: And you shall study [ulmadtem]. From where do we derive that a woman is not obligated to teach her son Torah? As it is written: “And you shall teach [velimadtem],” which can be read as: And you shall study [ulmadtem]. This indicates that whoever is commanded to study Torah is commanded to teach, and whoever is not commanded to study is not commanded to teach. Since a woman is not obligated to learn Torah, she is likewise not obligated to teach it. The Gemara asks: And from where do we derive that she is not obligated to teach herself? The Gemara answers: As it is written: “And you shall teach [velimadtem],” which can be read as: And you shall study [ulmadtem], which indicates that whoever others are commanded to teach is commanded to teach himself, and whoever others are not commanded to teach is not commanded to teach himself. And from where is it derived that others are not commanded to teach a woman? As the verse states: “And you shall teach them to your sons” (Deuteronomy 11:19), which emphasizes: Your sons and not your daughters. The Sages taught: If one wishes to study Torah himself and his son also wants to study, he takes precedence over his son. Rabbi Yehuda says: If his son is diligent and sharp, and his study will endure, his son takes precedence over him. This is like that anecdote which is told about Rav Ya’akov, son of Rav Aḥa bar Ya’akov, whose father sent him to Abaye to study Torah. When the son came home, his father saw that his studies were not sharp, as he was insufficiently bright. Rav Aḥa bar Ya’akov said to his son: I am preferable to you, and it is better that I go and study. Therefore, you sit and handle the affairs of the house so that I can go and study. § The Gemara continues its discussion of a father’s obligation to teach his son Torah. To what extent is a person obligated to teach his son Torah? Rav Yehuda says that Shmuel says: One should emulate the education of, for example, Zevulun ben Dan, a contemporary of Shmuel, whose father’s father taught him Bible, Mishna, Talmud, halakhot, and aggadot. The Gemara raises an objection from a baraita: If a father taught his son Bible, he is not required to teach him Mishna. And Rava said in explanation of this baraita: Bible is the Torah, not the Prophets or Writings, i.e., he is not required to teach him anything else, including Mishna.

Source 3 · Chazal
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Bava Batra 21a

בבא בתרא כ״א א — ד"ה דְּאָמַר רַב יְהוּדָה אָמַר רַב

Bava Batra 21a:2

The famous account of Yehoshua ben Gamla establishes the communal school system, requiring towns to appoint teachers and making Torah education accessible beyond the private capacity of individual fathers.

דְּאָמַר רַב יְהוּדָה אָמַר רַב: בְּרַם, זָכוּר אוֹתוֹ הָאִישׁ לַטּוֹב – וִיהוֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן גַּמְלָא שְׁמוֹ, שֶׁאִלְמָלֵא הוּא, נִשְׁתַּכַּח תּוֹרָה מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל. שֶׁבִּתְחִלָּה, מִי שֶׁיֵּשׁ לוֹ אָב – מְלַמְּדוֹ תּוֹרָה, מִי שֶׁאֵין לוֹ אָב – לֹא הָיָה לָמֵד תּוֹרָה. מַאי דְּרוּשׁ? ״וְלִמַּדְתֶּם אֹתָם״ – וְלִמַּדְתֶּם אַתֶּם. הִתְקִינוּ שֶׁיְּהוּ מוֹשִׁיבִין מְלַמְּדֵי תִינוֹקוֹת בִּירוּשָׁלַיִם. מַאי דְּרוּשׁ? ״כִּי מִצִּיּוֹן תֵּצֵא תוֹרָה״. וַעֲדַיִין מִי שֶׁיֵּשׁ לוֹ אָב – הָיָה מַעֲלוֹ וּמְלַמְּדוֹ, מִי שֶׁאֵין לוֹ אָב – לֹא הָיָה עוֹלֶה וְלָמֵד. הִתְקִינוּ שֶׁיְּהוּ מוֹשִׁיבִין בְּכׇל פֶּלֶךְ וּפֶלֶךְ. וּמַכְנִיסִין אוֹתָן כְּבֶן שֵׁשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה כְּבֶן שְׁבַע עֶשְׂרֵה, וּמִי שֶׁהָיָה רַבּוֹ כּוֹעֵס עָלָיו – מְבַעֵיט בּוֹ וְיֹצֵא. עַד שֶׁבָּא יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן גַּמְלָא וְתִיקֵּן, שֶׁיְּהוּ מוֹשִׁיבִין מְלַמְּדֵי תִינוֹקוֹת בְּכׇל מְדִינָה וּמְדִינָה וּבְכׇל עִיר וָעִיר, וּמַכְנִיסִין אוֹתָן כְּבֶן שֵׁשׁ כְּבֶן שֶׁבַע.

What was this ordinance? As Rav Yehuda says that Rav says: Truly, that man is remembered for the good, and his name is Yehoshua ben Gamla. If not for him the Torah would have been forgotten from the Jewish people. Initially, whoever had a father would have his father teach him Torah, and whoever did not have a father would not learn Torah at all. The Gemara explains: What verse did they interpret homiletically that allowed them to conduct themselves in this manner? They interpreted the verse that states: “And you shall teach them [otam] to your sons” (Deuteronomy 11:19), to mean: And you yourselves [atem] shall teach, i.e., you fathers shall teach your sons. When the Sages saw that not everyone was capable of teaching their children and Torah study was declining, they instituted an ordinance that teachers of children should be established in Jerusalem. The Gemara explains: What verse did they interpret homiletically that enabled them to do this? They interpreted the verse: “For Torah emerges from Zion” (Isaiah 2:3). But still, whoever had a father, his father ascended with him to Jerusalem and had him taught, but whoever did not have a father, he did not ascend and learn. Therefore, the Sages instituted an ordinance that teachers of children should be established in one city in each and every region [pelekh]. And they brought the students in at the age of sixteen and at the age of seventeen. But as the students were old and had not yet had any formal education, a student whose teacher grew angry at him would rebel against him and leave. It was impossible to hold the youths there against their will. This state of affairs continued until Yehoshua ben Gamla came and instituted an ordinance that teachers of children should be established in each and every province and in each and every town, and they would bring the children in to learn at the age of six and at the age of seven. With regard to the matter at hand, since this system was established for the masses, the neighbors cannot prevent a scholar from teaching Torah in the courtyard.

Source 4 · Chazal
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Mishnah Kiddushin 1:7

משנה קידושין א׳

Mishnah Kiddushin 1:7

The Mishnah states that a father is obligated regarding his son’s circumcision, redemption, teaching Torah, teaching a trade, and arranging marriage, locating Torah instruction within the core duties of parenthood.

כָּל מִצְוֹת הַבֵּן עַל הָאָב, אֲנָשִׁים חַיָּבִין וְנָשִׁים פְּטוּרוֹת. וְכָל מִצְוֹת הָאָב עַל הַבֵּן, אֶחָד אֲנָשִׁים וְאֶחָד נָשִׁים חַיָּבִין. וְכָל מִצְוַת עֲשֵׂה שֶׁהַזְּמָן גְּרָמָהּ, אֲנָשִׁים חַיָּבִין וְנָשִׁים פְּטוּרוֹת. וְכָל מִצְוַת עֲשֵׂה שֶׁלֹּא הַזְּמָן גְּרָמָהּ, אֶחָד אֲנָשִׁים וְאֶחָד נָשִׁים חַיָּבִין. וְכָל מִצְוַת לֹא תַעֲשֶׂה, בֵּין שֶׁהַזְּמָן גְּרָמָהּ בֵּין שֶׁלֹּא הַזְּמָן גְּרָמָהּ, אֶחָד אֲנָשִׁים וְאֶחָד נָשִׁים חַיָּבִין, חוּץ מִבַּל תַּשְׁחִית וּבַל תַּקִּיף וּבַל תִּטַּמָּא לְמֵתִים:

Source 5 · Chazal
Verified

Mishnah Avot 1:1

משנה אבות א׳

Pirkei Avot 1:1

The chain of Torah transmission culminates in the Men of the Great Assembly’s instruction to ‘raise many disciples,’ presenting the multiplication of students as a defining educational ideal.

משֶׁה קִבֵּל תּוֹרָה מִסִּינַי, וּמְסָרָהּ לִיהוֹשֻׁעַ, וִיהוֹשֻׁעַ לִזְקֵנִים, וּזְקֵנִים לִנְבִיאִים, וּנְבִיאִים מְסָרוּהָ לְאַנְשֵׁי כְנֶסֶת הַגְּדוֹלָה. הֵם אָמְרוּ שְׁלשָׁה דְבָרִים, הֱווּ מְתוּנִים בַּדִּין, וְהַעֲמִידוּ תַלְמִידִים הַרְבֵּה, וַעֲשׂוּ סְיָג לַתּוֹרָה:

See also

Source 6 · Chazal
Verified

Pirkei Avot 1:12

משנה אבות א׳

Pirkei Avot 1:12

Hillel’s directive to be among the disciples of Aaron—loving people and bringing them near to Torah—broadens teaching beyond formal students to include patient relational outreach.

הִלֵּל וְשַׁמַּאי קִבְּלוּ מֵהֶם. הִלֵּל אוֹמֵר, הֱוֵי מִתַּלְמִידָיו שֶׁל אַהֲרֹן, אוֹהֵב שָׁלוֹם וְרוֹדֵף שָׁלוֹם, אוֹהֵב אֶת הַבְּרִיּוֹת וּמְקָרְבָן לַתּוֹרָה:

Source 7 · Chazal
Verified

Nedarim 37a

נדרים ל״ז א — ד"ה הָא קָא מַשְׁמַע לַן דַּאֲפִילּוּ בִּמְקוֹם

Nedarim 37a:1

The Talmud discusses the obligation to teach Torah, including the public and communal dimensions of Torah instruction and the significance of teaching children even where ordinary remuneration concerns arise.

הָא קָא מַשְׁמַע לַן דַּאֲפִילּוּ בִּמְקוֹם שֶׁנּוֹטְלִין שָׂכָר, עַל הַמִּקְרָא שְׁרֵי לְמִשְׁקַל, עַל הַמִּדְרָשׁ לָא שְׁרֵי לְמִשְׁקַל. מַאי שְׁנָא מִדְרָשׁ דְּלָא — דִּכְתִיב: ״וְאֹתִי צִוָּה ה׳ בָּעֵת הַהִיא לְלַמֵּד אֶתְכֶם״, וּכְתִיב: ״רְאֵה לִמַּדְתִּי אֶתְכֶם חֻקִּים וּמִשְׁפָּטִים כַּאֲשֶׁר צִוַּנִי ה׳״, מָה אֲנִי בְּחִנָּם — אַף אַתֶּם נָמֵי בְּחִנָּם. מִקְרָא נָמֵי בְּחִנָּם! רַב אָמַר: שְׂכַר שִׁימּוּר. וְרַבִּי יוֹחָנָן אָמַר: שְׂכַר פִּיסּוּק טְעָמִים.

The Gemara answers: This teaches us that even in a place where one takes payment for teaching, for teaching Bible it is permitted to take payment, but for teaching midrash it is not permitted to take payment. The Gemara asks: In what way is midrash different from Bible, that one may not take payment for teaching it? Based on that which is written, which Moses said to the people: “And the Lord commanded me at that time to teach you statutes and laws” (Deuteronomy 4:14), and also that which is written: “Behold, I have taught you statutes and laws, as the Lord my God commanded me, that you should do so in the midst of the land where you go in to possess it” (Deuteronomy 4:5), God said: Just as I teach you for free, without payment, so too you also shall teach for free. There should be no difference between Bible and midrash, and Bible too, like midrash, should be taught for free. Rav said: As Bible is typically taught to children, one who teaches Bible takes payment for watching the children. And Rabbi Yoḥanan said: He takes payment for teaching punctuation of the text with cantillation notes.

Source 8 · Chazal
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Eruvin 54b

עירובין נ״ד ב — ד"ה תָּנוּ רַבָּנַן

Eruvin 54b:11

Rabbi Eliezer derives from the precedent of Moses teaching Aaron, Aaron's sons, the elders, and the people in sequence—each group hearing the lesson multiple times—that a person is obligated to teach his student the lesson four times, with an a fortiori argument that an ordinary person teaching an ordinary person must do so all the more so; Rabbi Akiva further derives from scriptural verses that the obligation extends until the student learns it, until it is properly ordered in his mouth, and until the teacher shows him the applications of the law.

תָּנוּ רַבָּנַן, כֵּיצַד סֵדֶר מִשְׁנָה: מֹשֶׁה לָמַד מִפִּי הַגְּבוּרָה. נִכְנַס אַהֲרֹן, וְשָׁנָה לוֹ מֹשֶׁה פִּירְקוֹ, נִסְתַּלֵּק אַהֲרֹן וְיָשַׁב לִשְׂמֹאל מֹשֶׁה. נִכְנְסוּ בָּנָיו, וְשָׁנָה לָהֶן מֹשֶׁה פִּירְקָן. נִסְתַּלְּקוּ בָּנָיו, אֶלְעָזָר יָשַׁב לִימִין מֹשֶׁה, וְאִיתָמָר לִשְׂמֹאל אַהֲרֹן. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: לְעוֹלָם אַהֲרֹן לִימִין מֹשֶׁה חוֹזֵר. נִכְנְסוּ זְקֵנִים וְשָׁנָה לָהֶן מֹשֶׁה פִּירְקָן. נִסְתַּלְּקוּ זְקֵנִים, נִכְנְסוּ כׇּל הָעָם וְשָׁנָה לָהֶן מֹשֶׁה פִּירְקָן. נִמְצְאוּ בְּיַד אַהֲרֹן אַרְבָּעָה, בְּיַד בָּנָיו שְׁלֹשָׁה, וּבְיַד הַזְּקֵנִים שְׁנַיִם, וּבְיַד כׇּל הָעָם אֶחָד. נִסְתַּלֵּק מֹשֶׁה וְשָׁנָה לָהֶן אַהֲרֹן פִּירְקוֹ. נִסְתַּלֵּק אַהֲרֹן שָׁנוּ לָהֶן בָּנָיו פִּירְקָן. נִסְתַּלְּקוּ בָּנָיו, שָׁנוּ לָהֶן זְקֵנִים פִּירְקָן. נִמְצָא בְּיַד הַכֹּל אַרְבָּעָה. מִכָּאן אָמַר רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר: חַיָּיב אָדָם לִשְׁנוֹת לְתַלְמִידוֹ אַרְבָּעָה פְּעָמִים. וְקַל וָחוֹמֶר, וּמָה אַהֲרֹן שֶׁלָּמַד מִפִּי מֹשֶׁה, וּמֹשֶׁה מִפִּי הַגְּבוּרָה — כָּךְ, הֶדְיוֹט מִפִּי הֶדְיוֹט — עַל אַחַת כַּמָּה וְכַמָּה. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר: מִנַּיִן שֶׁחַיָּיב אָדָם לִשְׁנוֹת לְתַלְמִידוֹ עַד שֶׁיִּלְמָדֶנּוּ — שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״וְלַמְּדָהּ אֶת בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל״, וּמִנַּיִן עַד שֶׁתְּהֵא סְדוּרָה בְּפִיהֶם — שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״שִׂימָהּ בְּפִיהֶם״, וּמִנַּיִין שֶׁחַיָּיב לְהַרְאוֹת לוֹ פָּנִים — שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״וְאֵלֶּה הַמִּשְׁפָּטִים אֲשֶׁר תָּשִׂים לִפְנֵיהֶם״. רַבִּי פְּרִידָא הֲוָה לֵיהּ הָהוּא תַּלְמִידָא דַּהֲוָה תָּנֵי לֵיהּ אַרְבַּע מְאָה זִימְנֵי וְגָמַר. יוֹמָא חַד בַּעְיוּהּ לְמִלְּתָא דְמִצְוָה. תְּנָא לֵיהּ וְלָא גְּמַר. אֲמַר לֵיהּ: הָאִידָּנָא מַאי שְׁנָא? אֲמַר לֵיהּ: מִדְּהָהִיא שַׁעְתָּא דַּאֲמַר לֵיהּ לְמָר אִיכָּא מִילְּתָא דְּמִצְוָה — אַסְּחַאי לְדַעְתַּאי, וְכׇל שַׁעְתָּא אָמֵינָא: הַשְׁתָּא קָאֵי מָר, הַשְׁתָּא קָאֵי מָר. אֲמַר לֵיהּ: הַב דַּעְתָּיךְ וְאַתְנֵי לִיךְ. הֲדַר תְּנָא לֵיהּ אַרְבַּע מְאָה זִימְנֵי [אַחֲרִינֵי]. נְפַקָא בַּת קָלָא וַאֲמַר לֵיהּ: נִיחָא לָיךְ דְּלִיסְפּוֹ לָךְ אַרְבַּע מְאָה שְׁנֵי, אוֹ דְּתִיזְכּוֹ אַתְּ וְדָרָךְ לְעָלְמָא דְּאָתֵי? אָמַר: דְּנִיזְכּוֹ אֲנָא וְדָרַיי לְעָלְמָא דְּאָתֵי. אָמַר לָהֶן הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא: תְּנוּ לוֹ זוֹ וָזוֹ.

The Gemara continues to discuss methods of Torah study. The Sages taught the following baraita: What was the order of teaching the Oral Law? How was the Oral Law first taught? Moses learned directly from the mouth of the Almighty. Aaron entered and sat before him, and Moses taught him his lesson as he had learned it from God. Aaron moved aside and sat to the left of Moses. Aaron’s sons entered, and Moses taught them their lesson while Aaron listened. Aaron’s sons moved aside; Elazar sat to the right of Moses and Itamar sat to the left of Aaron. Rabbi Yehuda disagreed with the first tanna with regard to the seating arrangements and said: Actually, Aaron would return to sit to the right of Moses. The elders entered and Moses taught them their lesson. The elders moved aside, and the entire nation entered and Moses taught them their lesson. Therefore, Aaron had heard the lesson four times, his sons heard it three times, the elders heard it twice, and the entire nation heard it once. Moses then departed to his tent, and Aaron taught the others his lesson as he had learned it from Moses. Aaron then departed and his sons taught the others their lesson. His sons then departed and the elders taught the rest of the people their lesson. Hence everyone, Aaron, his sons, the elders and all the people, heard the lesson taught by God four times. From here Rabbi Eliezer said: A person is obligated to teach his student his lesson four times. And it follows by way of an a fortiori inference: If Aaron, who learned from Moses himself, and Moses had received the Torah directly from the mouth of the Almighty, needed this regimen; an ordinary student learning from the mouth of an ordinary teacher, how much more so must he review his studies four times. Rabbi Akiva says: From where do we derive that a person is obligated to teach his student until he learns the material and understands it? As it is stated: “Now therefore write this song for you, and teach it to the children of Israel; put it in their mouths, that this song may be a witness for me against the children of Israel” (Deuteronomy 31:19). This verse indicates that one must teach Torah to others. And from where do we derive that one must teach his students until the material is organized in their mouths? As it is stated: “Put it in their mouths,” so that they should be capable of teaching it to others. And from where do we derive that a teacher must show his students the reasons for the teachings? As it is stated: “Now these are the judgments which you shall set before them” (Exodus 21:1), which indicates that the lesson must be set out in logical fashion for the students. Having discussed the importance of reviewing one’s Torah study, the Gemara relates that Rabbi Perida had a certain student whom he would have to teach four hundred times, and only then would he learn the material, as he was incapable of understanding it otherwise. One day they requested Rabbi Perida’s presence for a mitzva matter after the lesson. Rabbi Perida taught his student four hundred times as usual, but this time the student did not successfully learn the material. Rabbi Perida said to him: What is different now that you are unable to grasp the lesson? He said to him: From the time that they said to the Master that there is a mitzva matter for which he is needed, my mind was distracted from the lesson and every moment I said: Now the Master will get up, now the Master will get up to go and perform the mitzva and he will not complete the lesson. Rabbi Perida said to him: Pay attention this time and I will teach you, and know that I will not leave until you have fully mastered the lesson. He taught him again an additional four hundred times. Due to the merit of Rabbi Perida’s great devotion to his students, a Divine Voice emerged and said to him: Is it preferable to you that four hundred years be added to your life, or that you and the rest of your generation will merit the World-to-Come? He said: I prefer that I and my generation merit the World-to-Come. The Holy One, Blessed be He, said to the angels: Give him both; he shall live a very long life and he and the rest of his generation will merit the World-to-Come.

Source 9 · Chazal
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Sukkah 42a

סוכה מ״ב א — ד"ה קָטָן הַיּוֹדֵעַ לְנַעְנֵעַ

Sukkah 42a:10

When a minor reaches the ability to speak, his father is obligated to teach him Torah and the Shema, specifically the verse "Moses commanded us Torah, an inheritance of the congregation of Jacob" and the first verse of Shema.

קָטָן הַיּוֹדֵעַ לְנַעְנֵעַ. תָּנוּ רַבָּנַן: קָטָן הַיּוֹדֵעַ לְנַעְנֵעַ — חַיָּיב בְּלוּלָב, לְהִתְעַטֵּף — חַיָּיב בְּצִיצִית, לִשְׁמוֹר תְּפִילִּין — אָבִיו לוֹקֵחַ לוֹ תְּפִילִּין, יוֹדֵעַ לְדַבֵּר — אָבִיו מְלַמְּדוֹ תּוֹרָה וּקְרִיאַת שְׁמַע. תּוֹרָה מַאי הִיא? אָמַר רַב הַמְנוּנָא: ״תּוֹרָה צִוָּה לָנוּ מֹשֶׁה מוֹרָשָׁה קְהִלַּת יַעֲקֹב״. קְרִיאַת שְׁמַע מַאי הִיא? פָּסוּק רִאשׁוֹן.

§ It is taught in the mishna: A minor who knows how to wave the lulav is obligated in the mitzva of lulav. The Sages taught: A minor who knows how to wave the lulav is obligated in the mitzva of lulav; one who knows how to wrap himself in a garment, is obligated in the mitzva of ritual fringes; if he knows to preserve the sanctity of phylacteries in a state of cleanliness, his father buys him phylacteries; if he knows how to speak, his father immediately teaches him Torah and Shema. The Gemara asks: And in this context, what is the Torah taught to a child who has just learned to speak? Rav Hamnuna said: It is referring to the verse: “Moses commanded us Torah, an inheritance of the congregation of Jacob” (Deuteronomy 33:4), underscoring the relationship between the Jewish people and the Torah. The Gemara asks further: And what is Shema taught to a child who has just learned to speak? The Gemara answers: It is referring to the first verse of Shema.

Source 10 · Chazal
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Pesachim 109a

פסחים ק״ט א — ד"ה תַּנְיָא

Pesachim 109a:2

Rabbi Akiva never dismissed his students from study, continuing to teach as long as they were willing to listen, except on the eves of Passover and Yom Kippur, when he stopped so that the students' children would sleep before the holiday and be fed before the fast, respectively.

תַּנְיָא, אָמְרוּ עָלָיו עַל רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא: מִיָּמָיו לֹא אָמַר הִגִּיעַ עֵת לַעֲמוֹד בְּבֵית הַמִּדְרָשׁ, חוּץ מֵעַרְבֵי פְסָחִים וְעֶרֶב יוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים. בְּעֶרֶב פֶּסַח — בִּשְׁבִיל תִּינוֹקוֹת, כְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא יִשְׁנוּ. וְעֶרֶב יוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים — כְּדֵי שֶׁיַּאֲכִילוּ אֶת בְּנֵיהֶם.

It was taught in a baraita: They said about Rabbi Akiva that in all his days he never said to his students that the time had come to arise from their learning in the study hall. Instead, he would continue to teach as long as they were willing to listen. This was true except for the eves of Passover and the eve of Yom Kippur, when he would stop teaching. The Gemara explains the reasons for these exceptions: On the eve of Passover, he would stop on account of the children, so that they would go to sleep during the day, so that they would not be tired and sleep at night. And on the eve of Yom Kippur, he would stop so that his students would remember to feed their children.

Source 11 · Chazal
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Sotah 20a:7

סוטה כ׳ א

Sotah 20a:7

Ben Azzai holds that a man is obligated to teach his daughter Torah so that she may understand if merit delays punishment for transgression, while Rabbi Eliezer maintains that teaching a daughter Torah is equivalent to teaching her promiscuity.

אִם יֵשׁ לָהּ זְכוּת — הָיְתָה תּוֹלָה לָהּ. יֵשׁ זְכוּת תּוֹלָה שָׁנָה אַחַת, יֵשׁ זְכוּת תּוֹלָה שְׁתֵּי שָׁנִים, יֵשׁ זְכוּת תּוֹלָה שָׁלֹשׁ שָׁנִים. מִכָּאן אוֹמֵר בֶּן עַזַּאי: חַיָּיב אָדָם לְלַמֵּד אֶת בִּתּוֹ תּוֹרָה, שֶׁאִם תִּשְׁתֶּה תֵּדַע שֶׁהַזְּכוּת תּוֹלָה לָהּ. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר: כׇּל הַמְלַמֵּד בִּתּוֹ תּוֹרָה — (כְּאִילּוּ) לוֹמְּדָהּ תִּפְלוּת.

Source 12 · Chazal
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Pirkei Avot 1:15

משנה אבות א׳:ט״ו

Pirkei Avot 1:15

Shammai’s teaching to make one’s Torah fixed and to say little while doing much is relevant to the teacher’s responsibility to embody consistent practice, not merely deliver information.

שַׁמַּאי אוֹמֵר, עֲשֵׂה תוֹרָתְךָ קֶבַע. אֱמֹר מְעַט וַעֲשֵׂה הַרְבֵּה, וֶהֱוֵי מְקַבֵּל אֶת כָּל הָאָדָם בְּסֵבֶר פָּנִים יָפוֹת:

Shammai used to say: make your [study of the] Torah a fixed practice; speak little, but do much; and receive all men with a pleasant countenance.

Source 13 · Chazal
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Nedarim 35b

נדרים ל״ה ב

Nedarim 35b:1

One may teach a person who has placed one under a vow of non-benefit midrash, halakhot, and aggadot, but not Bible; however, one may teach Bible to his sons and daughters.

מַתְנִי׳ וְתוֹרֵם אֶת תְּרוּמָתוֹ וּמַעְשְׂרוֹתָיו לְדַעְתּוֹ, וּמַקְרִיב עָלָיו קִינֵּי זָבִין, קִינֵּי זָבוֹת, קִינֵּי יוֹלְדוֹת, חַטָּאוֹת וַאֲשָׁמוֹת. וּמְלַמְּדוֹ מִדְרָשׁ הֲלָכוֹת וְאַגָּדוֹת, אֲבָל לֹא יְלַמְּדֶנּוּ מִקְרָא. אֲבָל מְלַמֵּד הוּא אֶת בָּנָיו וְאֶת בְּנוֹתָיו מִקְרָא.

MISHNA: The mishna proceeds to list other tasks that one may perform for someone who is prohibited by vow from benefiting from him. And he separates his teruma and his tithes, provided that it is with the knowledge and consent of the owner of the produce. And he sacrifices for him the bird nests, i.e., pairs of birds, pigeons and turtledoves, of zavin (see Leviticus 15:13–15); the bird nests of zavot (see Leviticus 15:28–30); the bird nests of women after childbirth (see Leviticus 12:6–8); sin-offerings; and guilt-offerings. And he teaches him midrash, halakhot, and aggadot, but he may not teach him Bible. However, he may teach his sons and daughters Bible.

Source 14 · Chazal
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Chagigah 13a

חגיגה י״ג א — ד"ה וְלֹא בַּמֶּרְכָּבָה בְּיָחִיד

Chagigah 13a:5

The passage presents multiple views on which students may receive instruction in esoteric Torah teachings: Rabbi Ḥiyya permits transmitting outlines of the Design of the Divine Chariot to an individual; Rabbi Zeira restricts such transmission to the president of the court and to those whose hearts are concerned with repentance; Rabbi Ami states that the secrets of Torah may be transmitted only to one possessing five specific qualities, and that Torah words may not be transmitted to gentiles. The passage also records a dispute about how far into the account of the Divine Chariot one may teach openly versus through outlines, with one view stating that from a certain point onward, teaching only outlines is permitted if the student can understand the rest independently.

וְלֹא בַּמֶּרְכָּבָה בְּיָחִיד. תָּנֵי רַבִּי חִיָּיא: אֲבָל מוֹסְרִין לוֹ רָאשֵׁי פְרָקִים. אָמַר רַבִּי זֵירָא: אֵין מוֹסְרִין רָאשֵׁי פְרָקִים אֶלָּא לְאַב בֵּית דִּין, וּלְכׇל מִי שֶׁלִּבּוֹ דּוֹאֵג בְּקִרְבּוֹ. אִיכָּא דְּאָמְרִי, וְהוּא שֶׁלִּבּוֹ דּוֹאֵג בְּקִרְבּוֹ. אָמַר רַבִּי אַמֵּי: אֵין מוֹסְרִין סִתְרֵי תוֹרָה אֶלָּא לְמִי שֶׁיֵּשׁ בּוֹ חֲמִשָּׁה דְבָרִים: ״שַׂר חֲמִשִּׁים, וּנְשׂוּא פָנִים, וְיוֹעֵץ, וַחֲכַם חֲרָשִׁים, וּנְבוֹן לָחַשׁ״. וְאָמַר רַבִּי אַמֵּי: אֵין מוֹסְרִין דִּבְרֵי תוֹרָה לְגוֹי, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״לֹא עָשָׂה כֵן לְכׇל גּוֹי וּמִשְׁפָּטִים בַּל יְדָעוּם״. מֵיתִיבִי: עַד הֵיכָן מַעֲשֵׂה הַמֶּרְכָּבָה? רַבִּי אוֹמֵר: עַד ״וָאֵרֶא״ בָּתְרָא, רַבִּי יִצְחָק אוֹמֵר: עַד ״הַחַשְׁמַל״. עַד ״וָאֵרֶא״ מַגְמְרִינַן, מִכָּאן וְאֵילָךְ מָסְרִינַן רָאשֵׁי פְרָקִים. אִיכָּא דְּאָמְרִי: עַד ״וָאֵרֶא״ מָסְרִינַן רָאשֵׁי פְרָקִים, מִכָּאן וְאֵילָךְ, אִם הוּא חָכָם מֵבִין מִדַּעְתּוֹ — אִין, אִי לָא — לָא.

§ It is taught in the mishna, according to the Gemara’s explanation: Nor may one expound the Design of the Divine Chariot to an individual. Rabbi Ḥiyya taught: But one may transmit to him, an individual, the outlines of this topic, leaving him to comprehend the rest on his own. Rabbi Zeira said: One may transmit the outlines of the Design of the Divine Chariot only to the president of the court, who needs to know them due to his wisdom and meritorious deeds, and to anyone whose heart inside him is concerned, i.e., one who is concerned about his sins and desires to achieve full repentance. There are those who say that this does not refer to two separate individuals, but to the president of the court, whose heart inside him is concerned. Rabbi Ami said: The secrets of the Torah may be transmitted only to one who possesses the following five characteristics: “The captain of fifty, and the man of favor, and the counselor, and the cunning charmer, and the skillful enchanter” (Isaiah 3:3). And Rabbi Ami said further: The words of Torah may not be transmitted to a gentile, as it is stated: “He has not dealt so with any nation, and as for His ordinances, they have not known them” (Psalms 147:20). The Gemara raises an objection to this from a baraita: Until where is the Design of the Divine Chariot related? Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi says: Until the latter “And I saw” (Ezekiel 1:27), not including the last verse. Rabbi Yitzḥak says: Until the word “the electrum” (Ezekiel 1:27). Neither of these opinions accord with Rav Yosef’s opinion that the Design of the Divine Chariot continues until the end of the chapter. The Gemara answers: Until “And I saw,” we teach those worthy of it; from this point forward, we transmit only the outlines. There are those who say: Until “And I saw,” we transmit the outlines; from this point forward, if he is wise and can understand of his own accord, yes, we teach him. If not, we do not teach him even the outlines.

Source 15 · Chazal
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Berakhot 28a

ברכות כ״ח א — ד"ה תָּנָא אוֹתוֹ הַיּוֹם

Berakhot 28a:2

When the guard at the study hall door was removed and students were granted open entry, many additional benches were added to accommodate them, marking a shift from the previous policy that screened students based on their inner character; Rabban Gamliel initially feared he had prevented Israel from engaging in Torah study, but was reassured through a dream that the expanded access was proper.

תָּנָא אוֹתוֹ הַיּוֹם, סִלְּקוּהוּ לְשׁוֹמֵר הַפֶּתַח וְנִתְּנָה לָהֶם רְשׁוּת לַתַּלְמִידִים לִיכָּנֵס. שֶׁהָיָה רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל מַכְרִיז וְאוֹמֵר: כׇּל תַּלְמִיד שֶׁאֵין תּוֹכוֹ כְּבָרוֹ, לֹא יִכָּנֵס לְבֵית הַמִּדְרָשׁ. הַהוּא יוֹמָא אִתּוֹסְפוּ כַּמָּה סַפְסַלֵּי. אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן: פְּלִיגִי בַּהּ אַבָּא יוֹסֵף בֶּן דּוֹסְתַּאי וְרַבָּנַן. חַד אָמַר: אִתּוֹסְפוּ אַרְבַּע מְאָה סַפְסַלֵּי. וְחַד אָמַר: שְׁבַע מְאָה סַפְסַלֵּי. הֲוָה קָא חָלְשָׁה דַּעְתֵּיהּ דְּרַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל, אֲמַר: דִּלְמָא חַס וְשָׁלוֹם מָנַעְתִּי תּוֹרָה מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל. אַחְזוֹ לֵיהּ בְּחֶלְמֵיהּ חַצְבֵי חִיוָּרֵי דְּמַלְיִין קִטְמָא. וְלָא הִיא, הַהִיא לְיַתּוֹבֵי דַּעְתֵּיהּ, הוּא דְּאַחְזוֹ לֵיהּ.

It was taught: On that day that they removed Rabban Gamliel from his position and appointed Rabbi Elazar ben Azarya in his place, there was also a fundamental change in the general approach of the study hall as they dismissed the guard at the door and permission was granted to the students to enter. Instead of Rabban Gamliel’s selective approach that asserted that the students must be screened before accepting them into the study hall, the new approach asserted that anyone who seeks to study should be given opportunity to do so. As Rabban Gamliel would proclaim and say: Any student whose inside, his thoughts and feelings, are not like his outside, i.e., his conduct and his character traits are lacking, will not enter the study hall. The Gemara relates: On that day several benches were added to the study hall to accommodate the numerous students. Rabbi Yoḥanan said: Abba Yosef ben Dostai and the Rabbis disputed this matter. One said: Four hundred benches were added to the study hall. And one said: Seven hundred benches were added to the study hall. When he saw the tremendous growth in the number of students, Rabban Gamliel was disheartened. He said: Perhaps, Heaven forbid, I prevented Israel from engaging in Torah study. They showed him in his dream white jugs filled with ashes alluding to the fact that the additional students were worthless idlers. The Gemara comments: That is not the case, but that dream was shown to him to ease his mind so that he would not feel bad.

Source 16 · Chazal
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Shabbat 119b

שבת קי״ט ב — ד"ה אָמַר רַב הַמְנוּנָא

Shabbat 119b:8

Rav Hamnuna teaches that Jerusalem was destroyed because schoolchildren there were prevented from studying Torah, citing the verse about wrath being poured upon infants in the streets as evidence that the destruction resulted from children not engaging in Torah study.

אָמַר רַב הַמְנוּנָא: לֹא חָרְבָה יְרוּשָׁלַיִם אֶלָּא בִּשְׁבִיל שֶׁבִּיטְּלוּ בָּהּ תִּינוֹקוֹת שֶׁל בֵּית רַבָּן, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״שְׁפוֹךְ עַל עוֹלָל בַּחוּץ וְגוֹ׳״. מַה טַּעַם ״שְׁפוֹךְ״ — מִשּׁוּם דְּ״עוֹלָל בַּחוּץ״. אָמַר עוּלָּא: לֹא חָרְבָה יְרוּשָׁלַיִם אֶלָּא מִפְּנֵי שֶׁלֹּא הָיָה לָהֶם בּוֹשֶׁת פָּנִים זֶה מִזֶּה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״הוֹבִישׁוּ כִּי תוֹעֵבָה עָשׂוּ גַּם בּוֹשׁ לֹא יֵבוֹשׁוּ וְגוֹ׳״. אָמַר רַבִּי יִצְחָק: לֹא חָרְבָה יְרוּשָׁלַיִם אֶלָּא בִּשְׁבִיל שֶׁהוּשְׁווּ קָטָן וְגָדוֹל, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״וְהָיָה כָעָם כַּכֹּהֵן״, וּכְתִיב בָּתְרֵיהּ: ״הִבּוֹק תִּבּוֹק הָאָרֶץ״. אָמַר רַב עַמְרָם בְּרֵיהּ דְּרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בַּר אַבָּא, אָמַר רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בַּר אַבָּא, אָמַר רַבִּי חֲנִינָא: לֹא חָרְבָה יְרוּשָׁלַיִם אֶלָּא בִּשְׁבִיל שֶׁלֹּא הוֹכִיחוּ זֶה אֶת זֶה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״הָיוּ שָׂרֶיהָ כְּאַיָּלִים לֹא מָצְאוּ מִרְעֶה״. מָה אַיִל זֶה, רֹאשׁוֹ שֶׁל זֶה בְּצַד זְנָבוֹ שֶׁל זֶה, אַף יִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁבְּאוֹתוֹ הַדּוֹר כָּבְשׁוּ פְּנֵיהֶם בַּקַּרְקַע וְלֹא הוֹכִיחוּ זֶה אֶת זֶה. אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוּדָה: לֹא חָרְבָה יְרוּשָׁלַיִם אֶלָּא בִּשְׁבִיל שֶׁבִּיזּוּ בָּהּ תַּלְמִידֵי חֲכָמִים, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״וַיִּהְיוּ מַלְעִיבִים בְּמַלְאֲכֵי הָאֱלֹהִים וּבוֹזִים דְּבָרָיו וּמִתַּעְתְּעִים בִּנְבִיאָיו עַד עֲלוֹת חֲמַת ה׳ בְּעַמּוֹ עַד [לְ]אֵין מַרְפֵּא״. מַאי ״עַד לְאֵין מַרְפֵּא״? אָמַר רַב יְהוּדָה אָמַר רַב: כׇּל הַמְבַזֶּה תַּלְמִידֵי חֲכָמִים אֵין לוֹ רְפוּאָה לְמַכָּתוֹ. אָמַר רַב יְהוּדָה אָמַר רַב: מַאי דִּכְתִיב ״אַל תִּגְּעוּ בִּמְשִׁיחָי וּבִנְבִיאַי אַל תָּרֵעוּ״, ״אַל תִּגְעוּ בִּמְשִׁיחָי״ — אֵלּוּ תִּינוֹקוֹת שֶׁל בֵּית רַבָּן, ״וּבִנְבִיאַי אַל תָּרֵעוּ״ — אֵלּוּ תַּלְמִידֵי חֲכָמִים. אָמַר רֵישׁ לָקִישׁ מִשּׁוּם רַבִּי יְהוּדָה נְשִׂיאָה: אֵין הָעוֹלָם מִתְקַיֵּים אֶלָּא בִּשְׁבִיל הֶבֶל תִּינוֹקוֹת שֶׁל בֵּית רַבָּן. אֲמַר לֵיהּ רַב פָּפָּא לְאַבָּיֵי: דִּידִי וְדִידָךְ מַאי? אֲמַר לֵיהּ: אֵינוֹ דּוֹמֶה הֶבֶל שֶׁיֵּשׁ בּוֹ חֵטְא לְהֶבֶל שֶׁאֵין בּוֹ חֵטְא. וְאָמַר רֵישׁ לָקִישׁ מִשּׁוּם רַבִּי יְהוּדָה נְשִׂיאָה: אֵין מְבַטְּלִין תִּינוֹקוֹת שֶׁל בֵּית רַבָּן אֲפִילּוּ לְבִנְיַן בֵּית הַמִּקְדָּשׁ. וְאָמַר רֵישׁ לָקִישׁ לְרַבִּי יְהוּדָה נְשִׂיאָה: כָּךְ מְקּוּבְּלַנִי מֵאֲבוֹתַי, וְאָמְרִי לַהּ מֵאֲבוֹתֶיךָ: כׇּל עִיר שֶׁאֵין בָּהּ תִּינוֹקוֹת שֶׁל בֵּית רַבָּן מַחֲרִיבִין אוֹתָהּ, רָבִינָא אָמַר: מַחְרִימִין אוֹתָהּ.

Rav Hamnuna said: Jerusalem was destroyed only because schoolchildren there were interrupted from studying Torah, as it is stated: “And I am filled with the wrath of God, I cannot contain it, pour it onto the infants in the street and onto the gathering of youths together, for men and women alike will be captured, the elderly along with those of advanced years” (Jeremiah 6:11). Rav Hamnuna explains: What is the reason that the wrath is poured? It is because infants are outside in the streets and are not studying Torah. Ulla said: Jerusalem was destroyed only because people had no shame before each other, as it is stated: “They acted shamefully; they have performed abominations, yet they neither were ashamed nor did they know humiliation. Therefore, they will fall among the fallen, they will fail at the time that I punish them, said God” (Jeremiah 6:15). Rabbi Yitzḥak said: Jerusalem was destroyed only because its small and the great citizens were equated. They did not properly value the prominent leaders of their generation, as it is stated: “And the common people were like the priest, the slave like his master, the maidservant like her mistress, the buyer like the seller, the lender like the borrower, the creditor like the one indebted to him” (Isaiah 24:2). And it is written afterward: “The land shall be utterly desolate and completely plundered, for God has said this” (Isaiah 24:3). Rav Amram, son of Rabbi Shimon bar Abba, said that Rabbi Shimon bar Abba said that Rabbi Ḥanina said: Jerusalem was destroyed only because the people did not rebuke one another, as it is stated: “Her ministers were like stags that found no pasture, and they walked without strength before their pursuer” (Lamentations 1:6). Just as this stag turns its head toward the other’s tail when it grazes, and each one feeds on its own, so too, the Jewish people in that generation lowered their faces to the ground and did not rebuke one another. Rabbi Yehuda said: Jerusalem was destroyed only because they disparaged the Torah scholars in it, as it is stated: “And they mocked the messengers of God and disdained His words and taunted His prophets, until the wrath of God arose against His people, until it could not be healed” (II Chronicles 36:16). What is the meaning of: Until it could not be healed? Rav Yehuda said that Rav said: It means that anyone who disparages Torah scholars cannot be healed from his wound. Rav Yehuda said that Rav said: What is the meaning of that which is written: “Do not touch My anointed ones and do My prophets no harm” (I Chronicles 16:22)? “Do not touch My anointed ones,” these are the schoolchildren, who are as precious and important as kings and priests (Maharsha); “and do not harm My prophets,” these are Torah scholars. Reish Lakish said in the name of Rabbi Yehuda Nesia: The world only exists because of the breath, i.e., reciting Torah, of schoolchildren. Rav Pappa said to Abaye: My Torah study and yours, what is its status? Why is the Torah study of adults worth less? He said to him: The breath of adults, which is tainted by sin, is not similar to the breath of children, which is not tainted by sin. And Reish Lakish said in the name of Rabbi Yehuda Nesia: One may not interrupt schoolchildren from studying Torah, even in order to build the Temple. And Reish Lakish said to Rabbi Yehuda Nesia: I have received from my ancestors, and some say that he said to him: I have received from your ancestors as follows: Any city in which there are no schoolchildren studying Torah, they destroy it. Ravina said: They leave it desolate.

Source 17 · Chazal
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Bava Metzia 84b

בבא מציעא פ״ד ב — ד"ה לִמְחַר עֲבַדָה לֵיהּ דְּבֵיתְהוּ שִׁיתִּין מִינֵי

Bava Metzia 84b:2

A scholar's wife prevented him from attending the study hall out of concern for his health, but when she learned he was deliberately aggravating his condition to excuse his absence from Torah study, she left him; Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi lamented that she thereby prevented him from fulfilling his obligation to render halakhic rulings and caused women in Israel to go without children.

לִמְחַר עֲבַדָה לֵיהּ דְּבֵיתְהוּ שִׁיתִּין מִינֵי לַפְדָּא וְאָכֵיל לְהוּ וּבָרֵי. וְלָא הֲוָת שָׁבְקָא לֵיהּ דְּבֵיתְהוּ לְמִיפַּק לְבֵי מִדְרְשָׁא כִּי הֵיכִי דְּלָא לִדְחֲקוּהוּ רַבָּנַן. בְּאוּרְתָּא אֲמַר לְהוּ: אַחַיי וְרֵעַי, בּוֹאוּ! בְּצַפְרָא אֲמַר לְהוּ: זִילוּ מִפְּנֵי בִּיטּוּל תּוֹרָה. יוֹמָא חַד שְׁמַעָה דְּבֵיתְהוּ, אֲמַרָה לֵיהּ: אַתְּ קָא מַיְיתֵית לְהוּ עִילָּוָיךְ! כִּלִּיתָ מָמוֹן שֶׁל בֵּית אַבָּא. אִימְּרַדָה, אֲזַלָה לְבֵית נָשָׁא. תַּנְיָא, אָמַר רַבִּי: כַּמָּה פְּרִיָּה וּרְבִיָּה בִּיטְּלָה רְשָׁעָה זוֹ מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל.

The following day, i.e., every morning, his wife would prepare for him sixty types of relish [lifda] made from figs, and he would eat them and become healthy. His wife, concerned for his health, would not allow him to go to the study hall, so that the Rabbis would not push him beyond his limits. In the evening, he would say to his pains: My brothers and my friends, come! In the morning he would say to them: Go away, due to the dereliction of Torah study that you cause me. One day his wife heard him inviting his pains. She said to him: You are bringing the pains upon yourself. You have diminished the money of my father’s home due to the costs of treating your self-imposed afflictions. She rebelled against him and went back to her father’s home, and he was left with no one to care for him. It is taught in a baraita that Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi lamented and said concerning the wife of Rabbi Elazar, son of Rabbi Shimon: How much procreation has this evil woman prevented from the Jewish people. She caused women not to have children by preventing her husband from going to the study hall and rendering his halakhic rulings.

Source 18 · Geonim
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Tanna DeBei Eliyahu Zuta 1

תנא דבי אליהו זוטא, פרק א

Tanna DeBei Eliyahu Zuta 1

According to this passage from the Beis Eliyahu, a person should engage in Torah study continuously like an animal plowing a field, and when one learns Tanach, Mishna, Midrash, Halachot, Aggadot, and Gemara for its own sake, the Holy Spirit rests upon him.

משום דבי אליהו אמרו לעולם יהא אדם כשור לעול וכחמור למשא וכבהמה שחורשת בבקעה ובשדה כך יהא אדם עוסק וחורש בד"ת בכל יום תמיד שנאמר (שם לב) אשריכם זורעי על כל מים ואין מים אלא ד"ת שנאמר (שם נה) הוי כל צמא לכו למים. אשריהן ישראל בזמן שהן עוסקין בתורה ובגמילות חסדים אז יצרם מסור בידם ולא הם מסורים ביד יצרם שנאמר אשריכם זורעי על כל מים וגו' ואין זריעה אלא צדקה שנאמר (הושע י׳:י״ב) זרעו לכם לצדקה וקצרו לפי חסד ואין מים אלא תורה שנאמר (ישעיהו נ״ה:א׳) הוי כל צמא לכו למים וכיון שקרא אדם תורה נביאים וכתובים ושנה משנה מדרש הלכות ואגדות ושנה הגמרא ושנה הפלפול לשמה מיד רוח הקודש שורה עליו שנאמר (שמואל ב כ״ג:ב׳) רוח ה' דבר בי ומלתו על לשוני:

Source 19 · Rishonim
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Mishneh Torah, Torah Study 1:1-2

משנה תורה, הלכות תלמוד תורה א׳:א׳-ב׳

Mishneh Torah, Torah Study 1:1-2

Maimonides defines the commandment to study and teach Torah, requiring a person to teach one’s children and grandchildren and extending the duty to students, descendants, and ultimately anyone who needs instruction.

נָשִׁים וַעֲבָדִים וּקְטַנִּים פְּטוּרִים מִתַּלְמוּד תּוֹרָה. אֲבָל קָטָן אָבִיו חַיָּב לְלַמְּדוֹ תּוֹרָה שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים יא יט) "וְלִמַּדְתֶּם אֹתָם אֶת בְּנֵיכֶם לְדַבֵּר בָּם". וְאֵין הָאִשָּׁה חַיֶּבֶת לְלַמֵּד אֶת בְּנָהּ. שֶׁכָּל הַחַיָּב לִלְמֹד חַיָּב לְלַמֵּד: כְּשֵׁם שֶׁחַיָּב אָדָם לְלַמֵּד אֶת בְּנוֹ כָּךְ הוּא חַיָּב לְלַמֵּד אֶת בֶּן בְּנוֹ שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים ד ט) "וְהוֹדַעְתָּם לְבָנֶיךָ וְלִבְנֵי בָנֶיךָ". וְלֹא בְּנוֹ וּבֶן בְּנוֹ בִּלְבַד אֶלָּא מִצְוָה עַל כָּל חָכָם וְחָכָם מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל לְלַמֵּד אֶת כָּל הַתַּלְמִידִים אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵינָן בָּנָיו. שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים ו ז) "וְשִׁנַּנְתָּם לְבָנֶיךָ" מִפִּי הַשְּׁמוּעָה לָמְדוּ בָּנֶיךָ אֵלּוּ תַּלְמִידֶיךָ שֶׁהַתַּלְמִידִים קְרוּיִין בָּנִים שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (מלכים ב ב ג) "וַיֵּצְאוּ בְנֵי הַנְּבִיאִים". אִם כֵּן לָמָּה נִצְטַוָּה עַל בְּנוֹ וְעַל בֶּן בְּנוֹ. לְהַקְדִּים בְּנוֹ לְבֶן בְּנוֹ וּבֶן בְּנוֹ לְבֶן חֲבֵרוֹ:

Women, slaves, and minors are free from the obligation of Torah study. Nevertheless, a father is obligated to teach his son Torah while he is a minor, as [Deuteronomy 11:19] states: "And you shall teach them to your sons to speak about them." A woman is not obligated to teach her son, for only those who are obligated to learn are obligated to teach. Just as a person is obligated to teach his son, so, too, is he obligated to teach his grandson, as [Deuteronomy 4:9] commands: "And you shall teach them to your sons and your grandsons." [Furthermore, this charge is not confined] to one's children and grandchildren alone. Rather, it is a mitzvah for each and every wise man to teach all students, even though they are not his children, as [Deuteronomy 6:7] states: "And you shall teach them to your sons..." The oral tradition explains: "Your sons," these are your students, for students are also called sons, as [II Kings 2:3] states: "And the sons of the prophets went forth." If so, why do the commandments [explicitly mention] one's son and grandson? To grant precedence to one's son over one's grandson, and one's grandson over the son of a colleague.

Source 20 · Rishonim
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Mishneh Torah, Torah Study 2:1-2

משנה תורה, הלכות תלמוד תורה ב׳:א׳-ב׳

Mishneh Torah, Torah Study 2:1-2

Maimonides codifies the communal obligation to establish teachers for children, including the authority to compel communal support and remove ineffective teachers, defining institutional standards for Torah education.

מוֹשִׁיבִין מְלַמְּדֵי תִּינוֹקוֹת בְּכָל מְדִינָה וּמְדִינָה וּבְכָל פֶּלֶךְ וּפֶלֶךְ וּבְכָל עִיר וָעִיר. וְכָל עִיר שֶׁאֵין בָּהּ תִּינוֹקוֹת שֶׁל בֵּית רַבָּן מַחְרִימִין אֶת אַנְשֵׁי הָעִיר עַד שֶׁמּוֹשִׁיבִין מְלַמְּדֵי תִּינוֹקוֹת. וְאִם לֹא הוֹשִׁיבוּ מַחְרִימִין אֶת הָעִיר. שֶׁאֵין הָעוֹלָם מִתְקַיֵּם אֶלָּא בְּהֶבֶל פִּיהֶם שֶׁל תִּינוֹקוֹת שֶׁל בֵּית רַבָּן: מַכְנִיסִין אֶת הַתִּינוֹקוֹת לְהִתְלַמֵּד כְּבֶן שֵׁשׁ כְּבֶן שֶׁבַע לְפִי כֹּחַ הַבֵּן וּבִנְיַן גּוּפוֹ. וּפָחוֹת מִבֶּן שֵׁשׁ אֵין מַכְנִיסִים אוֹתוֹ. וּמַכֶּה אוֹתָן הַמְלַמֵּד לְהַטִּיל עֲלֵיהֶם אֵימָה. וְאֵינוֹ מַכֶּה אוֹתָם מַכַּת אוֹיֵב מַכַּת אַכְזָרִי. לְפִיכָךְ לֹא יַכֶּה אוֹתָם בְּשׁוֹטִים וְלֹא בְּמַקְלוֹת אֶלָּא בִּרְצוּעָה קְטַנָּה. וְיוֹשֵׁב וּמְלַמְּדָן כָּל הַיּוֹם כֻּלּוֹ וּמִקְצָת מִן הַלַּיְלָה כְּדֵי לְחַנְּכָן לִלְמֹד בַּיּוֹם וּבַלַּיְלָה. וְלֹא יִבָּטְלוּ הַתִּינוֹקוֹת כְּלָל חוּץ מֵעַרְבֵי שַׁבָּתוֹת וְיָמִים טוֹבִים בְּסוֹף הַיָּמִים וּבְיָמִים טוֹבִים. אֲבָל בְּשַׁבָּת אֵין קוֹרִין בַּתְּחִלָּה אֲבָל שׁוֹנִין בָּרִאשׁוֹן. וְאֵין מְבַטְּלִין הַתִּינוֹקוֹת וַאֲפִלּוּ לְבִנְיַן בֵּית הַמִּקְדָּשׁ:

Teachers of small children should be appointed in each and every land, in each and every region, and in each and every village. If a village does not have children who study Torah, its populace is placed under a ban of ostracism until they employ teachers for the children. If they do not employ teachers, the village [deserves to be] destroyed, since the world exists only by virtue of the breath coming from the mouths of children who study Torah. Children should be brought to study [under a teacher's instruction] at the age of six or seven, according to the child's health and build. Below the age of six, he should not be brought [to a teacher]. A teacher may employ corporal punishment to cast fear upon [the students]. However, he should not beat them cruelly, like an enemy. Therefore, he should not beat them with a rod or a staff, but rather with a small strap. [The teacher] should sit and instruct them the entire day and for a portion of the night, to train them to study during the day and night. The children should not neglect [their studies] at all, except at the end of the day on the eve of the Sabbaths and festivals and on the festivals themselves. On the Sabbath, they should not begin new material. However, they should review what was learned already. The children should never be interrupted from their studies, even for the building of the Temple.

Source 21 · Rishonim
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Sefer HaMitzvot, Positive Commandments 11

ספר המצוות, מצוות עשה י״א

Sefer HaMitzvot, Positive Commandments 11

Maimonides’ enumeration of the positive commandment to teach Torah articulates the biblical basis and treats instruction as an obligation extending from parents to students and the wider community.

היא שצונו ללמוד תורה וללמדה וזהו הנקרא תלמוד תורה, והוא אמרו ושננתם לבניך וכתוב בספרי לבניך אלו התלמידים שהתלמידים קרויים בנים שנאמר יצאו בני הנביאים, ושם נאמר ושננתם שיהיו מחודדים בתוך פיך כשאדם שואלך דבר לא תהא מגמגם לו אלא אמור לו מיד. וכבר נכפל זה הצווי פעמים רבות ולמדתם ועשיתם למען ילמדון, וכבר נתפזר הצווי והזרוז על מצוה זו במקומות רבים מן התלמוד, והנשים אין חייבות בה מאמרו ולמדתם אותם את בניכם אמרו בניכם ולא בנותיכם כמו שהתבאר בגמרא (קדושין ל"ו). (בפרשת ואתחנן, אהבה הלכות תלמוד תורה פרק א'):

Source 22 · Rishonim
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Sefer HaChinukh 419

ספר החינוך תי״ט — ד"ה מִצְוַת תַּלְמוּד תּוֹרָה – מִצְוַת עֲשֵׂה

Sefer HaChinukh 419:1

The Sefer HaChinukh presents the commandment to teach Torah as applying to one’s children and to all who seek instruction, emphasizing that Torah must be transmitted so that it is not forgotten from Israel.

מִצְוַת תַּלְמוּד תּוֹרָה – מִצְוַת עֲשֵׂה לִלְמֹד חָכְמַת הַתּוֹרָה וּלְלַמְּדָהּ, כְּלוֹמַר כֵּיצַד נַעֲשֶׂה הַמִּצְוֹת, וְנִשָּׁמֵר מִמָּה שֶׁמְּנָעָנוּ הָאֵל מִמֶּנּוּ, וְלָדַעַת גַּם כֵּן מִשְׁפְּטֵי הַתּוֹרָה עַל כִּוּוּן הָאֱמֶת, וְעַל כָּל זֶה נֶאֱמַר (דברים ו ז) וְשִׁנַּנְתָּם לְבָנֶיךָ, וְאָמְרוּ רַבּוֹתֵינוּ זִכְרוֹנָם לִבְרָכָה (ספרי שם) בָּנֶיךָ אֵלּוּ תַּלְמִידֶיךָ, וְכֵן אַתָּה מוֹצֵא שֶׁהַתַּלְמִידִים קְרוּיִים בָּנִים, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (מלכים ב ב ג) וַיֵּצְאוּ בְּנֵי הַנְּבִיאִים, וְשָׁם נֶאֱמַר וְשִׁנַּנְתָּם שֶׁיִּהְיוּ מְסֻדָּרִים בְּתוֹךְ פִּיךָ, כְּשֶׁאָדָם שׁוֹאַלְךָ דָּבָר אַל תְּהֵא מְגַמְגֵּם לוֹ, אֶלָּא תְּהֵא אוֹמֵר לוֹ מִיָּד. וְנִכְפְּלָה מִצְוָה זוֹ בִּמְקוֹמוֹת רַבִּים, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים ה א) וּלְמַדְתֶּם וַעֲשִׂיתֶם וּלְמַעַן יִלְמְדוּ וְלִמַּדְתֶּם אֹתָם אֶת בְּנֵיכֶם (שם יא יט). מִדִּינֵי הַמִּצְוָה. מָה שֶׁאָמְרוּ זִכְרוֹנָם לִבְרָכָה (סוכה מב, א) מֵאֵימָתַי מַתְחִיל הָאָב לְלַמֵּד אֶת בְּנוֹ תּוֹרָה? מִשֶּׁיַּתְחִיל לְדַבֵּר מְלַמְּדוֹ, תּוֹרָה צִוָּה לָנוּ מֹשֶׁה (דברים לג ד), וּפָסוּק רִאשׁוֹן מִקְּרִיאַת שְׁמַע שֶׁהוּא שְׁמַע יִשְׂרָאֵל, וְאַחַר כָּךְ מְלַמְּדוֹ מְעַט מְעַט מִפְּסוּקֵי הַתּוֹרָה, עַד שֶׁיְּהֵא בֶּן שֵׁשׁ אוֹ בֶּן שֶׁבַע שֶׁמּוֹלִיכוֹ אֵצֶל מְלַמְּדֵי תִּינוֹקוֹת. וְרָאוּי לְכָל בֶּן דַּעַת שֶׁיִּתֵּן לִבּוֹ שֶׁלֹּא לְהַכְבִּיד עַל הַיֶּלֶד בַּלִּמּוּד בְּעוֹדֶנּוּ רַךְ הָאֵבָרִים וְרַךְ הַלֵּבָב, עַד שֶׁיִּגְדַּל וְיִתְחַזֵּק כֹּחַ לִבּוֹ וְתֹקֶף אֵיבָרָיו, וְעַצְמוֹתָיו יִמְלְאוּ מֹחַ, וְיוּכַל לִסְבֹּל יְגִיעַת הַלִּמּוּד, וְלֹא יִקְרֶנּוּ חֹלִי הַהִתְעַלְּפוּת בְּסִבַּת הַיְּגִיעָה הָרַבָּה עָלָיו, וְאוּלָם אַחַר הִתְחַזֵּק כֹּחוֹ וְיֵאוֹרוּ עֵינָיו לְהָבִין לְקוֹל מוֹרָיו, אָז רָאוּי וְכָשֵׁר הַדָּבָר, וּמְחֻיָּב לְהָבִיא צַוָּארוֹ בְּעֻלָּהּ שֶׁל תּוֹרָה, וְלֹא יְרַפּוּהוּ מִמֶּנָּה אֲפִלּוּ כְּחוּט הַשַּׂעֲרָה, וְיַשְׁקוּהוּ תָּמִיד מִיֵּין רִקְחָהּ וְיַאֲכִילוּהוּ מִדִּבְשָׁהּ. וְכֵן מֵעִנְיַן הַמִּצְוָה מָה שֶׁאָמְרוּ זִכְרוֹנָם לִבְרָכָה (קדושין ל, א) עַד הֵיכָן חַיָּב אָדָם לְלַמֵּד אֶת בְּנוֹ תּוֹרָה, אָמַר רַב יְהוּדָה אָמַר שְׁמוּאֵל כְּגוֹן זְבוּלוּן בֶּן דָּן, פֵּרוּשׁ אָדָם שֶׁהָיָה בְּדוֹרָם, שֶׁשְּׁמוֹ כֵּן שֶׁלִּמְּדוֹ אֲבִי אָבִיו מִקְרָא, וּמִשְׁנָה, תַּלְמוּד, הֲלָכוֹת, וְאַגָּדוֹת. וְהִקְשׁוּ עַל זֶה בַּגְּמָרָא מַה שֶׁהִקְשׁוּ, וְהָיָה הַתֵּרוּץ שֶׁהַחִיּוּב לְלַמְּדָם מִקְרָא, דְּהַיְנוּ, תּוֹרָה, כְּמוֹ שֶׁעָשָׂה אֲבִי אָבִיו שֶׁל זְבוּלוּן, וְאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁזְּבוּלוּן בֶּן דָּן לִמְּדוֹ אֲבִי אָבִיו יוֹתֵר, וּמִי שֶׁהוֹסִיף עַל חִיּוּב הַמִּצְוָה כַּאֲבִי אָבִיו שֶׁל זְבוּלוּן בֶּן דָּן תָּבוֹא עָלָיו בְּרָכָה, וּמִי שֶׁלֹּא לִמְּדוּ אוֹתוֹ אֲבוֹתָיו שֶׁהֵם חַיָּבִין בָּזֶה כְּגוֹן אָבִיו וַאֲבִי אָבִיו, חַיָּב לְלַמֵּד עַצְמוֹ כְּשֶׁיִּהְיֶה גָּדוֹל וְיַכִּיר בַּדָּבָר, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר וּלְמַדְתֶּם וַעֲשִׂיתֶם אֹתָם, וְאִם הָיוּ הָאָב וְהַבֵּן צְרִיכִין לִלְמֹד, וְאֵין בְּיָדוֹ שֶׁל אָב שֶׁיּוּכְלוּ שְׁנֵיהֶם לִלְמֹד תָּמִיד הוּא קוֹדֵם לִבְנוֹ, וְאִם בְּנוֹ נָבוֹן מִמֶּנּוּ וְתַלְמוּדוֹ מִתְקַיֵּם בְּיָדוֹ יוֹתֵר מִמֶּנּוּ בְּנוֹ קוֹדְמוֹ. וְעַד אֵימָתַי חַיָּב כָּל אָדָם לִלְמֹד תּוֹרָה? (רמב"ם תלמוד תורה א י) עַד יוֹם מוֹתוֹ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים ד ט) וּפֶן יָסוּרוּ מִלְּבָבְךָ כֹּל יְמֵי חַיֶּיךָ. וְעוֹד הִפְלִיגוּ חֲכָמִים בַּדָּבָר עַל דֶּרֶךְ הַמּוּסָר וּלְלַמֵּד בְּנֵי אָדָם חֵפֶץ וְאָמְרוּ (שבת פג ב), שֶׁאֲפִלּוּ בִּשְׁעַת מִיתָה חַיָּב אָדָם לִלְמֹד תּוֹרָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (במדבר יט יד) זֹאת הַתּוֹרָה אָדָם כִּי יָמוּת בְּאֹהֶל. וְכָל אֶחָד מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל חַיָּב בְּתַלְמוּד תּוֹרָה (יומא לה, ב) בֵּין עָנִי, בֵּין עָשִׁיר, בֵּין בָּרִיא, בֵּין בַּעַל יִסּוּרִין. וּכְבָר אָמְרוּ זִכְרוֹנָם לִבְרָכָה (עירובין נד א), שֶׁבְּעֵסֶק הַתּוֹרָה יִתְרַפְּאוּ כָּל הָאֵבָרִים. וַאֲפִלּוּ עָנִי הַמְּחַזֵּר עַל הַפְּתָחִים, וַאֲפִלּוּ בַּעַל אִשָּׁה וּבָנִים הַכֹּל חַיָּבִים לִקְבֹּעַ עִתִּים לַתּוֹרָה בַּיּוֹם וּבַלַּיְלָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (יהושע א ח) וְהָגִיתָ בּוֹ יוֹמָם וָלַיְלָה.

The commandment of Torah study: The positive commandment to study the wisdom of the Torah and to teach it; meaning to say how we should perform the commandments, guard ourselves from that which God prevented us and to also know the laws of the Torah according to their true intention. And about all of this is it stated (Deuteronomy 6:7), “You shall teach them to your sons.” And our Rabbis, may their memory be blessed, said (Sifrei Devarim 34:4), “‘Your sons’ — these are your students. And thus do you find that students are called sons, as it is stated (II Kings 2:3), ‘And the sons of the prophets went out.’” And it is [also] said there (Sifrei Devarim 34:1), “‘And you shall teach them (shinantam, which sounds like the word for tooth, hence, make them sharp like a tooth)’ — they shall be ordered in your mouth, so that if a person questions you [concerning them], you will not stammer to him, but answer him forthwith.” And this commandment is repeated in many places, as it is stated (Deuteronomy 5:1), “and study them and do them,” “and in order that you will study them” (Deuteronomy 31:12), “and you shall teach them to your children” (Deuteronomy 11:19). From the laws of the commandment: That which they, may their memory be blessed, said (Sukkah 42a) [that] from when does a father begin to teach his son Torah? From when he begins to speak, he should teach him, “Moshe commanded us the Torah” (Deuteronomy 33:4), and the first verse from the recitation of Shema, which is “Hear Israel” (Deuteronomy 6:4). And afterwards he teaches him a little [at a time] of the verses of the Torah, until he is six or seven, when he takes him to a teacher of young children. And it is fitting for every intelligent person to put his heart to not overburden the child with study when he is still weak-limbed and weak-hearted, until he he grows and his strength firms, his limbs become vigorous, his bones fill with marrow and he can endure the exertion of study, and that the illness of fainting [spells] not happen to him on account of much exertion upon it. However after his strength firms and his eyes enlighten to understand the voice of his teachers, then is the thing proper and fit; and he is [then] obligated to put his neck to the yoke of Torah [study], and not to loosen it from him, even a hair’s breadth. And he should [then] always give him to drink from its spiced wine, and feed him from its honey. And also from the content of the commandment is that which they, may their memory be blessed, said (Kiddushin 30a), “To what extent is a man obligated to teach his son Torah? Rav Yehudah says that Shmuel said, ‘[Like], for example, Zevulun ben Dan.’” The understanding of [this is that there was] a man in their generation whose name was Zevulun ben Dan, whose father’s father taught him Scripture, Mishnah, Talmud, laws, and homilies (aggadot). And they challenged what they challenged about this in the Gemara, and the resolution was that the obligation is to teach him Scripture — which is Torah — like the father’s father of Zevulun did, and even though the father’s father of Zevulun ben Dan taught him more. And one who adds upon the obligation of the commandment, like the father’s father of Zevulun ben Dan, brings a blessing upon himself. And one who was not taught by his fathers who are obligated in this — such as his father and his father’s father — is obligated to teach himself when he is an adult and recognizes the matter, as it is stated (Deuteronomy 5:1), “and study them and do them.” And if [both] the father and the son needed to study, and the father does not have [enough] in his hand that they can both study, he always [comes] before his son. But if his son is more understanding than he and his [son’s] studies are more [effective], his son precedes him. And until when is every man obligated to study Torah? Until the day of his death, as it is stated (Deuteronomy 4:9), “and lest they be diverted from your heart, all of the days of your life” (Mishneh Torah, Laws of Torah Study 1:10). And the Sages emphasized the matter more by way of ethics and to teach people desire [for it] and said (Shabbat 83b) that even at the time of death, a man is obligated to study Torah, as it is stated (Numbers 19:14), “This is the law of the Torah, when a man dies in a tent.” And everyone in Israel is obligated in the study of Torah (Yoma 35b) — whether poor or rich, whether healthy or one with afflictions. And they, may their memory be blessed, already said (Eruvin 54a) that all of the limbs are healed by involvement in Torah. And even a poor person that goes around to [other people’s] doors, and even a married man with children — everyone — is obligated to set time for Torah [study] during the day and during the night, as it is stated (Joshua 1:8), “and you shall meditate in it day and night.”

Source 23 · Rishonim
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Mishneh Torah, Torah Study 2:3-7

משנה תורה, הלכות תלמוד תורה ב׳:ג׳-ז׳

Mishneh Torah, Torah Study 2:3-7

These laws regulate classroom organization, student numbers, teacher supervision, and the duty not to interrupt children’s learning, showing that the mitzvah includes concrete pedagogical and administrative parameters.

מְלַמֵּד הַתִּינוֹקוֹת שֶׁהוּא מֵנִיחַ הַתִּינוֹקוֹת וְיוֹצֵא אוֹ שֶׁהוּא עוֹשֶׂה מְלָאכָה אַחֶרֶת עִמָּהֶן אוֹ שֶׁהוּא מִתְרַשֵּׁל בְּלִמּוּדָן הֲרֵי זֶה בִּכְלַל (ירמיה מח י) "אָרוּר עוֹשֶׂה מְלֶאכֶת ה' רְמִיָּה". לְפִיכָךְ אֵין רָאוּי לְהוֹשִׁיב מְלַמֵּד אֶלָּא בַּעַל יִרְאָה מָהִיר לִקְרוֹת וּלְדַקְדֵּק: עֶשְׂרִים וַחֲמִשָּׁה תִּינוֹקוֹת לְמֵדִים אֵצֶל מְלַמֵּד אֶחָד. הָיוּ יוֹתֵר עַל עֶשְׂרִים וַחֲמִשָּׁה עַד אַרְבָּעִים מוֹשִׁיבִין עִמּוֹ אַחֵר לְסַיְּעוֹ בְּלִמּוּדָם. הָיוּ יוֹתֵר עַל אַרְבָּעִים מַעֲמִידִין לָהֶם שְׁנֵי מְלַמְּדֵי תִּינוֹקוֹת:

A teacher of children who leaves the children and goes out, or [remains] with them but performs other work, or is lazy in their instruction, is included in [the admonition (Jeremiah 48:10)]: "Cursed be he who performs God's work deceitfully.” Therefore, it is only proper to select a teacher who is God-fearing, teaches them at a fast pace, and instructs them carefully. [A maximum of] 25 students should study under one teacher. If there are more than 25, but fewer than 40, an assistant should be appointed to help him in their instruction. If there are more than forty students, two teachers should be appointed.

Source 24 · Rishonim
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Mishneh Torah, Torah Study 1:11

משנה תורה, תלמוד תורה א ז והלאה

Mishneh Torah, Torah Study 1:11

One is obligated to divide study time into three parts: one third for written Torah, one third for oral Torah, and one third for understanding—deriving conclusions from premises, inferring one matter from another, comparing cases, and mastering the hermeneutical principles by which Torah is expounded, so as to know which principles are foundational and how to derive rulings on permitted and prohibited matters and similar cases from what was learned through received tradition, this last category being what is called Gemara.

וְחַיָּב לְשַׁלֵּשׁ אֶת זְמַן לְמִידָתוֹ. שְׁלִישׁ בַּתּוֹרָה שֶׁבִּכְתָב. וּשְׁלִישׁ בַּתּוֹרָה שֶׁבְּעַל פֶּה. וּשְׁלִישׁ יָבִין וְיַשְׂכִּיל אַחֲרִית דָּבָר מֵרֵאשִׁיתוֹ וְיוֹצִיא דָּבָר מִדָּבָר וִידַמֶּה דָּבָר לְדָבָר וְיָבִין בַּמִּדּוֹת שֶׁהַתּוֹרָה נִדְרֶשֶׁת בָּהֶן עַד שֶׁיֵּדַע הֵיאַךְ הוּא עִקַּר הַמִּדּוֹת וְהֵיאַךְ יוֹצִיא הָאָסוּר וְהַמֻּתָּר וְכַיּוֹצֵא בָּהֶן מִדְּבָרִים שֶׁלָּמַד מִפִּי הַשְּׁמוּעָה. וְעִנְיָן זֶה הוּא הַנִּקְרָא גְּמָרָא:

Source 25 · Rishonim
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Mishneh Torah, Admission into the Sanctuary 1:4

משנה תורה, ביאת מקדש א א והלאה

Mishneh Torah, Admission into the Sanctuary 1:4

One may hire someone to teach Torah, including halakhot and midrashim, provided that person does not himself teach others; but if someone is an established sage designated for teaching, he may not teach in this hired capacity since his learning is itself considered teaching.

וּמֻתָּר לְשִׁכּוֹר לְלַמֵּד תּוֹרָה וַאֲפִלּוּ הֲלָכוֹת וּמִדְרָשׁוֹת וְהוּא שֶׁלֹּא יוֹרֶה. וְאִם הָיָה חָכָם קָבוּעַ לְהוֹרָאָה לֹא יְלַמֵּד שֶׁלִּמּוּדוֹ הוֹרָאָה הִיא:

Source 26 · Rishonim
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Mishneh Torah, Torah Study 3:4

משנה תורה, תלמוד תורה פרק ג ד

Mishneh Torah, Torah Study 3:4

If performing a mitzvah is before someone alongside Torah study, and the mitzvah can be performed by others, one should not interrupt one's study; but if it cannot be performed by others, one should perform the mitzvah and then return to study.

הָיָה לְפָנָיו עֲשִׂיַּת מִצְוָה וְתַלְמוּד תּוֹרָה. אִם אֶפְשָׁר לַמִּצְוָה לְהֵעָשׂוֹת עַל יְדֵי אֲחֵרִים לֹא יַפְסִיק תַּלְמוּדוֹ. וְאִם לָאו יַעֲשֶׂה הַמִּצְוָה וְיַחֲזֹר לְתַלְמוּדוֹ:

Source 27 · Rishonim
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Mishneh Torah, Torah Study 1:1-12

משנה תורה, הלכות תלמוד תורה א׳

Mishneh Torah, Torah Study 1:7

Teaching the written Torah for payment is permitted where customary, but teaching the Oral Law for payment is forbidden—though one may pay for instruction if no free teacher is available—and one may never charge others to teach Torah even if one's own teacher charged.

מָקוֹם שֶׁנָּהֲגוּ לְלַמֵּד תּוֹרָה שֶׁבִּכְתָב בְּשָׂכָר מֻתָּר לְלַמֵּד בְּשָׂכָר. אֲבָל תּוֹרָה שֶׁבְּעַל פֶּה אָסוּר לְלַמְּדָהּ בְּשָׂכָר שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים ד ה) "רְאֵה לִמַּדְתִּי אֶתְכֶם חֻקִּים וּמִשְׁפָּטִים כַּאֲשֶׁר צִוַּנִי ה'" וְגוֹ' מָה אֲנִי בְּחִנָּם לָמַדְתִּי אַף אַתֶּם לְמַדְתֶּם בְּחִנָּם מִמֶּנִּי וְכֵן כְּשֶׁתְּלַמְּדוּ לְדוֹרוֹת לַמְּדוּ בְּחִנָּם כְּמוֹ שֶׁלְּמַדְתֶּם מִמֶּנִּי. לֹא מָצָא מִי שֶׁיְּלַמְּדוֹ בְּחִנָּם יְלַמְּדוֹ בְּשָׂכָר שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר אֱמֶת קְנֵה. הָא לָמַדְתָּ שֶׁאָסוּר לוֹ לְלַמֵּד בְּשָׂכָר אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁלִּמְּדוֹ רַבּוֹ בְּשָׂכָר:

Source 28 · Acharonim
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Shulchan Arukh, Yoreh De'ah 245:1-20

שולחן ערוך, יורה דעה רמ״ה:א׳-כ׳

Shulchan Arukh, Yoreh De'ah 245:1-20

The governing code lays out the laws of Torah teaching: priority of teaching children, establishment of schools, teacher qualifications, class size, disciplinary limits, and the prohibition against neglecting students’ learning.

חייב כל אדם ללמד לבנו ולהעמיד תלמידים. ובו כ"ב סעיפים: מצות עשה על האיש ללמד את בנו תורה ואם לא למדו אביו חייב ללמד לעצמו (וע"ל סי' רמ"ג סעיף ו'): היה הוא צריך ללמוד ויש לו בן ללמוד ואין ידו משגת להספיק לשניהם אם שניהם שוים הוא קודם לבנו ואם בנו נבון ומשכיל מה שילמד יותר ממנו בנו קודמו ואף על פי כן לא יבטל הוא: כשם שמצוה ללמד את בנו כך מצוה ללמד את בן בנו שנאמר והודעתם לבניך ולבני בניך ולא לבן בנו בלבד אלא מצוה על כל חכם מישראל ללמד לתלמידים שגם הם נקראים בנים אלא שמצוה להקדים בנו לבן בנו ובן בנו לבן חבירו:

The Laws of Teaching Children Torah. It is a positive commandment for a man to teach his son Torah. And if his father did not teach him, he is obligated to teach himself. And see Siman 246:6. If he himself needs to learn, and he has a son to teach, and he does not have the means to provide for both of them, if they are equal [in intellect], he precedes his son. But if his son is perceptive and comprehends what he learns more than he [the father] does, his son precedes him. Nevertheless, he should not neglect [his own studies] Just as it is a mitzvah to teach one's son, so too it is a mitzvah to teach one's grandson, as it is stated: "And you shall make them known to your children and your children's children" (Devarim 4:9). And not only one's grandson, but it is a mitzvah upon every wise man in Israel to teach students, for they too are called "children." However, it is a mitzvah to give precedence to one's son over one's grandson, and one's grandson over the son of one's fellow.

Source 29 · Acharonim
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Shulchan Arukh, Yoreh De'ah 246:1-26

שולחן ערוך, יורה דעה רמ״ו:א׳-כ״ו

Shulchan Arukh, Yoreh De'ah 246:1-26

The adjacent chapter codifies the broader obligation to study Torah and teach others, including the duty to pursue learning, the status of a teacher, and limits concerning interruption and compensation.

שחייב כל אדם בתלמוד תורה והיאך לומדים בשכר. ובו כ"ו סעיפים: כל איש ישראל חייב בתלמוד תורה בין עני בין עשיר בין שלם בגופו בין בעל יסורים בין בחור בין זקן גדול אפי' עני המחזר על הפתחים אפילו בעל אשה ובנים חייב לקבוע לו זמן לתלמוד תורה ביום ובלילה שנאמר והגית בו יומם ולילה. (ובשעת הדחק אפילו לא קרא רק ק"ש שחרית וערבית לא ימושו מפיך קרינן ביה) (הגהות מיימוני פ"א וסמ"ג עשין י"ב) ומי שא"א לו ללמוד מפני שאינו יודע כלל ללמוד או מפני הטרדות שיש לו יספיק לאחרים הלומדים: הגה ותחשב לו כאילו לומד בעצמו (טור) ויכול אדם להתנות עם חבירו שהוא יעסוק בתורה והוא ימציא לו פרנסה ויחלוק עמו בשכר אבל אם כבר עסק בתורה אינו יכול למכור לו חלקו בשביל ממון שיתן לו (תא"ו נתיב ב' מש"ס דסוטה): ילמוד אדם תורה ואח"כ ישא אשה שאם ישא אשה תחילה א"א לו לעסוק בתורה מאחר שרחיים בצוארו ואם א"א לו בלא אשה מפני שיצרו מתגבר עליו ישא אשה תחילה: עד אימתי חייב ללמוד עד יום מותו שנאמר ופן יסורו מלבבך כל ימי חייך וכל זמן שלא יעסוק בתורה הוא שוכח: חייב אדם לשלש למודו שליש בתורה שבכתב דהיינו הארבעה ועשרים שליש במשנה דהיינו תורה שבעל פה ופי' תורה שבכתב בכלל זה שליש בתלמוד דהיינו שיבין וישכיל אחרית דבר מראשיתו ויוציא דבר מתוך דבר וידמה דבר לדבר וידון במדות שהתורה נדרשת בהם עד שידע היאך עיקר המצות והיאך יוצא האסור והמותר וכיוצא בזה דברים שלמד מפי השמועה כיצד היה בעל אומנות ועוסק במלאכתו ג' שעות ביום וט' בתורה קורא ג' מהם בתורה שבכתב ובג' תורה שבעל פה ובג' יבין דבר מתוך דבר במה דברים אמורים בתחילת לימודו של אדם אבל כשיגדיל בתורה ולא יהא צריך ללמוד תורה שבכתב ולא לעסוק תמיד בתורה שבעל פה יקרא בעתים מזומנים תורה שבכתב ודברי תורה שבעל פה כדי שלא ישכח דבר מדיני התורה ויפנה כל ימיו לתלמוד בלבד לפי רוחב לבו וישוב דעתו: הגה וי"א שבתלמוד בבלי שהוא בלול במקרא במשנה וגמרא אדם יוצא ידי חובתו בשביל הכל (טור בשם ר"ת וע"פ ע"ל סי' רמ"ה ס"ו) ואין לאדם ללמוד כי אם מקרא משנה וגמרא והפוסקים הנמשכים אחריהם ובזה יקנה העולם הזה והעוה"ב אבל לא בלמוד שאר החכמות (ריב"ש סי' מ"ה ותלמידי רשב"א) ומ"מ מותר ללמוד באקראי בשאר חכמות ובלבד שלא יהיו ספרי מינים וזהו נקרא בין החכמים טיול בפרדס ואין לאדם לטייל בפרדס רק לאחר שמלא כריסו בשר ויין והוא לידע איסור והיתר ודיני המצות (רמב"ם סוף מדע ס"פ ד' מהל' יסודי התורה): מקום שנהגו ללמד תורה שבכתב בשכר מותר ללמד בשכר אבל תורה שבע"פ אסור ללמד בשכר לא מצא מי שילמדנו בחנם ילמוד בשכר ואע"פ שהוצרך ללמוד בשכר לא יאמר כשם שלמדתי בשכר כך אלמד בשכר אלא ילמד לאחרים בחנם ומה שנהגו האידנא ללמד הכל בשכר אם אין לו במה להתפרנס שרי ואפי' יש לו אם הוא שכר בטלה דמוכח שמניח כל עסקיו ומשאו ומתנו שרי (וכל חידושי סופרים דהיינו מה שנתקן מדרבנן מותר ליטול שכר ללמדו) (הגהות מיימוני פ"א):

That Every Person is Obligated in Torah Study, and How One May Study for Payment. Containing 26 Sections: Every Jewish man is obligated in studying Torah, whether poor or rich, whether completely healthy or suffering, whether young or very old. Even a poor man who frequents doorways (to beg) and even one with a wife and children is obligated to set a time for himself to study Torah, by day or by night, as it says, "And you shall meditate in it day and night." (And in a pressing time, even if he only read Shem"a in the morning or evening, it is called "It shall not depart from your mouth" (HG"M 1 & SM"G Asin 12). And one that it is impossible for him to learn because he does not know how to at all or because of troubles that he has, should support others who study. Rema: And it will be considered for him as if he learned himself (Tur) And a person is able to make a condition with his friend, that he will study Torah and he will support him, and he will split the reward with him. But if he already toiled in Torah, he is unable to sell him his portion for the money he will give to him. (Toldot Adam VeChava, Netiv 2, from the Gemara in Sotah) A person should learn Torah first and then marry a woman, because if he married a woman first, it would be impossible for him to study Torah after with a millstone hanging around his neck. But if it is impossible for him to live without a wife because his inclination overpowers him, he should marry a woman first. Until when is one obligated to study? Until the day of one's death, as it is stated: "Lest they be removed from your heart, all the days of your life" (Deuteronomy 4:9). And any time that one does not engage in Torah study, one forgets. One is obligated to divide his learning schedule into thirds: one third in Written Torah; that is, the twenty-four [books of the Tanach]; one third in Mishna, that is, the Torah She'b'al Peh, and the explanations of the Written Torah are included herein; [and] one third to Talmud, that is understanding and conceptualizing the end of a matter from its beginnings, to derive one matter from another, to compare cases, and to reason through the principles by which the Torah is expounded, until he knows how the core of the mitzvot is determined and how rulings regarding what is forbidden and permitted emerge, and similar matters received through tradition. For example, if a person is a craftsman and works three hours a day and devotes nine hours to Torah, he should spend three hours on Scripture, three on Mishnah, and three on Talmudic analysis. When does this apply? At the outset of ones learning; however, when one grows in Torah and no longer needs to learn the Written Torah nor needs to constantly review the Torah She'b'al Peh, he may read as fixed times the Written Torah and the words of Torah She'b'al Peh, so that he doesn't forget one thing from the laws of the Torah, and avail the rest of his days to Talmud alone, to the extent of his abilities and ability to focus. Rema: There are those who say that through studying the Babylonian Talmud—which contains within it Scripture, Mishnah, and Gemara—one fulfills all aspects of this obligation (Tur in the name of Rabbeinu Tam, and as explained above in Siman 245:6). A person should not study anything except Scripture, Mishnah, Talmud, and the halachic authorities who follow them, and through this he will acquire both this world and the World to Come. However, one should not engage in the study of other wisdoms (secular knowledge) as a primary focus (Responsa of the Rivash §45 and the students of the Rashba). Nevertheless, it is permitted to study other branches of knowledge on occasion, so long as the works are not heretical. This is what the sages referred to as "a stroll through the orchard" (tiyul b’pardes), and one should not stroll in the orchard until he has filled his belly with meat and wine—that is, until he has thoroughly learned the laws of what is permitted and forbidden, and the laws of the mitzvot (Rambam, end of Sefer HaMada, chapter 4 of Hilchot Yesodei HaTorah). In a place where it is customary to teach the Written Torah for payment, it is permitted to teach for payment. However, the Oral Torah is forbidden to be taught for payment. If one could not find someone to teach him for free, he should learn for payment. Even though he was required to learn for payment, he should not say, "Just as I learned for payment, so too will I teach for payment," rather, he should teach others for free. And the current custom to teach everything for payment is permitted if one does not have anything to support himself, and even if he does, if it is clear that the payment is for lost time, that one ceases all of his business and dealings, it is permitted. (And all innovations of the scribes, meaning what was instituted from the Rabbis, it is permitted to take payment to teach it.) (Hagahot Maimoni, Chapter 1)

Source 30 · Acharonim
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Arukh HaShulchan, Yoreh De'ah 245:1-18

ערוך השולחן, יורה דעה רמ״ה:א׳-י״ח

Arukh HaShulchan, Yoreh De'ah 245:1-18

Arukh HaShulchan analyzes the practical structure of Torah education, including communal responsibility, teacher appointment, classroom capacity, and the standards needed to preserve effective instruction.

ולכן מצות עשה על כל איש ללמד את בנו תורה. ואם אין לו אב, או שאביו לא למדו – חייב ללמוד בעצמו כשיגדל. ובכל ערי ישראל יש תלמודי תורה, שנותנים שמה יתומים ובני עניים ללמדם תורה, ושכר המלמדים נותנים מקופת הקהל. וכשם שמצוה ללמד את בנו כך מצוה ללמד את בן בנו, כדכתיב: "והודעתם לבניך ולבני בניך". והוא הדין לבן בתו, דמאי שנא? ולא להם בלבד, אלא מצוה על כל חכם מישראל ללמד לתלמידים, כדדרשינן בספרי: "ושננתם לבניך" – אלו התלמידים שנקראו "בנים", כדכתיב: "בני הנביאים", שהיו תלמידי הנביאים. ד"בן" הוא לשון "בניין". והרב בונה בניין לתלמידיו בעולם הזה ובעולם הבא. וזהו שאמרו חכמינו ז"ל: "אל תקרי בניך אלא בונייך", כלומר: ד"בנייך" פירושו "בונייך", כמו שכתבתי. ואף שמצוה לכולם, מכל מקום בנו קודם לבן בנו, ובן בנו לבן בתו, ובן בתו לשאר כל אדם. והקרוב קרוב קודם. חייב להשכיר מלמד לבנו אלא אם כן לומד עמו בעצמו, כמו אצל המלמד. אבל לבן חבירו אינו חייב להשכיר לבדו, אלא בכלל כל בני העיר לעשות תלמוד תורה, וכמו שכתבי. וכופין אותו לשכור מלמד לבנו. ואם אינו בעיר ויש לו נכסים, אם אפשר להודיעו – מודיעין לו. ואם לאו – יורדים לנכסיו, ושוכרין מלמד לבנו. וגם לבן בנו, ולבן בן בנו, ולבן בתו – כופין לשכור ללמדם כשידו משגת ואין יד אבותם משגת, או שאין להם אבות. וכן מכריחין כל אנשי העיר לעשות תלמוד תורה, להושיב מלמדים ללמד תינוקות בני עניים ויתומים. וכופין על זה, שכל אחד יתן על זה נדבה או מקופת הקהל. וכל עיר שאין בה מלמדי תינוקות – סופה ליחרב, ופורשין הימנה. ואין העולם מתקיים אלא בהבל פיהם של תינוקות של בית רבן (שבת קיט ב). וכן נהגו בכל תפוצות ישראל שיהא להם בתי תלמוד תורה, והולכין לשם בני עניים ויתומים, ומשגיחים עליהם להאכילם ולהלבישם עד שיגדלו בשנים. ואז המסוגל לתורה – מחזקין אותו ללימוד. ואותם שאינם מסוגלים – נותנים אותם לבעלי מלאכות ללמדם אומנות. ועוד יתבאר בזה בסימן רמ"ט.

Source 31 · Acharonim
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Sefer Charedim, Positive Commandments 4:8

ספר חרדים, פרק ד מצוות עשה מן התורה התלויות בפה ובקנה

Sefer Charedim, Positive Commandments 4:8

There is a mitzvah to teach Torah to others, as derived from the verse "and you shall teach them diligently to your children" (understood to refer to students); the merit of Torah study stands against all the mitzvot, and the sin of neglecting Torah study stands against all transgressions.

(טו) ומצוה נמי ללמד לאחרים תורה שנאמר ושננתם לבניך אלו תלמידין: סמ״ק מנאן שתים: וזכות תלמוד תורה כנגד כל המצות ועון ביטול תורה כנגד כל העבירות כן כתב רבינו יונה והכי איתא בספרי:

Source 32 · Acharonim
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Shenei Luchot HaBerit, Aseret HaDibrot, Shevuot, Ner Mitzva:110

של"ה, דיני שבועות

Shenei Luchot HaBerit, Aseret HaDibrot, Shevuot, Ner Mitzva:110

The purpose of Torah study is to learn and teach in order to observe and fulfill it; whoever becomes a teacher of halakha must fear the responsibility of teaching and not cause the many to stumble, and before teaching, the halakha must be clear as the sun in one's heart, checking authoritative sources whenever there is any doubt.

תכלית הלימוד, ללמוד וללמד לשמור ולעשות כו'. אתם בני יצ"ו אם בא לידכם איזה הוראה ותזכו להיות מורי הוראה, תהיו יראי הוראה שלא תכשילו חס ושלום לרבים. וקודם שתורו הוראה, יהיה הדין ברור כשמש בלבבכם. ובכל נדנוד ספק ספיקא, תראו קודם בספר איך הדין ברור.

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הכתב והקבלה

הכתב והקבלה, דברים ד׳:א׳

HaKtav VeHaKabalah, Deuteronomy 4:1

Q — Moshe usually uses verbs like 'מצוה,' 'דובר,' or 'נותן' when transmitting the laws. Why does the opening of Va'etchanan switch to 'אנכי *מלמד* אתכם'?

A — HaKtav VeHaKabbalah identifies the verb-choice as theologically loaded. 'מצוה/דובר/נותן' refer to the *written text* as such — the laws as letters on parchment. 'מלמד' implies *interpretive teaching* — conveying the inner intent, the proper construal. That is the work of Torah she-be'al peh, which Moshe transmits orally to ensure the written text is read correctly: 'כי הדבר הנכתב יסבול פירושים שונים ואפשר שיובן בו הבנות מתחלפות עד שאפשר שתהיה בו הבנה הפך דעת נותן התורה.' Without the oral tradition's חק וגדר, the written Torah could be misread to mean its opposite. The word 'מלמד' at the head of the parsha signals that what Moshe is delivering is not just text but also the authoritative oral key to reading it.

הוסיף כאן לומר 'אנכי מלמד אתכם' להורות כי לימד משה לישראל את המכוון האמתי שבכל חק ומשפט, וביאר להם הפירוש הברור והנכון בהם, והיא התורה שבעל פה המקובלת בידינו מרבותינו התנאים והאמוראים חכמי הקבלה מדור דור עד משה רבנו... כי הדבר הנכתב יסבול פירושים שונים ואפשר שיובן בו הבנות מתחלפות עד שאפשר שתהיה בו הבנה הפך דעת נותן התורה יתעלה, לכן כדי להשמר מרשת הטעות... באה מסורת התורה שבעל פה לעשות בה סייג וגדר לתורה שבכתב.

Source 34 · Hasidic
Verified

Tanya 37

תניא, חלק ראשון; ליקוטי אמרים ל״ז — ד"ה וְאַף־עַל־פִּי־כֵן

Tanya, Part I; Likkutei Amarim 37:26

The chapter explains how Torah and mitzvot bring divine presence into the world and gives special significance to collective Torah study, providing a Hasidic framework for why transmitting Torah to others has cosmic importance.

וְאַף־עַל־פִּי־כֵן, אָמְרוּ רַבּוֹתֵינוּ־זִכְרוֹנָם־לִבְרָכָה: ״לֹא הַמִּדְרָשׁ עִיקָּר אֶלָּא הַמַּעֲשֶׂה״, וְ״הַיּוֹם לַעֲשׂוֹתָם״ כְּתִיב, וּמְבַטְּלִין תַּלְמוּד תּוֹרָה לְקִיּוּם מִצְוָה מַעֲשִׂיית כְּשֶׁאִי אֶפְשָׁר לַעֲשׂוֹתָהּ עַל יְדֵי אֲחֵרִים, מִשּׁוּם, ״כִּי זֶה כָּל הָאָדָם״ וְתַכְלִית בְּרִיאָתוֹ וִירִידָתוֹ לָעוֹלָם הַזֶּה, לִהְיוֹת לוֹ יִתְבָּרֵךְ דִּירָה בַּתַּחְתּוֹנִים דַּוְקָא, לְאַהֲפָכָא חֲשׁוֹכָא לִנְהוֹרָא, ״וְיִמָּלֵא כְבוֹד ה׳ אֶת כָּל הָאָרֶץ״ הַגַּשְׁמִית דַּיְיקָא, ״וְרָאוּ כָל בָּשָׂר יַחְדָּיו״, כַּנִּזְכָּר לְעֵיל. מַה שֶּׁאֵין כֵּן כְּשֶׁאֶפְשָׁר לַעֲשׂוֹתָהּ עַל יְדֵי אֲחֵרִים – אֵין מְבַטְּלִין תַּלְמוּד תּוֹרָה, אַף שֶׁכָּל הַתּוֹרָה אֵינָהּ אֶלָּא פֵּירוּשׁ הַמִּצְוֹת מַעֲשִׂיּוֹת, וְהַיְינוּ, מִשּׁוּם שֶׁהִיא בְּחִינַת חָכְמָה־בִּינָה־דַּעַת שֶׁל אֵין־סוֹף בָּרוּךְ־הוּא, וּבְעָסְקוֹ בָּהּ – מַמְשִׁיךְ עָלָיו אוֹר־אֵין־סוֹף בָּרוּךְ־הוּא בְּיֶתֶר שְׂאֵת וְהֶאָרָה גְדוֹלָה לְאֵין קֵץ מֵהֶאָרָה וְהַמְשָׁכָה עַל יְדֵי פִּקּוּדִין, שֶׁהֵן אֵבָרִין דְּמַלְכָּא. וְזֶהוּ שֶׁאָמַר רַב שֵׁשֶׁת: ״חֲדָאִי נַפְשָׁאִי, לָךְ קָרָאִי לָךְ תָּנָאִי״, כְּמוֹ שֶׁנִּתְבָּאֵר בְּמָקוֹם אַחֵר בַּאֲרִיכוּת:

Nevertheless, the Rabbis declared, “Not study, but doing, is the essential thing.” It is also written, “This day to do them.” And [it has been ruled that] one should interrupt the study of the Torah in order to fulfill an active precept that cannot be performed by others. For, “This is the whole man,” and the purpose of his creation and his descent to this world, in order that He have an abode here below especially to turn darkness into light, so that the glory of the L–rd shall fill all of this material world, with the emphasis on material, “and together all flesh will see,” as has been discussed above. On the other hand, when the precept is one that can be performed by others, one does not interrupt the study of the Torah, though the whole Torah is, after all, only an explanation of the active ordinances. The reason is that [the Torah] is, as it were, the chabad of the En Sof, blessed is He, and when a person is engaged in it he draws over himself the light of the En Sof, blessed is He, of an infinitely higher order and splendor than the illumination and influence obtained through the commandments, which are “the organs of the King.” This is what Rav Sheshet [meant when he] said, “Rejoice, O my soul! For you did I learn Scripture; for you did I learn Mishnah,” as is explained elsewhere at length.

Source 35 · Hasidic
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Likkutei Torah, Va'etchanan

לקוטי תורה, ואתחנן — ד"ה ואתחנן אל ה׳ וגו׳ אתה החילות

Likkutei Torah, Vaetchanan:1

In its treatment of the Shema and the command to teach Torah, Likkutei Torah presents instruction as an expression of drawing divine unity into human consciousness and daily conduct.

ג אך ות״ת כנגד כולם. כי הנה לימוד התורה הוא מצות והגית בו יומם ולילה אפילו בדבר שעדיין אינו יודע אם יוצא ממנו הפסק דין למעשה כגון כל קושיות הגמרא שאינן אליבא דהלכתא וגם אפילו מי שאינו מבין הפסק דין מתוך הגמרא וגם אפילו בדבר שאינו נוגע למעשה כלל ועמ״ש מזה בפ׳ אחרי ע״פ כי ביום הזה יכפר והענין כי תלמוד תורה הוא רק המשכה מאתעדל״ע וכמ״ש ודברי אשר שמתי בפיך והמשכה זו נעשית שלא ע״י אתעדל״ת שאין אתעדל״ת יכולה להשיגה רק ע״י לימוד התורה בצירופי אותיו הוא ממשיך וכמ״ש קרוב ה׳ לכל קוראיו לכל אשר יקראוהו באמת ואין אמת אלא תורה ועמ״ש בביאור ע״פ אלה מסעי ויכתוב משה כו׳ שע״י הורה קורא וממשיך בחי׳ הוי׳. ולכן נקרא קורא בתורה כמ״ש במ״א. וזהו והיו הדברים האלה אשר אנכי מצוך היום על לבבך ודברת בם כו׳ שגם הדברים אשר אנכי מי שאנכי מצוך יהי׳ מאליהם וממילא על לבבך ע״י ודברת בם כי ודברת מלשון הנהגה והמשכה כמו ידבר עמים לכומר כי בם בעצמם תדבר ותמשיך בחי׳ אנכי מי שאנכי שהוא בחי׳ אתעדל״ע שנעשית שלא ע״י אתעדל״ת כלל מפני שהיא למעלה מעלה מאתעדל״ת (וז״ש בפ׳ תרומה) (קכ״ח א׳) אשתדלותא דאורייתא כו׳ וזהו ענין ותורתך חנני (בתלים קי״ט כ״ט) אתה חוננת׳ למדע תורתך והיינו כדלקמן בפי׳ ואתחנן מתנת חנם. ועמ״ש בפ׳ במדבר ענין וממדבר מתנה כי בחי׳ מדבר הוא כמ״ש במדבר כו׳ בארץ אשר לא עבר בה איש ולא ישב אדם שם פי׳ שאין האתעדל״ת של האדם מגעת שם כלל והיינו כי ענין אתעדל״ת הוא כמ״ש כמים הפנים כו׳ כן האתעדל״ת של לב האדם מעורר אתעדל״ע מבחי׳ אדם העליון משא״כ בבחי׳ כי לא אדם הוא אין אתעדל״ת מגעת שם וזהו ולא ישב אדם שם כו׳ אלא שנמשך אתעדל״ע מצד עצמו בבחי׳ מתנה והוא ענין המשכה שע״י עסק התורה שנאמר בה וממדבר מתנה כו׳ וזהו כי באור פניך נתת לנו תורת חיים (ועמ״ש בפ׳ ראה ע״פ אחרי ה׳ כו׳ תלכו בענין ובקולו תשמעו ובד״ה בשעה שהקדימו ישראל נעשה לנשמע גבי שבועות. ובאג״ה בסופו ד״ה דוד זמירות קרית להו) וזהו אתה החילות להראות את עבדך כי משה קיבל תורה מסיני ושם הוא אתה החילות אתעדל״ע לבד וע׳ בסד״צ (תרומה קע״ו א׳) (וברבות כאן אתה החלות כו׳ אתה התחלת לבוא אצלי כו׳) וגם לבחי׳ אתעדל״ת להיות אתעדל״ע צריך להיות תחלה אתעדל״ע שהוא בחי׳ ב״ק יוצאת מהר חורב כו׳ הארה מלמעלה להיות הרהורי תשובה כו׳. ועד״ז תקנו חכמים ברכות המצות עובר לעשייתן כי אשר קדשנו במצותיו פי׳ שע״י המצות שהם בחי׳ אתעדל״ת שנעשים בדב רים גשמים ציצית של צמר ותפילין של קלף סוכה לולב כו׳ נעשה אתעדל״ע והוא להיות שורה קדושה עליונה. אך כדי להיות קדשנו במצותיו וצונו להיות אתעדל״ת גורם ומעורר אתעדל״ע הוא ע״י אתעדל״ע תחלה שהיא ההארה הבאה מלמעלה להיות בא״י אמ״ה שיהי׳ ברוך ונמשך בחי׳ גילוי הוי׳ למטה שעי״ז אשר קדשנו במצותיו וצונו.

Source 36 · Hasidic
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Tanya, Part I; Likkutei Amarim 4:1

תניא, לקוטי אמרים פרק ד

Tanya, Part I; Likkutei Amarim 4:1

Every divine soul possesses three garments—thought, speech, and action—through which the 613 mitzvot of Torah are clothed; when a person performs the mitzvot through action, engages in speech by explaining all 613 mitzvot and their laws, and through thought grasps whatever is accessible to him in the peshat, remez, derush, and sod levels of Torah, then all 613 aspects of his soul become clothed in the 613 mitzvot of Torah.

וְעוֹד יֵשׁ לְכָל נֶפֶשׁ אֱלֹהִית שְׁלֹשָׁה לְבוּשִׁים, שֶׁהֵם מַחֲשָׁבָה דִּבּוּר וּמַעֲשֶׂה שֶׁל תַּרְיַ״ג מִצְוֹת הַתּוֹרָה; שֶׁכְּשֶׁהָאָדָם מְקַיֵּים בְּמַעֲשֶׂה כָּל מִצְוֹת מַעֲשִׂיּוֹת, וּבְדִבּוּר הוּא עוֹסֵק בְּפֵירוּשׁ כָּל תַּרְיַ״ג מִצְוֹת וְהִלְכוֹתֵיהֶן, וּבְמַחֲשָׁבָה הוּא מַשִּׂיג כָּל מַה שֶּׁאֶפְשָׁר לוֹ לְהַשִּׂיג בִּפְשַׁט־רֶמֶז־דְּרוּשׁ־סוֹד הַתּוֹרָה – הֲרֵי כְּלָלוּת תַּרְיַ״ג אֵבְרֵי נַפְשׁוֹ מְלוּבָּשִׁים בְּתַרְיַ״ג מִצְוֹת הַתּוֹרָה.

Source 37 · Modern
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Contemporary Halakhic Problems, Vol II, Part I, Chapter V Education

בעיות הלכתיות עכשוויות, כרך ב, חלק ראשון, פרק ה: חינוך

Contemporary Halakhic Problems, Vol II, Part I, Chapter V Education

The obligation to teach Torah to children, derived from Deuteronomy 11:19, is an intrinsic component of the mitzvah of talmud Torah itself—not merely instrumental to enabling performance of other mitzvot—and a parent's duty to teach their child is parallel to their own obligation to study Torah, with teaching being an end in itself.

Nevertheless, the obligation to teach Torah to children is far more encompassing in nature. The verse "And you shall teach them to your sons" (Deuteronomy 11:19) establishes not simply an obligation to teach children so that they be enabled to perform mizvot, but is an intrinsic component of the mizvah of talmud Torah. A Jew is obligated to teach his son Torah just as he is obligated to study Torah himself. Just as one's own study of Torah is an end in itself, so also is the teaching of Torah to children an end in itself.

Source 38 · Modern
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Rav Eliezer Melamed (Peninei Halakhah, Likkutim I 1:2)

פניני הלכה, ליקוטים א א׳:ב׳

Peninei Halakhah, Likkutim I 1:2

The proper way to learn Torah initially is that each father teach his son the fundamentals of Torah until the son can continue learning independently, as stated in Devarim; if a father cannot teach himself, he must ensure his son learns from rabbis and teachers until mastering the foundations; additionally, the sages of Israel have a separate mitzvah to teach Torah to the people, and Chazal interpret in Sifrei that students are also called sons, establishing that Torah scholars have a mitzvah to teach their students Torah.

מלכתחילה, הדרך הראויה ללמוד תורה היא, שכל אב ילמד את בנו את כל יסודות התורה, עד שהבן יוכל להמשיך וללמוד בעצמו. כפי שנאמר (דברים יא, יט): "וְלִמַּדְתֶּם אֹתָם אֶת בְּנֵיכֶם לְדַבֵּר בָּם". ואם האב אינו יודע ללמד בעצמו, עליו לדאוג לכך שבנו ילמד אצל רבנים ומורים עד שידע את כל יסודות התורה. בנוסף למצווה של ההורים ישנה מצווה מיוחדת לחכמי ישראל ללמד את העם תורה, שנאמר (דברים ו, ז): "וְשִׁנַּנְתָּם לְבָנֶיךָ". דרשו חז"ל בספרי, שגם התלמידים נקראים בנים, מכאן שמצווה על תלמידי החכמים שבישראל ללמד את התלמידים תורה.

Source 39 · Modern
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Contemporary Halakhic Problems, Vol II, Part II, Chapter XVI Teaching Torah to Non Jews

בעיות הלכתיות עכשוויות, כרך ב, חלק שני, פרק טז: לימוד תורה לגויים

Contemporary Halakhic Problems, Vol II, Part II, Chapter XVI Teaching Torah to Non Jews

There is an obligation to respond when someone requests Torah information, and when a non-Jew asks a query the Jew must answer to the best of his ability, but there is no obligation to volunteer information unprompted or to take the initiative in teaching the Seven Commandments to Noachides.

It seems to this writer that while there exists no obligation to volunteer information (although it may well be laudable to do so), there is an obligation to respond to a request for information. Jews are commanded to disseminate Torah as widely as possible among their fellow Jews, but there is no obligation to seize the initiative in teaching the Seven Commandments to Noachides. Nevertheless, when information or advice is solicited there is a definite obligation to respond. When the non-Jew takes the initiative in posing a query, the Jew must respond to the best of his ability.

Source 40 · Modern
External

the Klausenberger Rebbe (Divrei Yatziv CM 48)

דברי יציב, חו"מ סי׳ מ״ח

Divrei Yatziv CM 48

A student upon whom there is an obligation to teach sharpened and trained students — meaning in the Oral Torah — there is no logical reason that one's son should be worse off than them and taught only Scripture; and though one might argue that Scripture should be prioritized for one's son over others, in the Oral Torah one's son is like any other student, which is not correct, for if it is said there is a mitzvah at least to teach him like [others].

On this pageA student upon whom there is an obligation to teach sharpened and trained students — meaning in the Oral Torah — there is no logical reason that one's son should be worse off than them and taught only Scripture; and though one might argue that Scripture should be prioritized for one's son over others, in the Oral Torah one's son is like any other student, which is not correct, for if it is said there is a mitzvah at least to teach him like [others].

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Source 41 · Modern
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Tzitz Eliezer 19:51

ציץ אליעזר, חי״ט סי׳ נ״א

Tzitz Eliezer 19:51

A single person is one fit to be appointed as a communal provider, while a student is one whom people ask a halakhic matter during his learning and who answers, even if it concerns an entire tractate.

On this pageA single person is one fit to be appointed as a communal provider, while a student is one whom people ask a halakhic matter during his learning and who answers, even if it concerns an entire tractate.

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Source 42 · Modern
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Igros Moshe YD 2:110

אגרות משה, יו"ד ב׳:ק״י

Igros Moshe YD 2:110

One is obligated to teach Torah without charge to students, and the obligation extends to all people, based on the instruction in Devarim to teach one's children, as derived in Sifri.

On this pageOne is obligated to teach Torah without charge to students, and the obligation extends to all people, based on the instruction in Devarim to teach one's children, as derived in Sifri.

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Igros Moshe YD 4:31

אגרות משה, יו"ד ד׳:ל״א

Igros Moshe YD 4:31

Yeshiva students must understand the great importance of studying Torah with students, which is the foundation of yeshivas, and the significance of this matter is solely the great mitzvah of talmud Torah itself, which is equivalent to all other mitzvot, and it is also the foundation for fulfilling all the mitzvot, as Chazal said.

On this pageYeshiva students must understand the great importance of studying Torah with students, which is the foundation of yeshivas, and the significance of this matter is solely the great mitzvah of talmud Torah itself, which is equivalent to all other mitzvot, and it is also the foundation for fulfilling all the mitzvot, as Chazal said.

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Igros Moshe YD 4:36

אגרות משה, יו"ד ד׳:ל״ו

Igros Moshe YD 4:36

The passage discusses the parameters of the obligation to teach and study Torah, presenting Rabbi Moshe Feinstein's detailed analysis of multiple related topics: when students wish to leave yeshiva for secular studies or professions, the scope of the obligation to know all of Torah and not forget it, and whom is permitted to accept charity while studying versus whom must work for livelihood, concluding that the obligation to study Torah is continuous and binding on all Jews, yet permits necessary interruptions for sustenance and living expenses.

On this pageThe passage discusses the parameters of the obligation to teach and study Torah, presenting Rabbi Moshe Feinstein's detailed analysis of multiple related topics: when students wish to leave yeshiva for secular studies or professions, the scope of the obligation to know all of Torah and not forget it, and whom is permitted to accept charity while studying versus whom must work for livelihood, concluding that the obligation to study Torah is continuous and binding on all Jews, yet permits necessary interruptions for sustenance and living expenses.

Igros Moshe YD 4:36 — page scan on HebrewBooks
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  • Deuteronomy 6:7unverified

    וְשִׁנַּנְתָּ֣ם לְבָנֶ֔יךָ וְדִבַּרְתָּ֖ בָּ֑ם בְּשִׁבְתְּךָ֤ בְּבֵיתֶ֙ךָ֙ וּבְלֶכְתְּךָ֣ בַדֶּ֔רֶךְ וּֽבְשׇׁכְבְּךָ֖ וּבְקוּמֶֽךָ׃

    Same passage as Deuteronomy 11:19

  • שחייב כל אדם בתלמוד תורה והיאך לומדים בשכר. ובו כ"ו סעיפים: כל איש ישראל חייב בתלמוד תורה בין עני בין עשיר בין שלם בגופו בין בעל יסורים בין בחור בין זקן גדול אפי' עני המחזר על הפתחים אפילו בעל אשה ובנים חייב לקבוע לו זמן לתלמוד תורה ביום ובלילה שנאמר והגית בו יומם ולילה. (ובשעת הדחק אפילו לא קרא רק ק"ש שחרית וערבית לא ימושו מפיך קרינן ביה) (הגהות מיימוני פ"א וסמ"ג עשין י"ב) ומי שא"א לו ללמוד מפני שאינו יודע כלל ללמוד או מפני הטרדות שיש לו יספיק לאחרים הלומדים: הגה ותחשב לו כאילו לומד בעצמו (טור) ויכול אדם להתנות עם חבירו שהוא יעסוק בתורה והוא ימציא לו פרנסה ויחלוק עמו בשכר אבל אם כבר עסק בתורה אינו יכול למכור לו חלקו בשביל ממון שיתן לו (תא"ו נתיב ב' מש"ס דסוטה): ילמוד אדם תורה ואח"כ ישא אשה שאם ישא אשה תחילה א"א לו לעסוק בתורה מאחר שרחיים בצוארו ואם א"א לו בלא אשה מפני שיצרו מתגבר עליו ישא אשה תחילה: עד אימתי חייב ללמוד עד יום מותו שנאמר ופן יסורו מלבבך כל ימי חייך וכל זמן שלא יעסוק בתורה הוא שוכח:

    Same passage as Shulchan Arukh, Yoreh De'ah 246:1-26

  • כְּשֵׁם שֶׁחַיָּב אָדָם לְלַמֵּד אֶת בְּנוֹ כָּךְ הוּא חַיָּב לְלַמֵּד אֶת בֶּן בְּנוֹ שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים ד ט) "וְהוֹדַעְתָּם לְבָנֶיךָ וְלִבְנֵי בָנֶיךָ". וְלֹא בְּנוֹ וּבֶן בְּנוֹ בִּלְבַד אֶלָּא מִצְוָה עַל כָּל חָכָם וְחָכָם מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל לְלַמֵּד אֶת כָּל הַתַּלְמִידִים אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵינָן בָּנָיו. שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים ו ז) "וְשִׁנַּנְתָּם לְבָנֶיךָ" מִפִּי הַשְּׁמוּעָה לָמְדוּ בָּנֶיךָ אֵלּוּ תַּלְמִידֶיךָ שֶׁהַתַּלְמִידִים קְרוּיִין בָּנִים שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (מלכים ב ב ג) "וַיֵּצְאוּ בְנֵי הַנְּבִיאִים".

    Same passage as Mishneh Torah, Torah Study 1:1-2

  • מִכָּאן אוֹמֵר בֶּן עַזַּאי, חַיָּב אָדָם לְלַמֵּד אֶת בִּתּוֹ תוֹרָה, שֶׁאִם תִּשְׁתֶּה, תֵּדַע שֶׁהַזְּכוּת תּוֹלָה לָהּ. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, כָּל הַמְלַמֵּד אֶת בִּתּוֹ תוֹרָה, כְּאִלּוּ מְלַמְּדָהּ תִּפְלוּת.

    Same passage as Sotah 20a:7

  • שמצוה על כל חכם מישראל ללמד תורה לתלמידים, שנא׳ ושננתם לבניך, מפי השמועה למדו, בניך אלו תלמידיך, שהתלמידים קרויים בנים, שנאמר ויצאו בני הנביאים ]ומקורו בספרי ס״פ ואתחנן[. אולם זהו לענין לימוד הדברים בעל פה, שאינו רשאי

  • מצוה מה׳׳ת לשנן וללמד דברי תורה לבנו ותלמידו ולכן אם כי, אק מה׳׳ת שום מצוה לקק ללמוד תורה, מ״מ כל שהאב והרב מלמדים אותו תורה ומשננים דברי תורה בפיו, הרי נתקיימה פ״י לימודו של ק ק זה מצות פשה מה׳׳ת ונחשב מה׳׳ת כאילו קיימה

  • שצריכים תלמ T י הישיבה לדעת הנה גודל מעלת לימוד התורה עם תלמשים, שעל זה הוא יסוד הישיבות. וחשיבות דבר זה היא לבד המצווה הגדולה דעצם תלמוד תורה שהיא כנגד כולם, )פאה פ״א מ״א( וגם היא יסוד קיום כל המצוות כמו שאמרו חז״ל

  • שצריכים תלמ T י הישיבה לדעת הנה גודל מעלת לימוד התורה עם תלמשים, שעל זה הוא יסוד הישיבות. וחשיבות דבר זה היא לבד המצווה הגדולה דעצם תלמוד תורה שהיא כנגד כולם, )פאה פ״א מ״א( וגם היא יסוד קיום כל המצוות כמו שאמרו חז״ל

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