Discover what others are learning
Curated Torah sources across every topic, from classical texts to contemporary responsa.
Jewish Theological Critique of Christianity
Classical Jewish sources—from Tanakh through the Rishonim and Acharonim—examine Christian doctrine, messianic claims, and the relationship between Christianity and Jewish law. The sources present the traditional Jewish rejection of Christian theology while tracing how early rabbinic texts engaged with Christianity's historical origins.
כִּֽי־יָק֤וּם בְּקִרְבְּךָ֙ נָבִ֔יא א֖וֹ חֹלֵ֣ם חֲל֑וֹם וְנָתַ֥ן אֵלֶ֛יךָ א֖וֹת א֥וֹ מוֹפֵֽת
The Revelation at Sinai and Shavuot
Sources describe the historical and spiritual dimensions of Shavuot, commemorating the giving of the Torah at Mount Sinai witnessed by the entire Jewish people. The sources explore both the biblical account of the revelation and rabbinic and Hasidic interpretations of its ongoing spiritual significance.
בְּשִׁשִּׁי בַּחֹדֶשׁ נִיתְּנוּ עֲשֶׂרֶת הַדִּבְּרוֹת לְיִשְׂרָאֵל
The Ramban on Jerusalem's Eternal Holiness
Sources explore the Ramban's teachings on Jerusalem's enduring sanctity despite the Temple's destruction, grounding his perspective in Talmudic passages on prayer and the land, biblical designations of the Holy City, and the Jewish people's metaphysical bond with it. The sources collectively illustrate how the Ramban synthesized rabbinic tradition to argue for Jerusalem's irreplaceable place in Jewish spiritual and national life.
אִֽם־אֶשְׁכָּחֵ֥ךְ יְֽרוּשָׁלִָ֗ם תִּשְׁכַּ֥ח יְמִינִֽי
Jerusalem and Individual Spiritual Paths
These sources explore how Jerusalem and Eretz Yisrael hold a singular, irreplaceable position in Jewish spiritual life, while also teaching that each individual possesses a unique and irreplaceable path within that greater destiny. The sources range from biblical celebration of Jerusalem's universal significance to rabbinic teachings on human uniqueness and Kabbalistic insights into personal spiritual journeys.
לְפִיכָךְ נִבְרָא אָדָם יְחִידִי
The Gra and Besht: Opposing Visions of Jewish Practice
Sources exploring the fundamental theological disagreement between the Gra and the Besht over the nature of authentic Jewish service—whether it centers on precise Torah study and meticulous mitzvah observance or on fervent prayer, devekut, and the spiritual role of the tzaddik. The dispute reflects competing understandings of how to serve God and achieve spiritual perfection.
גְּדוֹלָה תוֹרָה יוֹתֵר מִן הַכְּהֻנָּה וּמִן הַמַּלְכוּת
The Obligation of Tzedakah
Jewish law establishes tzedakah as a binding positive commandment rooted in Torah, with detailed obligations about giving according to one's means, the scope of giving, and the prioritization of recipients. Classical sources from Tanakh through the Shulchan Arukh outline both the duty to give and the prohibition against refusing or neglecting the poor.
כִּֽי־יִהְיֶה֩ בְךָ֨ אֶבְי֜וֹן מֵאַחַ֤ד אַחֶ֙יךָ
The Obligation and Levels of Tzedakah
These sources establish tzedakah as a binding Torah commandment, define its basic measure (one-tenth to one-fifth of income), and articulate principles for calibrating assistance to recipients' dignity and former status. They also present a hierarchy of merit in giving, from basic charitable donations to helping the poor achieve self-sufficiency.
שְׁמוֹנֶה מַעֲלוֹת יֵשׁ בַּצְּדָקָה זוֹ לְמַעְלָה מִזּוֹ
The Obligation of Tzedakah in Jewish Law
These sources establish tzedakah as a positive Torah commandment binding on all Jews according to their means. They outline the biblical basis, the obligation to give generously to those in need, and the principle that even the poor must give to those poorer than themselves, with detailed rules for fulfilling this fundamental mitzvah.
מִצְוַת עֲשֵׂה לִתֵּן צְדָקָה לָעֲנִיִּים
The Obligation of Tzedakah
Sources from Torah, Talmud, and medieval codes establish tzedakah as a binding commandment on all individuals according to their means. The sources detail the minimum and ideal standards of giving, the virtues of charitable giving, and the practical administration of community charity.
פָתֹחַ תִּפְתַּח אֶת יָדְךָ לוֹ
The Obligation and Levels of Tzedakah
These sources establish tzedakah as a positive Torah commandment binding on all, with obligations scaled to one's means. They present the eight levels of tzedakah from highest (enabling self-sufficiency) to lowest (reluctant giving), practical rules about prioritizing recipients, and enforceable minimum standards across Jewish tradition from the Torah through the Shulchan Arukh.
שְׁמוֹנֶה מַעֲלוֹת יֵשׁ בַּצְּדָקָה זוֹ לְמַעְלָה מִזּוֹ
Remembering the Exodus Daily
These sources establish the biblical and rabbinic obligation to recall the Exodus from Egypt as a daily religious practice, both by day and by night. The sources ground this remembrance in Torah verses, explain its centrality to Passover observance, and emphasize the personal identification each Jew should maintain with the redemption from Egypt.
בְּכָל דּוֹר וָדוֹר חַיָּב אָדָם לִרְאוֹת אֶת עַצְמוֹ כְאִלּוּ הוּא יָצָא מִמִּצְרַיִם
Why Shavuot Cannot Begin Early
Sources explain the unique halakhic requirement that Maariv on Shavuot night cannot be recited before nightfall, unlike other holidays. This restriction stems from the need to complete exactly 49 full days of Omer counting before Shavuot begins.
שבע שבתות תמימות תהיינה