The Khazari king asserts that the Jewish people fall short of their Torah obligation by not endeavoring to settle in Zion as their permanent dwelling, despite reciting prayers about it and believing the Shekhinah will return there, noting that earlier Jewish forefathers chose to dwell there as strangers rather than in their own lands, and directing their bones to be buried there, and that all nations acknowledge its spiritual significance.
(כג) אָמַר הַכּוּזָרִי: אִם כֵּן אַתָּה מְקַצֵּר בְּחוֹבַת תּוֹרָתְךָ, שֶׁאֵין אַתָּה מֵשִׂים מְגַמָּתְךָ הַמָּקוֹם הַזֶּה וּתְשִׂימֶנּוּ בֵּית חַיֶּיךָ וּמוֹתֶךָ, וְאַתָּה אוֹמֵר: "רַחֵם עַל צִיּוֹן כִּי הִיא בֵית חַיֵּינוּ", וְתַאֲמִין כִּי הַשְּׁכִינָה שָׁבָה אֵלָיו, וְאִלּוּ לֹא הָיָה לָהּ מַעֲלָה אֶלָּא הַתְמָדַת הַשְּׁכִינָה בָהּ בְּאֹרֶךְ תְּשַׁע מֵאוֹת שָׁנָה הָיָה מִן הַדִּין שֶׁתִּכָּסַפְנָה הַנְּפָשׁוֹת הַיְקָרוֹת לָהּ וְתִזַּכְנָה בָהּ, כַּאֲשֶׁר יִקְרֶה אוֹתָנוּ בִמְקוֹמוֹת הַנְּבִיאִים וְהַחֲסִידִים, כָּל שֶׁכֵּן הִיא שֶׁהִיא שַׁעַר הַשָּׁמַיִם. וּכְבָר הִסְכִּימוּ כָל הָאֻמּוֹת עַל זֶה. הַנּוֹצְרִים אוֹמְרִים, שֶׁהַנְּפָשׁוֹת נִקְבָּצוֹת אֵלֶיהָ וּמִמֶּנָּה מַעֲלִין אוֹתָן אֶל הַשָּׁמַיִם, וְהַיִּשְׁמְעֵאלִים אוֹמְרִים, כִּי הִיא מְקוֹם עֲלִיַּת הַנְּבִיאִים אֶל הַשָּׁמַיִם, וְשֶׁהִיא מְקוֹם מַעֲמַד יוֹם הַדִּין, וְהוּא לְכָל מָקוֹם כַּוָּנָה וָחָג. אֲנִי רוֹאֶה, שֶׁהִשְׁתַּחֲוָיָתְךָ וּכְרִיָעְתָך נֶגְדָּה חֹנֶף, אוֹ מִנְהָג מִבִּלְתִּי כַוָּנָה, וּכְבָר הָיוּ אֲבוֹתֵיכֶם הָרִאשׁוֹנִים בּוֹחֲרִים לָדוּר בָּהּ יוֹתֵר מִכָּל מְקוֹמוֹת מוֹלַדְתָּם, וּבוֹחֲרִים הַגֵּרוּת בָּהּ יוֹתֵר מִשֶּׁיִּהְיוּ אֶזְרָחִים בִּמְקוֹמוֹתָם. כָּל זֶה עִם שֶׁלֹּא הָיְתָה בָעֵת הַהִיא נִרְאֵית הַשְּׁכִינָה בָהּ, אֲבָל הָיְתָה מְלֵאָה זִמָּה וַעֲבוֹדַת אֱלִילִים, וְעִם כָּל זֶה לֹא הָיְתָה לָהֶם תַּאֲוָה אֶלָּא לַעֲמֹד בָּהּ, וְשֶׁלֹּא לָצֵאת מִמֶּנָּה ְּבִעּתֹות הָרָעָב אֶלָּא בְמִצְוַת הָאֱלֹהִים, וְהָיוּ מְבַקְשִׁים לִנְשֹׂא עַצְמוֹתָם אֵלֶיהָ. (כד) אָמַר הֶחָבֵר: הוֹבַשְׁתַּנִי מֶלֶךְ כּוּזָר, וְהֶעָוֹן הַזֶּה הוּא אֲשֶׁר מְנָעָנוּ מֵהַשְׁלָמַת מַה שֶּׁיְּעָדָנוּ בוֹ הָאֱלֹהִים בְּבַיִת שֵׁנִי, כְּמָה שֶׁאָמַר: "רָנִּי וְשִׂמְחִי בַּת־צִיּוֹן", כִּי כְבָר הָיָה הָעִנְיָן הָאֱלֹהִי מְזֻמָּן לָחוּל כַּאֲשֶׁר בַּתְּחִלָּה אִלּוּ הָיוּ מַסְכִּימִים כֻּלָּם לָשׁוּב בְּנֶפֶשׁ חֲפֵצָה, אֲבָל שָׁבוּ מִקְצָתָם וְנִשְׁאֲרוּ רֻבָּם וּגְדוֹלֵיהֶם בְּבָבֶל, רוֹצִים בַּגָּלוּת וּבָעֲבוֹדָה – שֶׁלֹּא יִפָּרְדוּ מִמִּשְׁכְּנוֹתֵיהֶם וְעִנְיָנֵיהֶם. וְשֶׁמָּא עַל זֶה אָמַר שְׁלֹמֹה: "אֲנִי יְשֵׁנָה וְלִבִּי עֵר", כִּנָּה הַגָּלוּת בְּשֵׁנָה וְהַלֵּב הָעֵר הַתְמָדַת הַנְּבוּאָה בֵינֵיהֶם. "קוֹל דּוֹדִי דוֹפֵק", קְרִיאַת הָאֱלֹהִים לָשׁוּב. "שֶׁרֹאשִׁי נִמְלָא־טָל" עַל הַשְּׁכִינָה שֶׁיָּצְאָה מִצִּלְלֵי הַמִּקְדָּשׁ, וּמַה שֶּׁאָמַר: "פָּשַׁטְתִּי אֶת כֻּתָּנְתִּי", עַל עַצְלוּתָם לָשׁוּב. "דּוֹדִי שָׁלַח יָדוֹ מִן־הַחוֹר", עַל עֶזְרָא שֶׁהָיָה פוֹצֵר בָּהֶם וּנְחֶמְיָה וְהַנְּבִיאִים, עַד שֶׁהוֹדוּ קְצָתָם לָשׁוּב הוֹדָאָה בִלְתִּי גְמוּרָה, וְנָתַן לָהֶם כְּמַצְפּוּן לִבָּם, וּבָאוּ הָעִנְיָנִים מְקֻצָּרִים מִפְּנֵי קִצּוּרָם, כִּי הָעִנְיָן הָאֱלֹהִי אֵינֶנּוּ חָל עַל הָאִישׁ אֶלָּא כְּפִי הִזְדַּמְּנוּתוֹ לוֹ, אִם מְעַט – מְעָט וְאִם הַרְבֵּה – הַרְבֵּה. וְאִלּוּ הָיִינוּ מִזְדַּמְּנִים לִקְרַאת אֱלֹהֵי אֲבוֹתֵינוּ בְּלֵבָב שָׁלֵם וּבְנֶפֶשׁ חֲפֵצָה, הָיִינוּ פוֹגְעִים מִמֶּנּוּ מַה שֶּׁפָּגְעוּ אֲבוֹתֵינוּ בְּמִצְרָיִם. וְאֵין דִּבּוּרֵנוּ: "הִשְׁתַּחֲווּ לְהַר קָדְשׁוֹ", וְ"הִשְׁתַּחֲווּ לְהֲדוֹם רַגְלָיו", וְ"הַמַּחֲזִיר שְׁכִינָתוֹ לְצִיּוֹן", וְזוּלַת זֶה, אֶלָּא כְצִפְצוּף הַזַּרְזִיר, שֶׁאֵין אֲנַחְנוּ חוֹשְׁבִים עַל מַה שֶּׁנֹאמַר בָּזֶה וְזוּלָתוֹ, כַּאֲשֶׁר אָמַרְתָּ מֶלֶךְ כּוּזָר.
23. Al Khazari: If this be so, thou fallest short of the duty laid down in thy law, by not endeavouring to reach that place, and making it thy abode in life and death, although thou sayest: 'Have mercy on Zion, for it is the house of our life,' and believest that the Shekhinah will return thither. And had it no other preference than that the Shekhinah dwelt there five hundred years, this is sufficient reason for men's souls to retire thither and find purification there, as happens near the abodes of the pious and the prophets. Is it not 'the gate of heaven'? All nations agree on this point. Christians believe that the souls are gathered there and then lifted up to heaven. Islām teaches that it is the place of the ascent, and that prophets are caused to ascend from there to heaven, and, further, that it is the place of gathering on the day of Resurrection. Everybody turns to it in prayer and visits it in pilgrimage. Thy bowing and kneeling in the direction of it is either mere appearance or thoughtless worship. Yet your first forefathers chose it as an abode in preference to their birth-places, and lived there as strangers, rather than as citizens in their own country. This they did even at a time when the Shekhinah was yet visible, but the country was full of unchastity, impurity, and idolatry. Your fathers, however, had no other desire than to remain in it. Neither did they leave it in times of dearth and famine except by God's permission. Finally, they directed their bones to be buried there. 24. The Rabbi: This is a severe reproach, O king of the Khazars. It is the sin which kept the divine promise with regard to the second Temple, viz.: Sing and rejoice, O daughter of Zion' (Zachariah 2:14), from being fulfilled. Divine Providence was ready to restore everything as it had been at first, if they had all willingly consented to return. But only a part was ready to do so, whilst the majority and the aristocracy remained in Babylon, preferring dependence and slavery, and unwilling to leave their houses and their affairs. An allusion to them might be found in the enigmatic words of Solomon: I sleep, but my heart waketh (Song of Songs 5:2-4). He designates the exile by sleep, and the continuance of prophecy among them by the wakefulness of the heart. 'It is the voice of my beloved that knocketh' means God's call to return; 'My head is filled with dew' alludes to the Shekhinah which emerged from the shadow of the Temple. The words: 'I have put off my coat,' refer to the people's slothfulness in consenting to return. The sentence: 'My beloved stretcheth forth his hand through the opening' may be interpreted as the urgent call of Ezra, Nehemiah, and the Prophets, until a portion of the people grudgingly responded to their invitation. In accordance with their mean mind they did not receive full measure. Divine Providence only gives man as much as he is prepared to receive; if his receptive capacity be small, he obtains little, and much if it be great. Were we prepared to meet the God of our forefathers with a pure mind, we should find the same salvation as our fathers did in Egypt. If we say: 'Worship his holy hill--worship at His footstool--He who restoreth His glory to Zion' (Psalms 99:9, Psalsm 99:5), and other words, this is but as the chattering of the starling and the nightingale. We do not realise what we say by this sentence, nor others, as thou rightly observest, O Prince of the Khazars.