Pirkei DeRabbi Eliezer, Chapter 31
פרקי דרבי אליעזר ל״א:י״א — ד"ה רַבִּי זְכַרְיָה אוֹמֵר
Pirkei DeRabbi Eliezer 31:11
The midrash links the ram of the Binding of Isaac with the shofar and the remembrance of Isaac's merit, making the Akedah a central source of mercy on Rosh Hashanah.
רַבִּי זְכַרְיָה אוֹמֵר: אוֹתוֹ הָאַיִל שֶׁנִּבְרָא בֵּין הַשְּׁמָשׁוֹת הָיָה, וּבָא לְהִתְקָרֵב תַּחַת יִצְחָק, וְהָיָה סָמָאֵל עוֹמֵד וּמַסְטִינוֹ כְּדֵי לְבַטֵּל קָרְבָּנוֹ שֶׁל אַבְרָהָם אָבִינוּ, וְנֶאֱחַז בִּשְׁנֵי קַרְנוֹתָיו בֵּין הָאִילָנוֹת, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״וַיִּשָּׂא אַבְרָהָם אֶת עֵינָיו וַיַּרְא וְהִנֵּה אַיִל אַחַר נֶאֱחַז בַּסְּבַךְ בְּקַרְנָיו״. מֶה עָשָׂה אוֹתוֹ הָאַיִל? פָּשַׁט אֶת יָדוֹ וְאָחַז בְּטַלִּיתוֹ שֶׁל אַבְרָהָם אָבִינוּ וְנֶאֱחַז בִּשְׁתֵּי קַרְנוֹתָיו בֵּין הָאִילָנוֹת, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״וַיִּשָּׂא אַבְרָהָם אֶת עֵינָיו וַיַּרְא וְהִנֵּה אַיִל אַחַר״. וְהִבִּיט אַבְרָהָם וְרָאָה הָאַיִל וְהָלַךְ וְהִתִּירוֹ וְהִקְרִיבוֹ תַּחַת יִצְחָק בְּנוֹ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״וַיֵּלֶךְ אַבְרָהָם וַיִּקַּח אֶת הָאַיִל״ וְכוּ'. רַבִּי בְּרֶכְיָה אוֹמֵר: עָלָה קָרְבַּן הָאַיִל לְרֵיחַ נִיחוֹחַ לִפְנֵי הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא כְּאִלּוּ הָיָה רֵיחַ נִיחוֹחַ שֶׁל יִצְחָק, וְנִשְׁבַּע לְבָרְכוֹ בָּעוֹלָם הַזֶּה וּבָעוֹלָם הַבָּא, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״בִּי נִשְׁבַּעְתִּי נְאֻם ה' כִּי בָרֵךְ אֲבָרֶכְךָ וְהַרְבָּה אַרְבֶּה אֶת זַרְעֲךָ כְּכוֹכְבֵי הַשָּׁמַיִם״. ״כִּי בָרֵךְ״ – בָּעוֹלָם הַזֶּה, ״אֲבָרֶכְךָ״ – לָעוֹלָם הַבָּא, ״וְהַרְבָּה אַרְבֶּה אֶת זַרְעֲךָ כְּכוֹכְבֵי הַשָּׁמַיִם״ – לֶעָתִיד לָבֹא. רַבִּי חֲנַנְיָא בֶּן דּוֹסָא אוֹמֵר: אוֹתוֹ הָאַיִל שֶׁנִּבְרָא בֵּין הַשְּׁמָשׁוֹת לֹא יָצָא מִמֶּנּוּ דָּבָר לְבַטָּלָה. אֶפְרוֹ שֶׁל אַיִל הוּא יְסוֹד עַל גַּבֵּי הַמִּזְבֵּחַ הַפְּנִימִי, גִּידֵי הָאַיִל אֵלּוּ עֲשָׂרָה נְבָלִים שֶׁל כִּנּוֹר שֶׁהָיָה דָּוִד מְנַגֵּן בָּהֶם, עוֹרוֹ שֶׁל אַיִל הוּא אֵזוֹר מָתְנָיו שֶׁל אֵלִיָּהוּ זָכוּר לַטּוֹב, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״אִישׁ בַּעַל שֵׂעָר״ וְכוּ', קַרְנָיו שֶׁל אַיִל, שֶׁל שְׂמֹאל שֶׁתָּקַע בּוֹ בְּהַר סִינַי שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״וַיְהִי בִּמְשֹׁךְ בְּקֶרֶן הַיּוֹבֵל״, וְשֶׁל יָמִין שֶׁהִיא גְּדוֹלָה מִשֶּׁל שְׂמֹאל שֶׁהוּא עָתִיד לִתְקֹעַ בָּהּ לֶעָתִיד לָבֹא, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״וְהָיָה בַּיּוֹם הַהוּא יִתָּקַע בְּשׁוֹפָר גָּדוֹל וְהָיָה ה' לְמֶלֶךְ עַל כָּל הָאָרֶץ״.
Rabbi Zechariah said: That ram, which was created at the twilight, ran and came to be offered up instead of Isaac, but Sammael was standing by, and distracting it, in order to annul the offering of our father Abraham. And it was caught by its two horns in the trees, as it is said, "And Abraham lifted up his eyes, and looked, and behold, behind him a ram caught in the thicket by its horns" (Gen. 22:13). What did that ram do? It put forth its leg and took hold of the coat of our father Abraham, and Abraham looked, saw the ram, and he went and set it free. He offered it up instead of Isaac his son, as it is said, "And Abraham went and took the ram, and offered it up for a burnt offering in the stead of his son" (ibid.). Rabbi Berachiah said: The sweet savour (of the ram) ascended before the Holy One, blessed be He, as though it were the sweet savour of Isaac, and He swore that He would bless him in this world and in the world to come, as it is said, "By myself have I sworn, saith the Lord, because thou hast done this thing"; and it says, "That in blessing I will bless thee, and in multiplying I will multiply thy seed, as the stars of the heaven" (Gen. 22:16, 17). "That in blessing" (refers) to this world; "I will bless thee," in the world to come; and "I will greatly multiply thy seed," in the future that is to come. Rabbi Chanina ben Dosa said: From that ram, which was created at the twilight, nothing came forth which was useless. The ashes of the ram were the base which was upon the top of the inner altar. The sinews of the ram were the strings of the harp whereon David played. The ram's skin was the girdle (around) the loins of Elijah, may he be remembered for good, as it is said, "And they answered him, He was an hairy man, and girt with a girdle of leather about his loins" (2 Kings 1:8). The horn of the ram of the left side (was the one) wherein He blew upon Mount Sinai, as it is said, "And it shall come to pass, that when the ram's horn soundeth long" (Josh. 6:5). (The horn) of the right side, which is larger than that of the left, is destined in the future to be sounded in the world that is to come, as it is said, "And it shall come to pass in that day, that a great trumpet shall be blown" (Isa. 27:13); and it is said, "And the Lord shall be king over all the earth" (Zech. 14:9).

