כלי יקר — זכור את יום השבת לקדשו

Q — To whom does the suffix 'לקדשו' refer? Shabbat is already inherently holy — 'מקודש ועומד' — so who is being sanctified by the act of remembering?

A — Kli Yakar's startling read: 'לקדשו' refers not to Shabbat but to *Hashem*. The Decalogue moves through קדושת שם ה' — the second commandment forbids other gods, the third forbids taking His name in vain (chillul Hashem). The fourth continues the theme: remembering Shabbat sanctifies Hashem's name, because remembering Shabbat means remembering that 'כי ביה ה' צור עולמים' — Hashem created all worlds *with His name*. The mitzvah is constructed as the positive counterpart to 'לא תשא': not taking the name in vain is chillul-avoidance; remembering Shabbat is active kiddush.