Sanhedrin 21b
סנהדרין כ״א ב — ד"ה אָמַר רָבָא
Sanhedrin 21b:19
The Talmud expounds Deuteronomy 31:19 and derives that although Moses wrote the Torah for Israel, the commandment also applies to each individual: one should write a Torah scroll for oneself. It discusses the practical question of whether purchasing an existing scroll can fulfill the obligation.
אָמַר רָבָא: אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהִנִּיחוּ לוֹ אֲבוֹתָיו לְאָדָם סֵפֶר תּוֹרָה, מִצְוָה לִכְתּוֹב מִשֶּׁלּוֹ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״וְעַתָּה כִּתְבוּ לָכֶם אֶת הַשִּׁירָה״. אֵיתִיבֵיהּ אַבָּיֵי: וְכוֹתֵב לוֹ סֵפֶר תּוֹרָה לִשְׁמוֹ, שֶׁלֹּא יִתְנָאֶה בְּשֶׁל אֲחֵרִים. מֶלֶךְ – אִין, הֶדְיוֹט – לֹא! לָא, צְרִיכָא לִשְׁתֵּי תּוֹרוֹת, וְכִדְתַנְיָא: ״וְכָתַב לוֹ אֶת מִשְׁנֵה וְגוֹ׳״ – כּוֹתֵב לִשְׁמוֹ שְׁתֵּי תּוֹרוֹת: אַחַת שֶׁהִיא יוֹצְאָה וְנִכְנֶסֶת עִמּוֹ, וְאַחַת שֶׁמּוּנַּחַת לוֹ בְּבֵית גְּנָזָיו.
Rava says: With regard to the mitzva for every Jew to write himself a Torah scroll, even if a person’s ancestors left him a Torah scroll, it is a mitzva to write a scroll of one’s own, as it is stated: “Now, therefore, write for yourselves this song and teach it to the children of Israel” (Deuteronomy 31:19). Abaye raised an objection to him from a baraita concerning the king’s Torah scroll: And he writes himself a Torah scroll for his sake, so that he does not beautify himself with the Torah scroll of others. Read precisely, this indicates that a king, yes, he is included in the halakha not to have a scroll inherited from his ancestors suffice, but an ordinary person is not. The Gemara dismisses Abaye’s objection: No, the ruling of that baraita is necessary to teach that the king is commanded to write two Torah scrolls; he writes one scroll as does any Jew, and he writes an additional scroll because he is king. And this is as it is taught in a baraita: The verse states: “That he shall write for himself a second Torah in a scroll, out of that which is before the priests the Levites” (Deuteronomy 17:18). This teaches that he writes for his sake two Torah scrolls, one that goes out and comes in with him at all times, and one that is placed in his treasury.
