Machshavaמחשבה

Tehillim, Prayer, and Torah Study in Distress

Sources explore the spiritual power of reciting Psalms during times of suffering and how it relates to other practices like prayer and Torah study. The texts examine whether Tehillim serves as a complement to or substitute for rigorous Torah engagement when one faces hardship.

יֵשׁ כֹּחַ בַּאֲמִירַת תְּהִלִּים לְהוֹצִיא הַטִּפָּה מֵהַקְּלִפָּה

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What the sources say

The question of Tehillim in times of distress touches two distinct issues: the efficacy of reciting Tehillim as a spiritual power in moments of crisis, and whether such recitation was ever considered by the great authorities as a substitute for Torah study.

Efficacy of Tehillim in distress

Likutei Moharan 205:1 teaches that there is a specific power in the recitation of Tehillim to extract and rectify what has been seized by the forces of impurity, grounding this claim in a gematria correspondence between the word Tehillim and the spiritual forces involved, and stipulating that one must hold this intention in mind while reciting.

Rabbeinu Bahya (Devarim 11:13) establishes that prayer possesses the power to alter nature, save one from danger, and nullify a decree, citing the pasuk in Tehillim describing those who cry out to God from the sea in distress and are answered, as proof that prayer shields a person in times of peril.

Sefat Emet (Bereishit, Vayetzei 22) observes that one who can direct his heart purely toward God in prayer precisely when he is in distress has reached a high spiritual level, since genuine prayer requires the complete self-nullification in which one's troubles recede from before one's eyes.

The Gemara (Berakhot 5a) records that Rava, or some say Rav Hisda, teaches that when a person sees suffering coming upon him he should examine his deeds, connecting the response to distress with introspection, prayer, and Torah engagement as successive spiritual remedies.

The Gemara (Berakhot 10b) recounts that Hezekiah, upon receiving a harsh prophecy, immediately turned to prayer, and that his supplication—rooted in a reckoning of his righteous deeds—serves as a paradigmatic instance of prayer's power to overturn a divine decree in a moment of personal crisis.

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Tehillim versus Torah study

Nefesh HaChayim (Gate IV 2:2) directly addresses this tension, questioning whether reciting Tehillim all day could constitute the highest form of cleaving to God, and answering by invoking the tradition about Rabban Yochanan ben Zakkai, who never left off Scripture, Mishnah, laws, and aggadot—implying that sustained Torah study, not Tehillim recitation alone, defined the ideal of the sages.

The Gemara (Berakhot 5a) presents Torah study as the primary tool against the evil inclination, ranking it above Shema recitation and other practices, a hierarchy that Likutei Moharan 1:1 explicitly cites and builds upon, teaching that through Torah study one gives strength to the kingdom of holiness and that all prayers and petitions are accepted by means of Torah.

The Gemara (Sanhedrin 44b) records that the angel's rebuke to Yehoshua pointed to the neglect of Torah study as the more severe failing, and that Shmuel bar Inya in the name of Rav declared Torah study greater even than the offering of the daily sacrifices—a standard against which supplementary religious practices, including Tehillim recitation, must be measured.

Sulam on Zohar (Introduction 180) affirms that the power of Torah is supreme over all things, such that one who engages in Torah fears neither heavenly nor earthly forces nor any illness, because he is grasped to the Tree of Life and learns from it each day—a claim that implicitly subordinates other recitations to the unique protective force of Torah study.

The Tanya (Likkutei Amarim 37) describes Torah study as an act of 'calling' to the Holy One to draw near, drawing down illumination from the Ein Sof upon one's soul and upon all of Israel, a quality not attributed to Tehillim recitation, suggesting the two practices occupy categorically different spiritual registers.

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Source 1 · Chazal
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Berakhot 5a

ברכות ה׳ א — ד"ה אָמַר רַבִּי לֵוִי בַּר חָמָא

Berakhot 5a:2

The sugya teaches that if one is pained, one should examine one’s deeds, and if that does not help, engage in Torah study. This is central for comparing the remedies of distress, and it helps frame Tehillim as supplication rather than a replacement for Torah.

אָמַר רַבִּי לֵוִי בַּר חָמָא, אָמַר רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן לָקִישׁ: לְעוֹלָם יַרְגִּיז אָדָם יֵצֶר טוֹב עַל יֵצֶר הָרַע, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״רִגְזוּ וְאַל תֶּחֱטָאוּ״ אִם נִצְּחוֹ — מוּטָב, וְאִם לָאו — יַעֲסוֹק בַּתּוֹרָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״אִמְרוּ בִלְבַבְכֶם״. אִם נִצְּחוֹ — מוּטָב, וְאִם לָאו — יִקְרָא קְרִיאַת שְׁמַע, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״עַל מִשְׁכַּבְכֶם״. אִם נִצְּחוֹ — מוּטָב, וְאִם לָאו — יִזְכּוֹר לוֹ יוֹם הַמִּיתָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״וְדֹמּוּ סֶלָה״. אָמַר רָבָא, וְאִיתֵּימָא רַב חִסְדָּא: אִם רוֹאֶה אָדָם שֶׁיִּסּוּרִין בָּאִין עָלָיו — יְפַשְׁפֵּשׁ בְּמַעֲשָׂיו, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״נַחְפְּשָׂה דְרָכֵינוּ וְנַחְקֹרָה וְנָשׁוּבָה עַד ה׳״. פִּשְׁפֵּשׁ וְלֹא מָצָא — יִתְלֶה בְּבִטּוּל תּוֹרָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״אַשְׁרֵי הַגֶּבֶר אֲשֶׁר תְּיַסְּרֶנּוּ יָּהּ וּמִתּוֹרָתְךָ תְלַמְּדֶנּוּ״.

Incidental to the verse, “Tremble, and do not sin,” the Gemara mentions that Rabbi Levi bar Ḥama said that Rabbi Shimon ben Lakish said: One should always incite his good inclination against his evil inclination, i.e., that one must constantly struggle so that his evil inclination does not lead him to transgression, as it is stated: "Tremble, and do not sin." If one succeeds and subdues his evil inclination, excellent, but if he does not succeed in subduing it, he should study Torah, as alluded to in the verse: “Say to your heart.” If he subdues his evil inclination, excellent; if not, he should recite Shema, which contains the acceptance of the yoke of God, and the concept of reward and punishment, as it is stated in the verse: “Upon your bed,” which alludes to Shema, where it says: “When you lie down.” If he subdues his evil inclination, excellent; if not, he should remind himself of the day of death, whose silence is alluded to in the continuation of the verse: “And be still, Selah.” Previously, the Gemara discussed suffering that results from one’s transgressions. The Gemara shifts the focus and discusses suffering that does not result from one’s transgressions and the suffering of the righteous. Rava, and some say Rav Ḥisda, said: If a person sees that suffering has befallen him, he should examine his actions. Generally, suffering comes about as punishment for one’s transgressions, as it is stated: “We will search and examine our ways, and return to God” (Lamentations 3:40). If he examined his ways and found no transgression for which that suffering is appropriate, he may attribute his suffering to dereliction in the study of Torah. God punishes an individual for dereliction in the study of Torah in order to emphasize the gravity of the issue, as it is stated: “Happy is the man whom You punish, Lord, and teach out of Your law” (Psalms 94:12). This verse teaches us that his suffering will cause him to return to Your law.

Source 2 · Chazal
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Berakhot 32b:1

ברכות ל״ב ב — ד"ה אָמַר רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר

Berakhot 32b:1

Prayer is greater than good deeds, as even Moshe Rabbeinu, who performed the greatest good deeds, was answered only through prayer; and one who extends his prayer will not have his prayer return empty.

גְּדוֹלָה תְּפִלָּה יוֹתֵר מִמַּעֲשִׂים טוֹבִים, שֶׁאֵין לְךָ גָּדוֹל בְּמַעֲשִׂים טוֹבִים יוֹתֵר מִמֹּשֶׁה רַבֵּינוּ, אַף עַל פִּי כֵן לֹא נַעֲנָה אֶלָּא בִּתְפִלָּה. כׇּל הַמַּאֲרִיךְ בִּתְפִלָּתוֹ, אֵין תְּפִלָּתוֹ חוֹזֶרֶת רֵיקָם.

Source 3 · Chazal
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Sotah 49a

סוטה מ״ט א — ד"ה אָמַר רַבִּי אִילְעָא בַּר יְבֶרֶכְיָה

Sotah 49a:2

Rabbi Ile'a bar Yeverekhya states that David's prayer sustained Israel and prevented them from debased occupations, and that Habakkuk's prayer prevented Torah scholars from having to share a single garment due to poverty; Rabbi Yehuda son of Rabbi Ḥiyya adds that any Torah scholar studying despite financial hardship has his prayer heard by God.

אָמַר רַבִּי אִילְעָא בַּר יְבֶרֶכְיָה: אִלְמָלֵא תְּפִלָּתוֹ שֶׁל דָּוִד, הָיוּ כׇּל יִשְׂרָאֵל מוֹכְרֵי רְבָב, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״שִׁיתָה ה׳ מוֹרָה לָהֶם״. וְאָמַר רַבִּי אִילְעָא בַּר יְבֶרֶכְיָה: אִלְמָלֵא תְּפִלָּתוֹ שֶׁל חֲבַקּוּק, הָיוּ שְׁנֵי תַּלְמִידֵי חֲכָמִים מִתְכַּסִּים בְּטַלִּית אַחַת וְעוֹסְקִין בַּתּוֹרָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״ה׳ שָׁמַעְתִּי שִׁמְעֲךָ יָרֵאתִי ה׳ פׇּעׇלְךָ בְּקֶרֶב שָׁנִים חַיֵּיהוּ״. אַל תִּקְרָא ״בְּקֶרֶב שָׁנִים״, אֶלָּא ״בְּקֵרוּב שְׁנַיִם״. אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוּדָה בְּרֵיהּ דְּרַבִּי חִיָּיא: כׇּל תַּלְמִיד חָכָם הָעוֹסֵק בַּתּוֹרָה מִתּוֹךְ הַדְּחָק — תְּפִלָּתוֹ נִשְׁמַעַת, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״כִּי עַם בְּצִיּוֹן יֵשֵׁב בִּירוּשָׁלִָם בָּכוֹ לֹא תִבְכֶּה חָנוֹן יׇחְנְךָ לְקוֹל זַעֲקֶךָ כְּשׇׁמְעָתוֹ עָנָךְ״, וּכְתִיב בָּתְרֵיהּ: ״וְנָתַן ה׳ לָכֶם לֶחֶם צָר וּמַיִם לָחַץ״.

§ Rabbi Ile’a bar Yeverekhya says: If it were not for the prayer of David for Israel to have sustenance, all Israel would be sellers of fat [revav], i.e., involved in debased occupations, as it is stated: “Place for them mastery, O Lord” (Psalms 9:21), that is, may God grant them dignity. And Rabbi Ile’a bar Yeverekhya also says: If it were not for the prayer of Habakkuk, two Torah scholars would have to cover themselves with a single cloak due to poverty and engage in Torah study dressed that way, as it is stated: “Lord, I heard Your report and was afraid; O Lord, revive Your work in the midst of the years” (Habakkuk 3:2). Do not read: “In the midst [bekerev] of the years [shanim],” but in the closeness [bikrov] of two [shenayim]. In other words, Habakkuk prayed that God would nullify His decree of two Torah scholars having to share a single cloak. Rabbi Yehuda, son of Rabbi Ḥiyya, says: With regard to any Torah scholar who engages in Torah study while experiencing the pressure of poverty, his prayer is listened to, as it is stated: “For, O people that dwells in Zion at Jerusalem, you shall weep no more; He will surely be gracious to you at the voice of your cry. When He shall hear, He will answer you” (Isaiah 30:19), and after it is written: “And the Lord shall give you sparse bread and scant water” (Isaiah 30:20). This verse indicates that those who sit and study Torah, that is, the people who dwell in Zion, and eat bread sparingly, will have their prayers answered by God.

Source 4 · Chazal
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Berakhot 10b

ברכות י׳ ב — ד"ה מִיָּד ״וַיַּסֵּב חִזְקִיָּהוּ פָּנָיו אֶל הַקִּיר

Berakhot 10b:2

When Hezekiah received Isaiah's harsh prophecy, he immediately turned to prayer, and Rabbi Levi explains that Hezekiah built his supplication around the merit of having constructed the Temple with precious metals, arguing that if God revived the son of the Shunammite woman who made only a small wall for Elisha, He should surely grant life to the descendant of Solomon who covered the entire Sanctuary with silver and gold.

מִיָּד ״וַיַּסֵּב חִזְקִיָּהוּ פָּנָיו אֶל הַקִּיר וַיִּתְפַּלֵּל אֶל ה׳״. רַבִּי לֵוִי אָמַר: עַל עִסְקֵי הַקִּיר, אָמַר לְפָנָיו: רִבּוֹנוֹ שֶׁל עוֹלָם, וּמָה שׁוּנַמִּית שֶׁלֹּא עָשְׂתָה אֶלָּא קִיר אַחַת קְטַנָּה הֶחֱיֵיתָ אֶת בְּנָהּ, אֲבִי אַבָּא שֶׁחִפָּה אֶת הַהֵיכָל כּוּלּוֹ בְּכֶסֶף וּבְזָהָב עַל אַחַת כַּמָּה וְכַמָּה. ״זְכָר נָא אֵת אֲשֶׁר הִתְהַלַּכְתִּי לְפָנֶיךָ בֶּאֱמֶת וּבְלֵב שָׁלֵם וְהַטּוֹב בְּעֵינֶיךָ עָשִׂיתִי״.

Having heard Isaiah’s harsh prophecy, immediately “Hezekiah turned his face toward the wall and prayed to the Lord” (Isaiah 38:2). Rabbi Levi said: Hezekiah intended to evoke matters relating to a wall, and he said before God: Master of the Universe, and if the woman from Shunem, who made only a single small wall on the roof for the prophet Elisha, and you revived her son, all the more so should you bring life to the descendant of my father’s father, King Solomon, who covered the entire Temple Sanctuary with silver and gold. In his prayer, Hezekiah said: “Please, Lord, please remember that I walked before You in truth, and with a complete heart, and what was good in Your eyes I did. And Hezekiah wept sore” (Isaiah 38:3).

Source 5 · Chazal
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Devarim Rabbah 2:4

דברים רבה ב׳:ד׳

Devarim Rabbah 2:4

Rabbi Tanḥuma interprets the phrase "the poor speaks supplications" as referring to Moshe, who approached his Creator with supplications, and notes that neither Moshe nor Yeshayahu—the greatest of the prophets—came before God except through supplications.

תַּחֲנוּנִים יְדַבֶּר רָשׁ וְעָשִׁיר יַעֲנֶה עַזּוֹת, אָמַר רַבִּי תַּנְחוּמָא תַּחֲנוּנִים יְדַבֶּר רָשׁ, זֶה משֶׁה, שֶׁבָּא אֵצֶל בּוֹרְאוֹ בְּתַחֲנוּנִים. אֵין לְךָ גָּדוֹל בַּנְּבִיאִים מִמּשֶׁה וִישַׁעְיָה, וּשְׁנֵיהֶם לֹא בָּאוּ אֶלָּא בְּתַחֲנוּנִים, יְשַׁעְיָה אָמַר (ישעיה לג, ב): וּמשֶׁה אָמַר וָאֶתְחַנַּן אֶל ה'.

Source 6 · Chazal
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Sanhedrin 44b

סנהדרין מ״ד ב — ד"ה אֲמַר לֵיהּ

Sanhedrin 44b:1

The Gemara teaches that neglecting Torah study is a more severe sin than neglecting sacrificial offerings, as demonstrated by an angel's rebuke to Joshua for both offenses, with the angel's delayed arrival indicating that Torah study's neglect warranted greater reproach, leading Joshua to spend the night immersed in the depths of halakha to atone for his lapse.

אֲמַר לֵיהּ: אֶמֶשׁ בִּיטַּלְתֶּם תָּמִיד שֶׁל בֵּין הָעַרְבַּיִם, וְעַכְשָׁיו בִּיטַּלְתֶּם תַּלְמוּד תּוֹרָה. עַל אֵיזֶה מֵהֶן בָּאתָ? אֲמַר לֵיהּ: ״עַתָּה בָּאתִי״. מִיָּד ״וַיָּלֶן יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בַּלַּיְלָה הַהוּא בְּתוֹךְ הָעֵמֶק״, וְאָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן: מְלַמֵּד שֶׁלָּן בְּעוּמְקָהּ שֶׁל הֲלָכָה. אָמַר שְׁמוּאֵל בַּר אִינְיָא מִשְּׁמֵיהּ דְּרַב: גָּדוֹל תַּלְמוּד תּוֹרָה יוֹתֵר מֵהַקְרָבַת תְּמִידִין, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״עַתָּה בָאתִי״.

The Gemara understands the words of the angel that Joshua encountered as a rebuke for some offense Joshua committed: The angel said to Joshua: Yesterday, in the afternoon, you neglected sacrificing the daily afternoon offering because you were engaged in warfare, and now, when it is dark, you neglected Torah study. Joshua asked him: For which of these sins have you come to reprove me? The angel said to him: “I have now come,” i.e., the fact that I did not come before, but waited until now, when it is dark, indicates that the sin of neglecting Torah study is the more severe one. Joshua immediately acted to rectify the matter by deciding that he must devote more time to Torah study, as it is stated: “And Joshua lodged that night” (Joshua 8:9) “into the midst of the valley [ha’emek]” (Joshua 8:13). And Rabbi Yoḥanan says: This teaches that he lodged all night in the depth [be’omekah] of halakha, thereby atoning for his previous neglect of Torah study. Shmuel bar Unya says in the name of Rav: Torah study is greater than the sacrificing of the daily offerings, as it is stated: “I have now come,” demonstrating that the neglect of Torah study is a more serious offense than the neglect of the daily offerings.

Source 7 · Chazal
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Sulam on Zohar, Introduction 180

הסולם על ספר הזהר, הקדמה ק״פ

Sulam on Zohar, Introduction 180

One who engages in Torah is not afraid of celestial or terrestrial forces or of the world's afflictions, because they cleave to the tree of life and learn from it daily.

בוא וראה, כמה חזק כח התורה, וכמה היא עליונה על הכל. כי כל מי שעוסק בתורה, אינו ירא מעליונים ומתחתונים, ואינו ירא מחליים רעים שבעולם, מפני שהוא אחוז בעץ החיים, ולומד ממנו בכל יום.

Source 8 · Chazal
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Berakhot 10a

ברכות י׳ א

Berakhot 10a:2

Rabbi Meir prayed for the death of wicked men troubling him, but his wife Berurya corrected him, arguing from Psalms 104:35 that one should pray for sins to cease, not for sinners to perish, and David recited Hallel only after witnessing the actual downfall of the wicked.

הָנְהוּ בִּרְיוֹנֵי דַּהֲווֹ בְּשִׁבָבוּתֵיהּ דְּרַבִּי מֵאִיר וַהֲווֹ קָא מְצַעֲרוּ לֵיהּ טוּבָא. הֲוָה קָא בָּעֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר רַחֲמֵי עִלָּוַיְהוּ כִּי הֵיכִי דְּלֵימוּתוּ. אָמְרָה לֵיהּ בְּרוּרְיָא דְּבֵיתְהוּ: מַאי דַּעְתָּךְ — מִשּׁוּם דִּכְתִיב ״יִתַּמּוּ חַטָּאִים״, מִי כְּתִיב ״חוֹטְאִים״? ״חַטָּאִים״ כְּתִיב. רָאָה בְּמַפַּלְתָּן שֶׁל רְשָׁעִים, וְאָמַר שִׁירָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״יִתַּמּוּ חַטָּאִים מִן הָאָרֶץ וּרְשָׁעִים עוֹד אֵינָם בָּרְכִי נַפְשִׁי אֶת ה׳ הַלְלוּיָהּ״.

With regard to the statement of Rabbi Yehuda, son of Rabbi Shimon ben Pazi, that David did not say Halleluya until he saw the downfall of the wicked, the Gemara relates: There were these hooligans in Rabbi Meir’s neighborhood who caused him a great deal of anguish. Rabbi Meir prayed for God to have mercy on them, that they should die. Rabbi Meir’s wife, Berurya, said to him: What is your thinking? On what basis do you pray for the death of these hooligans? Do you base yourself on the verse, as it is written: “Let sins cease from the land” (Psalms 104:35), which you interpret to mean that the world would be better if the wicked were destroyed? But is it written, let sinners cease?” Let sins cease, is written. One should pray for an end to their transgressions, not for the demise of the transgressors themselves. He witnessed in both vision and reality the downfall of the wicked and he said a song of praise, as it is stated: “Let sinners cease from the earth, and let the wicked be no more. Bless the Lord, O my soul, Halleluya” (Psalms 104:35).

Source 9 · Rishonim
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Rabbeinu Bahya, Devarim 11:13

Rabbeinu Bahya, Devarim 11:13

Prayer possesses great power even to alter nature, escape danger, and nullify decrees, as evidenced by the account in Tehillim of sailors in distress at sea who cry out to God and are saved when the storm ceases, demonstrating that prayer shields one from danger.

וצריך אתה לדעת כי כח התפלה גדול אפילו לשנות הטבע ולהנצל מן הסכנה ולבטל הנגזר. להנצל מן הסכנה ממה שכתוב (תהילים ק״ז:כ״ה-כ״ו) יורדי הים באניות וגו', ויאמר ויעמד רוח סערה ותרומם גליו, יעלו שמים ירדו תהומות נפשם ברעה תתמוגג, ויצעקו אל ה' בצר להם, וכתיב בתריה יקם סערה לדממה ויחשו גליהם, ומכאן שהתפלה מגינה על הסכנה.

Source 10 · Rishonim
Verified

Duties of the Heart, Seventh Treatise on Repentance 5-6

חובות הלבבות, שער שביעי - שער התשובה ה׳-ו׳

Duties of the Heart, Seventh Treatise on Repentance 5-6

This section stresses crying out to Hashem, heartfelt return, and the role of brokenhearted prayer in awakening mercy. It is relevant to the spiritual efficacy of Tehillim during trouble.

וְהָרְבִיעִי הַבְּכִי וְהַצְּעָקָה וְהָאֵבֶל מִתְחָרֵט עַל מָה שֶׁקָּדַם לוֹ מִן הַחֵטְא כְּמוֹ שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (תהלים קיט) פַּלְגֵי מַיִם יָרְדוּ עֵינָי עַל לֹא שָׁמְרוּ תוֹרָתֶךָ וְאָמַר (יואל ב) בֵּין הָאוּלָם וְלַמִּזְבֵּחַ יִבְכּוּ הַכֹּהֲנִים מְשָׁרְתֵי ה׳. וְהַשְּׁלִישִׁי שֶׁיִּתְעַנֶּה בַּיּוֹם וְיִתְפַּלֵּל בַּלַּיְלָה עֵת שֶׁלִּבּוֹ פָּנוּי וְאֵין לוֹ טִרְדָּה בְּעִסְקֵי הָעוֹלָם כמ״ש (איכה ב) קוּמִי רֹנִּי בַלַּיְלָה. וַאֲנִי עָתִיד לְבָאֵר מַעֲלַת תְּפִלַּת הַלַּיְלָה בְּעֶזְרַת הַשֵּׁם. וְהָרְבִיעִי שֶׁיִּתְחַנֵּן אֶל הָאֱלֹהִים וְיַעֲטֹף אֵלָיו תָּמִיד לְכַפֵּר עֲוֹנֹתָיו וְלִמְחֹל לוֹ וּלְקַבֵּל תְּשׁוּבָתוֹ כמ״ש (תהלים לב) חַטָּאתִי אוֹדִיעֲךָ וַעֲוֹנִי לֹא כִסִּיתִי וְגוֹ׳ וְאָמַר (שם) עַל זֹאת יִתְפַּלֵּל כָּל חָסִיד אֵלֶיךָ לְעֵת מְצֹא.

(4) By tears, lamentations, and mourning, the penitent should express remorse for the sin he had committed, as written "Rivers of waters run down my eyes because they did not keep Your commandments" (Tehilim 119:136), and "Let the priests, the ministers of the L-ord, weep between the porch and the altar" (Yoel 2:17) (3) He should fast by day and pray at night, the time when his mind is free and he is not distracted by secular matters, as written "Arise, cry out in the night, [.. Pour out your heart like water before the presence of the L-ord]" (Eicha 2:19). I will later explain the greatness of prayer at night, with G-d's help (Gate 10 chapter 6). (4) That one pleas to G-d and constantly beseeches Him to atone for his sins, forgive him, and accept his repentance, as written "Therefore, let every one who is pious pray to You at the time that You are found" (Tehilim 32:6), and "I acknowledged my sin to You, And my iniquity I did not hide; I said, 'I will confess my transgressions to the L-ord'; And You forgave the guilt of my sin" (Tehilim 32:5).

Source 11 · Rishonim
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Yalkut Shimoni on Nach 77:12

Yalkut Shimoni on Nach 77:12

One who experiences distress loses appetite for food, as evidenced by the psalmist's statement "my tears have been my bread day and night" and Elkanah's question to Channah "why do you weep and why do you not eat," demonstrating that weeping itself serves as nourishment during suffering.

כתבי היתה לי דמעתי לחם יומם מכאן אתה למד שהצרה משבעת לאדם ואינו מבקש לאכול, וכן אלקנה אומר חנה למה תבכי ולמה לא תאכלי מכאן שהבכיה מאכילה:

Source 12 · Acharonim
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Nefesh HaChayim, Gate IV 2:2

Nefesh HaChayim, Gate IV 2:2

Reciting Tehillim properly all day is an exceptionally powerful means of cleaving to the Divine, yet the passage notes that the sages did not find this to be the practice of Rav Zalman (Reb Zalman), who did not abandon the study of Scripture, Mishnah, laws, and Aggadot.

הלא אין דביקות יותר נפלא מאמירת תהלים כראוי כל היום. ולא כן מצינו לרז"ל שאמרו על ריב"ז שלא הניח מקרא משנה הלכות ואגדות כו'.

Source 13 · Acharonim
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Berakhot 4a

ברכות ד׳ א — ד"ה אָמַר רַב יִצְחָק בַּר אַדָּא

Berakhot 4a:3

A passage describes how David's lyre would awaken him at midnight to engage in Torah study until dawn, and how David demonstrated his piety by rising at midnight to pray and give thanks, unlike other kings who slept until the third hour of the day.

אָמַר רַב יִצְחָק בַּר אַדָּא, וְאָמְרִי לַהּ אָמַר רַב יִצְחָק בְּרֵיהּ דְּרַב אִידִי: מַאי קְרָא ״עוּרָה כְבוֹדִי עוּרָה הַנֵּבֶל וְכִנּוֹר אָעִירָה שָּׁחַר״. ״לְדָוִד, שָׁמְרָה נַפְשִׁי כִּי חָסִיד אָנִי״. לֵוִי וְרַבִּי יִצְחָק. חַד אָמַר: כָּךְ אָמַר דָּוִד לִפְנֵי הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא: רִבּוֹנוֹ שֶׁל עוֹלָם, לֹא חָסִיד אֲנִי? שֶׁכָּל מַלְכֵי מִזְרָח וּמַעֲרָב יְשֵׁנִים עַד שָׁלֹשׁ שָׁעוֹת, וַאֲנִי ״חֲצוֹת לַיְלָה אָקוּם לְהוֹדוֹת לְךָ״.

Rav Yitzḥak bar Adda, and some say Rav Yitzḥak, son of Rav Idi, said: From what verse is it derived that David’s lyre would wake him at midnight? “Awake, my glory; awake, harp and lyre; I will wake the dawn” (Psalms 57:9). This means that the playing lyre has already woken, and now I must engage in Torah study until dawn. The Gemara further explores King David’s character. It is said: “A prayer of David…Keep my soul, for I am pious” (Psalms 86:1–2). Levi and Rabbi Yitzḥak debated the meaning of this verse and how David’s piety is manifest in the fact that he went beyond his fundamental obligations. One said: David’s declaration of piety referred to his awakening during the night to pray, and so said David before the Holy One, Blessed be He: Master of the Universe, am I not pious? As all of the kings of the East and the West sleep until the third hour of the day, but although I am a king like them, “At midnight I rise to give thanks” (Psalms 119:62).

Source 14 · Hasidic
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Likutei Moharan 205:1

Likutei Moharan 205:1

There is power in reciting Tehillim to extract a holy spark from impure forces that have captured it, because Tehillim equals in gematria Lilith together with the five letters of her name (the entity in charge of this matter), and one should direct intention when reciting Tehillim, which equals gematria 485, corresponding to the numerical value of two divine names.

כִּי יֵשׁ כֹּחַ בַּאֲמִירַת תְּהִלִּים לְהוֹצִיא הַטִּפָּה מֵהַקְּלִפָּה שֶׁלָּקְחָה אוֹתָהּ, כִּי תְּהִלִּים בְּגִימַטְרִיָּא לִילִית עִם הַחֲמֵשׁ אוֹתִיּוֹת שֶׁל שְׁמָהּ, שֶׁהִיא הַמְמֻנָּה עַל זֶה, כַּיָּדוּעַ. וְצָרִיךְ לְכַוֵּן בִּשְׁעַת אֲמִירַת תְּהִלִּים, שֶׁתְּהִלִּים בְּגִימַטְרִיָּא תפ"ה, שֶׁהוּא מְכֻוָּן כְּמִסְפַּר הַשְּׁנֵי שֵׁמוֹת:

Source 15 · Hasidic
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Likutei Moharan 1:1

ליקוטי מוהר"ן א׳ — ד"ה (תהלים קיט) אַשְׁרֵי תְמִימֵי

Likutei Moharan 1:1

Through Torah study, all prayers and requests are received, the honor and importance of Israel are elevated before all who are needed (whether in spiritual or material matters), and the kingdom of holiness is strengthened.

דַּע כִּי עַל יְדֵי הַתּוֹרָה נִתְקַבְּלִים כָּל הַתְּפִלּוֹת וְכָל הַבַּקָּשׁוֹת שֶׁאָנוּ מְבַקְּשִׁים וּמִתְפַּלְּלִים, וְהַחֵן וְהַחֲשִׁיבוּת שֶׁל יִשְׂרָאֵל נִתְעַלֶּה וְנִתְרוֹמֵם בִּפְנֵי כָּל מִי שֶׁצְּרִיכִין, הֵן בְּרוּחָנִי הֵן בְּגַשְׁמִי; וְעַל־יְדֵי מַה נוֹתֵן כֹּחַ לְמַּלְכוּת דִּקְדֻשָּׁה, עַל־יְדֵי הַתּוֹרָה שֶׁהוּא עוֹסֵק בְּכֹחַ (כְּמוֹ שֶׁאָמְרוּ רַבּוֹתֵינוּ זִכְרוֹנָם לִבְרָכָה שָׁם: לְעוֹלָם יַרְגִּיז וְכוּ', אִי אָזִיל – מוּטָב, וְאִם לָאו – יַעֲסֹק בַּתּוֹרָה).

Source 16 · Hasidic
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Sefat Emet, Exodus, Beshalach 5:2

Sefat Emet, Exodus, Beshalach 5:2

The Jewish people take pride in their heritage, which grants them the power of prayer to draw close to God during times of distress, receiving all their needs from God through prayer and the voice of Torah, and this service of prayer constitutes true pride that is included within God's own pride.

ובנ"י מתגאין בירושתן שיש להם זה הכח של תפילה שיכולין להתקרב להש"י בעת צרתם. רק שיקבלו כל צרכיהם מהש"י ע"י תפילה וקול תורה ועבודה זו תפילה והוא גיאות של אמת שנכלל בגיאות הקב"ה.

Source 17 · Hasidic
Verified

Tanya 37

תניא, חלק ראשון; ליקוטי אמרים ל״ז — ד"ה וְהִנֵּה

Tanya, Part I; Likkutei Amarim 37:28

Through Torah study, one draws divine illumination upon one's soul and all Israel's souls (called the Shechinah), and this "calling" invokes the Holy One to draw near, which is distinct from merely crying out without Torah engagement, since true calling to God occurs specifically through Torah study as understood from the verse "The Lord is close to all that call upon Him…to all who call upon Him in truth," where truth refers exclusively to Torah.

וְהִנֵּה, הַמְשָׁכָה וְהֶאָרָה זוֹ שֶׁהָאָדָם מַמְשִׁיךְ וּמֵאִיר מֵהֶאָרַת אוֹר־אֵין־סוֹף בָּרוּךְ־הוּא עַל נַפְשׁוֹ, וְעַל נַפְשׁוֹת כָּל יִשְׂרָאֵל, הִיא הַשְּׁכִינָה, כְּנֶסֶת יִשְׂרָאֵל, מְקוֹר כָּל נִשְׁמוֹת יִשְׂרָאֵל כְּמוֹ שֶׁיִּתְבָּאֵר לְקַמָּן, עַל יְדֵי עֵסֶק הַתּוֹרָה – נִקְרֵאת בִּלְשׁוֹן ״קְרִיאָה״ – ״קוֹרֵא בַּתּוֹרָה״, פֵּירוּשׁ, שֶׁעַל יְדֵי עֵסֶק הַתּוֹרָה קוֹרֵא לְהַקָּדוֹשׁ־בָּרוּךְ־הוּא לָבוֹא אֵלָיו, כִּבְיָכוֹל, כְּאָדָם הַקּוֹרֵא לַחֲבֵירוֹ שֶׁיָּבֹא אֵלָיו, וּכְבֵן קָטָן הַקּוֹרֵא לְאָבִיו לָבֹא אֵלָיו לִהְיוֹת עִמּוֹ בְּצַוְותָּא חֲדָא, וְלֹא לִיפָּרֵד מִמֶּנּוּ וְלִישָּׁאֵר יְחִידִי חַס וְשָׁלוֹם. וְזֶהוּ שֶׁכָּתוּב: ״קָרוֹב ה׳ לְכָל קוֹרְאָיו לְכֹל אֲשֶׁר יִקְרָאוּהוּ בֶאֱמֶת״ – ״וְאֵין אֱמֶת אֶלָּא תּוֹרָה״, דְּהַיְינוּ, שֶׁקּוֹרֵא לְהַקָּדוֹשׁ־בָּרוּךְ־הוּא עַל יְדֵי הַתּוֹרָה דַּוְקָא, לְאַפּוּקֵי – מִי שֶׁקּוֹרֵא אוֹתוֹ שֶׁלֹּא עַל יְדֵי עֵסֶק הַתּוֹרָה, אֶלָּא צוֹעֵק כָּךְ: אַבָּא! אַבָּא! וּכְמוֹ שֶׁקּוֹבֵל עָלָיו הַנָּבִיא: ״וְאֵין קוֹרֵא בְשִׁמְךָ כוּ׳״, וּכְמוֹ שֶׁנִּתְבָּאֵר בְּמָקוֹם אַחֵר. וּמִזֶּה יִתְבּוֹנֵן הַמַּשְׂכִּיל, לְהַמְשִׁיךְ עָלָיו יִרְאָה גְדוֹלָה בִּשְׁעַת עֵסֶק הַתּוֹרָה, כְּמוֹ שֶׁנִּתְבָּאֵר לְעֵיל [פֶּרֶק כ״ג]:

This influence and illumination which man, by means of his occupation with the Torah, draws from the reflected light of the En Sof, blessed is He, and causes to shine on his soul and on the souls of all Israel, which is the Shechinah, Keneset Israel, the fount of all the souls of Israel, as will be explained later—is termed “keriah” (“calling”); hence korei baTorah [“calling by means of the Torah”]. This means that through one’s occupation with the Torah one calls to the Holy One, blessed is He, to come to him, to use an anthropomorphism, like a person calling to his companion to come to him, or like a child calling his father to come and join him, so that he should not be separated from him and remain alone, G–d forbid. This is the meaning of the text, “The L–rd is close to all that call upon Him; to all who call upon Him in truth,” and “‘Truth’ applies only to the Torah.” The meaning is thus rendered in the sense of calling to the Holy One, blessed is He, specifically through the Torah. It is different, however, when one does not call Him through occupation in the Torah, but merely cries: “Father! Father!” as the prophet laments over him, “And no one calls in Your name…,” as is explained elsewhere. The intelligent person should ponder on this in order to inculcate into himself a great reverence at the time of his occupation with the Torah, as has been previously explained [ch. 23].

Source 18 · Hasidic
Verified

Sefat Emet, Genesis, Vayetzei 22

שפת אמת, בראשית, ויצא כ״ב

Sefat Emet, Genesis, Vayetzei 22

When a person is able to direct his heart toward prayer while in distress, this constitutes a high level of achievement, since prayer for the sake of Heaven requires that no other intention become mixed into it, and such focus demonstrates that the person nullifies himself before God and forgets all his desires and troubles when standing before Him in prayer.

כי הנה אמרו חז"ל יעקב תיקן תפלת ערבית. פי' מי שיכול לכוין לבו לתפלה כשהוא בצרה. הוא מדריגה גדולה. כי התפלה לשם שמים צריך שלא יתערב בו כונה אחרת. ולכן זה סימן שכל האדם מבטל עצמו לשמו ית' וכשעומד לפניו בתפלה שוכח כל המבוקש שלו וכל הצרות נסתמו מעיניו.

Source 19 · Hasidic
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Sefat Emet, Psalms, Purim

שפת אמת, שמות, לפורים — תרל"ד

Sefat Emet, Exodus, For Purim:2

The passage teaches that when Mordechai returned to the king's gate, he repented through shame before God; the righteous demonstrate humility and cry out in complete faith during distress even when they know God will certainly save them, because such wholehearted prayer is the means through which salvation comes, and one who does not cry out this way will not truly receive deliverance.

וישב מרדכי אל שער המלך כו'. אמרו חז"ל ששב לשקו ותעניתו. פי' וישב ששב בתשובה. כי כן דרך הצדיק על ידי שעוזר לו השי"ת. מכניע עצמו ביותר על ידי הבושה מלפניו ית'. ומרדכי נצטער שגרם הוא כל הגזירה. ועתה עשה לו השי"ת חסד כזה. נתבייש עוד יותר. ושב. כי וודאי אין התשובה ע"י הבושה כמו מקודם. שיש ב' הכנעות. א' ע"י שפלות. והב' ע"י גדלות כמ"ש במ"א. וזהו ההפרש בין הצדיק לרשע דכתיב ויצא המן כו' שמח וטוב לב ע"י הסעודה. וזה הי' מפלתו. אבל במרדכי נאמר וישב כנ"ל. עוד נראה כי מרדכי ידע שהשי"ת יעזור לבני ישראל בוודאי כמ"ש רוח והצלה כו'. וכ"כ ידע את כל אשר נעשה כו'. רק שכן דרך כל הצדיקים שאף שיודעין הישועה מ"מ יכולין לצעוק בלב שלם ממש כמו אם לא היה יודע. ולמי שאינו כן אין מראין לו הישועה באמת. וזה תליא באמונה שלימה שמבטל כל השכל להשי"ת ויודע ומאמין שאין סתירה מכל זה שהישועה בא ע"י צעקת האדם. אף כי השי"ת לא יעזוב בני ישראל בלי ספק. מ"מ צריכין לצעוק בעת צרה כמ"ש עת צרה כו' וממנה יושע:

Source 20 · Hasidic
Verified

Tanya 33

תניא, חלק ראשון; ליקוטי אמרים ל״ג — ד"ה עוֹד זֹאת תִּהְיֶה שִׂמְחַת הַנֶּפֶשׁ הָאֲמִיתִּית

Tanya, Part I; Likkutei Amarim 33:1

The chapter describes the immense value of verbal expression in arousing love and awe of Hashem and strengthening one’s bond with Him. It is relevant to the Hasidic understanding of devotional speech, including Tehillim, as spiritually elevating in moments of distress.

עוֹד זֹאת תִּהְיֶה שִׂמְחַת הַנֶּפֶשׁ הָאֲמִיתִּית, וּבִפְרָט כְּשֶׁרוֹאֶה בְּנַפְשׁוֹ בְּעִתִּים מְזוּמָּנִים שֶׁצָּרִיךְ לְזַכְּכָהּ וּלְהָאִירָהּ בְּשִׂמְחַת לֵבָב, אֲזַי יַעֲמִיק מַחֲשַׁבְתּוֹ וִיצַיֵּיר בְּשִׂכְלוֹ וּבִינָתוֹ עִנְיַן יִחוּדוֹ יִתְבָּרֵךְ הָאֲמִיתִּי, אֵיךְ הוּא מְמַלֵּא כָּל עָלְמִין עֶלְיוֹנִים וְתַחְתּוֹנִים, וַאֲפִילוּ מְלֹא כָּל הָאָרֶץ הַלֶּזוּ הוּא כְּבוֹדוֹ יִתְבָּרֵךְ, וְכוּלָּא קַמֵּיהּ כְּלָא חֲשִׁיב מַמָּשׁ, וְהוּא לְבַדּוֹ הוּא בָּעֶלְיוֹנִים וְתַחְתּוֹנִים מַמָּשׁ, כְּמוֹ שֶׁהָיָה לְבַדּוֹ קוֹדֶם שֵׁשֶׁת יְמֵי בְרֵאשִׁית, וְגַם בַּמָּקוֹם הַזֶּה שֶׁנִּבְרָא בוֹ עוֹלָם הַזֶּה, הַשָּׁמַיִם וְהָאָרֶץ וְכָל צְבָאָם, הָיָה הוּא לְבַדּוֹ מְמַלֵּא הַמָּקוֹם הַזֶּה, וְגַם עַתָּה כֵּן, הוּא לְבַדּוֹ בְּלִי שׁוּם שִׁינּוּי כְּלָל. וְהִנֵּה, כְּשֶׁיַּעֲמִיק בָּזֶה הַרְבֵּה, יִשְׂמַח לִבּוֹ וְתָגֵל נַפְשׁוֹ אַף גִּילַת וְרַנֵּן בְּכָל לֵב וְנֶפֶשׁ וּמְאֹד בֶּאֱמוּנָה זוֹ, כִּי רַבָּה הִיא, כִּי הִיא קִרְבַת אֱלֹהִים מַמָּשׁ. וְזֶה כָּל הָאָדָם וְתַכְלִית בְּרִיאָתוֹ, וּבְרִיאַת כָּל הָעוֹלָמוֹת עֶלְיוֹנִים וְתַחְתּוֹנִים – לִהְיוֹת לוֹ דִּירָה זוֹ בַּתַּחְתּוֹנִים, כְּמוֹ שֶׁיִּתְבָּאֵר לְקַמָּן בַּאֲרִיכוּת.

This, also, will be the true joy of the soul, especially when one recognizes, at appropriate times, that one needs to purify and illuminate one’s soul with gladness of the heart. Let him then concentrate his mind and envisage in his intelligence and understanding the subject of His true Unity, blessed be He: how He permeates all worlds, both upper and lower, and even this world is filled with His glory, and how everything is of no reality whatsoever in His presence, and He is One Alone in the upper and lower realms, as He was One Alone before the six days of Creation and also in the space wherein this world was created, the heavens and earth, and all their host—He alone filled this space; and now also this is so, being One Alone without any change whatsoever. When one will deeply contemplate this, his heart will be gladdened and his soul will rejoice even with joy and singing, with all heart and soul and might, in [the intensity of] this faith which is tremendous, since this is the [experience of the] very proximity of G–d, and it is the whole [purpose] of man and the goal of his creation, as well as of the creation of all the worlds, both upper and lower, that He may have an abode here below, as will later be explained at length.

Source 21 · Hasidic
Verified

Tanya, Part V; Kuntres Acharon 8:4

Tanya, Part V; Kuntres Acharon 8:4

The obligation of Torah study includes, for those who understand, the benefit of contemplation and depth of knowledge according to each person's measure, particularly through praising the Holy One in the pesukei dezimrah and the two blessings before Shema (Yotzer and Ahava), which are meant to awaken the hidden love in every Israelite's heart so that it becomes revealed during the recitation of Shema itself.

מִכָּל שֶׁכֵּן וְקַל וָחוֹמֶר שֶׁרָאוּי וְנָכוֹן לִיתֵּן נַפְשֵׁינוּ מַמָּשׁ עָלֶיהָ. וְהִיא חוֹבָה שֶׁל תּוֹרָה מַמָּשׁ, לִמְבִינֵי מַדָּע – תּוֹעֶלֶת הַהִתְבּוֹנְנוּת וְעוֹמֶק הַדַּעַת קְצָת, כָּל חַד לְפוּם שִׁיעוּרָא דִילֵיהּ, בְּסִדּוּר שְׁבָחוֹ שֶׁל מָקוֹם בָּרוּךְ־הוּא בִּפְסוּקֵי דְזִמְרָה וּשְׁתֵּי בְרָכוֹת שֶׁלִּפְנֵי קְרִיאַת־שְׁמַע – ״יוֹצֵר״ וְ״אַהֲבָה״ לְעוֹרֵר בָּהֶן הָאַהֲבָה הַמְסוּתֶּרֶת בְּלֵב כָּל יִשְׂרָאֵל, לָבֹא לִבְחִינַת גִּילּוּי בְּהִתְגַּלּוּת הַלֵּב בִּשְׁעַת קְרִיאַת־שְׁמַע עַצְמָהּ.