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The Patriarchs' Names for the Temple

Rabbinic sources explore how Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob each referred to the future Temple site by different names—the mountain, the field, and the house—reflecting their distinct spiritual relationships to that place. The sources also discuss the Western Wall as a sacred remnant after the Temple's destruction.

אַבְרָהָם קָרָא הַר, יִצְחָק קָרָא שָׂדֶה, יַעֲקֹב קָרָא בַּיִת

9 sources · 5 verified

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What the sources say

The core of these sources establishes a well-attested theme: that Avraham, Yitzchak and Yaakov each used a different term for the site of the Beit Hamikdash, with Pesachim 88a:3 teaching that Avraham called it a mountain, Yitzchak called it a field, and only Yaakov called it a house, which is why the future Temple will be described in Yaakov's language.

Bereshit Rabbah 56:10 develops a parallel tradition in which Avraham named the place 'Yireh' and Shem named it 'Shalem,' and God combines both into the name Yerushalayim.

Abarbanel builds on the three-names motif to correlate each Temple historically with a different Patriarch — the first with Avraham, the second with Yitzchak, and the third, permanent one with Yaakov, which is why only the third is called a 'house.'

Likkutei Sichos 15, ויצא 2 similarly reads the terms 'mountain,' 'field,' and 'house' as corresponding to the three Temples, explaining that Yaakov's term 'house' signals a fixed, eternal dwelling appropriate to the ultimate Third Temple.

Rashi on Bereishit 28:17 and Rashi on Bereishit 22:14 add that the site is understood as a gate of prayer aligned with a heavenly Temple, and that the ashes of Yitzchak's binding are tied to that same place, but neither source describes God as a farmer or mentions pe'at hasadeh or the Kotel HaMaaravi.

None of these sources, including Sotah 49b:3, which addresses a different subject of moral decline before the Messianic age, contain any comparison of God to a farmer who left over pe'at hasadeh as the Kotel HaMaaravi at the Temple's destruction; that specific claim in the question is not borne out by the material here.

The Klausenberger Rebbe in Divrei Yatziv (Divrei Yatziv CM 90) addresses the sanctity of the whole Temple Mount as a dwelling of the Divine Presence and associates Avraham's designation with 'mountain' and Yitzchak's with the courtyard, in keeping with the same set of names.

The Tzitz Eliezer in Tzitz Eliezer 11:89 addresses the spelling and vocalization of 'Yerushalayim,' explaining it as a combination of Avraham's name 'Yirah' and Shem ben Noach's name 'Shalem.'

Source 1 · Chazal
Verified

recovered from “Midrash Tanchuma, Vayikra 14”

Pesachim

פסחים פ״ח א — ד"ה וְאָמַר רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר

Pesachim 88a:3

The passage explains that Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob each referred to the Temple by different names—Abraham called it "the mountain," Isaac called it "the field," and Jacob called it "the house"—based on scriptural verses describing each patriarch's relationship to that place.

וְאָמַר רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר, מַאי דִּכְתִיב: ״וְהָלְכוּ עַמִּים רַבִּים וְאָמְרוּ לְכוּ וְנַעֲלֶה אֶל הַר ה׳ אֶל בֵּית אֱלֹהֵי יַעֲקֹב וְגוֹ׳״. אֱלֹהֵי יַעֲקֹב, וְלֹא אֱלֹהֵי אַבְרָהָם וְיִצְחָק? אֶלָּא, לֹא כְּאַבְרָהָם שֶׁכָּתוּב בּוֹ ״הַר״, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״אֲשֶׁר יֵאָמֵר הַיּוֹם בְּהַר ה׳ יֵרָאֶה״, וְלֹא כְּיִצְחָק שֶׁכָּתוּב בּוֹ ״שָׂדֶה״, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״וַיֵּצֵא יִצְחָק לָשׂוּחַ בַּשָּׂדֶה״, אֶלָּא כְּיַעֲקֹב שֶׁקְּרָאוֹ ״בַּיִת״, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״וַיִּקְרָא אֶת שֵׁם הַמָּקוֹם הַהוּא בֵּית אֵל״.

The Gemara returns to its discussion of prophecies of consolation that are related to those in the book of Hosea. And Rabbi Elazar said: What is the meaning of that which is written: “And many peoples shall go and say: Go and let us go up to the mountain of the Lord, to the house of the God of Jacob; and He will teach us of His ways, and we will walk in His paths” (Isaiah 2:3)? The Gemara notes that Jacob is the only Patriarch mentioned and asks: Is He the God of Jacob and not the God of Abraham and Isaac? Rather, the verse specifically mentions Jacob to allude to the fact that the Temple will ultimately be described in the same way that Jacob referred to it. It will not be referred to as it was referred to by Abraham. It is written of him that when he prayed at the location of the Temple mountain, he called it mount, as it is stated: “As it is said on this day: On the mount where the Lord is seen” (Genesis 22:14). And it will not be referred to as it was referred to by Isaac. It is written of him that he called the location of the Temple field when he prayed there, as it is stated: “And Isaac went out to meditate in the field” (Genesis 24:63). Rather, it will be described as it was referred to by Jacob, who called it house, as it is stated: “And he called the name of that place Beth-El” (Genesis 28:19), which means house of God.

Source 2 · Chazal
Verified

Sotah 49b

סוטה מ״ט ב

Sotah 49b:3

The sugya discusses the signs of the destruction and the loss of sanctity in the generation surrounding the Temple's destruction. It provides historical-rabbinic context for traditions about the Temple's continuing sacred remnant.

וְחַכְמוֹת סוֹפְרִים תִּסְרַח, וְיִרְאֵי חֵטְא יִמָּאֵסוּ, וְהָאֱמֶת תְּהֵא נֶעֱדֶרֶת. נְעָרִים פְּנֵי זְקֵנִים יַלְבִּינוּ, זְקֵנִים יַעַמְדוּ מִפְּנֵי קְטַנִּים — בֵּן מְנַוֵּול אָב, בַּת קָמָה בְאִמָּהּ, כַּלָּה בַּחֲמוֹתָהּ, אוֹיְבֵי אִישׁ אַנְשֵׁי בֵיתוֹ, פְּנֵי הַדּוֹר כִּפְנֵי הַכֶּלֶב, הַבֵּן אֵינוֹ מִתְבַּיֵּישׁ מֵאָבִיו, וְעַל מָה יֵשׁ לָנוּ לְהִשָּׁעֵן — עַל אָבִינוּ שֶׁבַּשָּׁמַיִם.

Source 3 · Chazal
Verified

Bereshit Rabbah 56:10

מדרש רבה, בראשית נו יז

Bereshit Rabbah 56:10

Abraham called the place 'Yireh' and Shem called it 'Shalem'; God combined them into Yerushalayim — the name emerges midrashically, not from the Chumash's own text.

אַבְרָהָם קָרָא אוֹתוֹ יִרְאֶה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וַיִּקְרָא אַבְרָהָם שֵׁם הַמָּקוֹם הַהוּא ה' יִרְאֶה. שֵׁם קָרָא אוֹתוֹ שָׁלֵם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (בראשית יד, יח): וּמַלְכִּי צֶדֶק מֶלֶךְ שָׁלֵם, אָמַר הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא אִם קוֹרֵא אֲנִי אוֹתוֹ יִרְאֶה כְּשֵׁם שֶׁקָּרָא אוֹתוֹ אַבְרָהָם, שֵׁם אָדָם צַדִּיק מִתְרָעֵם, וְאִם קוֹרֵא אֲנִי אוֹתוֹ שָׁלֵם, אַבְרָהָם אָדָם צַדִּיק מִתְרָעֵם, אֶלָּא הֲרֵינִי קוֹרֵא אוֹתוֹ יְרוּשָׁלַיִם כְּמוֹ שֶׁקָּרְאוּ שְׁנֵיהֶם, יִרְאֶה שָׁלֵם, יְרוּשָׁלַיִם.

Source 4 · Rishonim
attested

Abarbanel

אברבנאל, ישעיה ב ב וד

Abarbanel

The passage interprets the three Temples as corresponding to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob: the First embodied greatness, strength, and honor before being destroyed by Nebuchadnezzar; the Second corresponded to Isaac and was destroyed by the Romans; and the Third corresponds to Jacob, will never be destroyed, and is therefore called a “house” rather than a mountain or field.

ונשא מגבעות - בקדושה ואלוקות, שיכירו האומות כי בהר ה' יראה ושקר נחלו אבותיהם... וחז"ל אמרו בפסיקתא בית אלקי יעקב וגו', כוונו לדעתי לומר שבית ראשון היה נגד אברהם, והיו בו גדולה גבורה וכבוד, ונחרב על ידי נבוכדנצר כפי שנמרוד הצר לאברהם. השני כנגד יצחק שכהו עיניו, וכן לא היתה בו נבואה וכו', ומזרע עשו באו הרומיים להחריבו. והשלישי נגד יעקב שניצח את שרו של עשו, ולא יחרב עוד, ועל כן לא כינהו הר ושדה כי אם בית.

Source 5 · Rishonim
Verified

Rashi on Genesis 28:17

רש"י, בראשית כח יז

Rashi on Genesis 28:17

Rashi explains Jacob's words 'this is none other than the house of God' as referring prophetically to the future Temple. This is a central peshat/drash source for Jacob's name בית אל / בית המקדש.

וזה שער השמים. מְקוֹם תְּפִלָּה לַעֲלוֹת תְּפִלָּתָם הַשָּׁמַיְמָה. וּמִדְרָשׁוֹ, שֶׁבֵּית הַמִּקְדָשׁ שֶׁל מַעְלָה מְכֻוָּן כְּנֶגֶד בֵּית הַמִּקְדָשׁ שֶׁל מַטָּה:

Source 6 · Rishonim
Verified

Rashi on Genesis 22:14

רש"י, בראשית כב יד

Rashi on Genesis 22:14

Rashi identifies the mountain of the Binding of Isaac with the future Temple site, linking Abraham's naming of the place to the Temple and its sacrificial service.

היום. הַיָּמִים הָעֲתִידִין, כְּמוֹ עַד הַיּוֹם הַזֶּה שֶׁבְּכָל הַמִּקְרָא, שֶׁכָּל הַדּוֹרוֹת הַבָּאִים הַקּוֹרְאִים אֶת הַמִּקְרָא הַזֶּה אוֹמְרִים עַד הַיּוֹם הַזֶּה עַל הַיוֹם שֶׁעוֹמְדִים בּוֹ. וּמִ"אַ ה' יִרְאֶה עֲקֵדָה זוֹ לִסְלֹחַ לְיִשְׂרָאֵל בְּכָל שָׁנָה וּלְהַצִּילָם מִן הַפֻּרְעָנוּת, כְּדֵי שֶׁיֵּאָמֵר הַיּוֹם הַזֶּה – בְּכָל הַדּוֹרוֹת הַבָּאִים – בְּהַר ה' יֵרָאֶה אֶפְרוֹ שֶׁל יִצְחָק צָבוּר וְעוֹמֵד לְכַפָּרָה:

Source 7 · Hasidic
External

לקוטי שיחות חט"ו, ויצא (ב)

Likkutei Sichos 15 ויצא 2

The passage distinguishes Torah as intellectual comprehension associated with Zion from Halacha as absolute submission associated with Jerusalem, and links these ideas to the Patriarchs and the three Temples. It explains that the Third Temple is called a “House” because, unlike the first two Temples, it will be a fixed and eternal structure synthesizing both qualities.

השמות „הר", „שדה" ו„בית" מציינים את שלושת בתי המקדש, ולכן דוקא המקדש השלישי נקרא „בית", כינוי המצביע על „מקום מיושב" וקבוע, ולא „הר" ו„שדה", כי זוהי מעלת בית המקדש השלישי, שרק הוא יהיה בנין קבוע ונצחי, שלא כבית ראשון ובית שני שחרבו.

In this sichaThe discourse analyzes the spiritual distinction between 'Torah' (associated with 'Zion' and intellectual comprehension) and 'Halacha' (associated with 'Jerusalem' and absolute submission to G-d). It links these concepts to the three Patriarchs and the three Temples, explaining that Jacob's designation of the Temple as a 'House' represents the ultimate synthesis of both intellect and submission, which characterizes the eternal Third Temple.

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Source 8 · Modern
External

the Klausenberger Rebbe (Divrei Yatziv CM 90)

דברי יציב, חו"מ סי׳ צ׳

Divrei Yatziv CM 90

The passage cites a source stating that the entire Temple Mount is sanctified as a dwelling place of the Divine Presence, and suggests that Abraham associated it with the designation “mountain” while Isaac associated the Temple courtyard with another designation.

On this pageThe passage cites a source stating that the entire Temple Mount is sanctified as a dwelling place of the Divine Presence, and suggests that Abraham associated it with the designation “mountain” while Isaac associated the Temple courtyard with another designation.

Divrei Yatziv CM 90 — page scan on HebrewBooks
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Source 9 · Modern
External

Tzitz Eliezer 11:89

ציץ אליעזר, חי״א סי׳ פ״ט

Tzitz Eliezer 11:89

The passage states that the spelling “ירושלם” is read as “ירושלים,” explaining that Abraham called it “Yirah” while Shem ben Noach called it “Shalem.

On this pageThe passage states that the spelling “ירושלם” is read as “ירושלים,” explaining that Abraham called it “Yirah” while Shem ben Noach called it “Shalem.

Tzitz Eliezer 11:89 — page scan on HebrewBooks
Page 239

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Related sources· 7 found, not yet verifiedSign in to verify
  • שם שהובא גם בכו״פ פ״ו )הבאתיו בקונטרסי שם אות צ״ו( איתא עוד דיעקב אבינו לקט את האבנים ומצאן כלן אבן אחת ושם אותה מצבה בתוך המקום וירד לו שמן מן השמים ויצק עליה, ונקראת אבן שתיה ששם טבור הארץ ובו' ע״ש, וא״ב יוצא שעצם האבן

  • התבאר לך דבר מקדושת ירושלים ומעלתה, אך הדבר שהוא קודש קדשים הוא בית מקדשנו ותפארתנו שיהיה לעתיד לבא ובמהרה בימינו. אמרינן בפרק האשה: לא כאברהם שקראו הר, ולא כיצחק שכתוב בו שדה, אלא כיעקב שקראו בית. ביאור ענין זה: דע כי בית המקדש הוא המקום שהשי"ת יש לו חיבור ודביקות עם התחתונים, שזהו ענין בית המקדש. ומפני שמדת אברהם הוא החסד המתדמה להר, שכל חסד הוא גדול ואינו משוה המדה ביושר כמו שעושה בעל מדת הדין, ומפני שעל ידי מדה זאת יש להשי"ת חיבור לתחתונים קראו אברהם הר, שעל ידי מדת אברהם שהיא מדת החסד החיבור הזה. וכן יצחק שהיתה מדתו מדת הדין, שעושה מעשיו ביושר ובדין, גם זו מדה אלקית ועל ידה יש להשי"ת חבור ודביקות אל התחתונים להיות ביניהם, ולכך קראו יצחק שדה, שהוא ישר, וכן מדת הדין.

    from our library copy — not yet checked against the original

  • אל הר ה', זה אברהם, שכתוב, אשר יאמר היום בהר ה' יראה, כי אברהם קרא לו הר, מה הר הפקר לכל מי שרוצה בעולם, אף מקום זה הקודש, הוא לקבל לכל מי שרוצה בעולם. אל בית, זה יעקב, שקרא למקום הזה בית, שכתוב, אין זה כי אם בית אלקים. פירוש אחר, הר ובית, אף על פי שהכל מדרגה אחת, עולה זה על זה, הר הוא לשאר העמים, כשבאים להכנס תחת כנפיו, בית, הוא לישראל, להיות עמהם כאשה עם בעלה בדירה אחת בשמחה, ורובץ עליהם כאם על בנים.

    from our library copy — not yet checked against the original

  • Bava Batra 3unverified

    Filed under: Walls of the Temple - Chomot haMikdash

  • Filed under: להצטלם על רקע הכותל המערבי

  • Filed under: Halachot for Farmers

  • Pesachim 4bunverified

    Filed under: Destroying Leaven

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