parshaמפרשי הפרשה

ספורנו — צדק צדק תרדוף / לא תטע אשרה / לא תקים מצבה / לא תזבח בעל מום

"צדק צדק תרדוף" — Chazal (Sanhedrin 32b) and Rashi read this as instruction to litigants to seek a quality court. Ramban splits it into commands to judges *and* litigants. Is there a peshat reading where the verse goes back to the very start of the parsha — "שופטים ושטרים תתן לך"?

צדק צדק תרדוף. כשתתן לך שופטים אתה הממנה את השופטים בחר את היותר שופטי צדק אף על פי שאין בהם כל כך שאר תכסיסים הראוים לדיין כמו שלמות הקנין ושלמות הגוף כענין "אַל תַּבֵּט אֶל מַרְאֵהוּ וְאֶל גְּבֹהַּ קוֹמָתוֹ" (שמואל א טז, ז)... הביא שלשה דומים מענין דברים שהם נאים כפי החוש ונמאסים מפני מומם הרוחני.

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ספורנו

Sforno on Deuteronomy 16:28

Q — "צדק צדק תרדוף" — Chazal (Sanhedrin 32b) and Rashi read this as instruction to litigants to seek a quality court. Ramban splits it into commands to judges *and* litigants. Is there a peshat reading where the verse goes back to the very start of the parsha — "שופטים ושטרים תתן לך"?

A — Sforno reads exactly that. "Tzedek tzedek tirdof" is addressed to the *appointing authority* — the one who selects judges. The instruction sets priorities: "בחר את היותר שופטי צדק אף על פי שאין בהם כל כך שאר תכסיסים הראוים לדיין כמו שלמות הקנין ושלמות הגוף" — even if they lack wealth or imposing physical stature. The proof-text is the choice of David: "אַל תַּבֵּט אֶל מַרְאֵהוּ" (Shmuel I 16:7). Sforno extends the chiddush across the immediately following dinim — לא תטע אשרה, לא תקים מצבה, לא תזבח בעל מום — as three illustrations of the same principle: "דברים שהם נאים כפי החוש ונמאסים מפני מומם הרוחני." Asherah is pretty but tainted by avodah zarah — like privileging physical bearing over moral character in a judge. Matzevah was acceptable pre-Sinai but disqualified after — like a man whose youthful conduct disgraced him ("זקן שאין פרקו נאה"). Ba'al mum is a valuable animal disqualified by one defect — like a wealthy impressive candidate flawed in one middah. Across all four laws: ruchani trumps gashmi.

צדק צדק תרדוף. כשתתן לך שופטים אתה הממנה את השופטים בחר את היותר שופטי צדק אף על פי שאין בהם כל כך שאר תכסיסים הראוים לדיין כמו שלמות הקנין ושלמות הגוף כענין "אַל תַּבֵּט אֶל מַרְאֵהוּ וְאֶל גְּבֹהַּ קוֹמָתוֹ" (שמואל א טז, ז)... הביא שלשה דומים מענין דברים שהם נאים כפי החוש ונמאסים מפני מומם הרוחני.

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